基于激光图像的苹果品质分析与模型

该试验利用波长650 nm,功率25 mW的半导体激光及计算机视觉技术,初步探讨了激光图像的影响因素以及利用激光图像对苹果(嘎拉、红富士)品质进行无损检测的可行性。分别测定贮藏期间苹果的硬度、固酸比、果面底色、果型等品质指标,并获取图像参数及其像素个数(S1、S2、S3、S4)。试验结果显示,苹果的向阳面和背阳面对获取的激光图像的像素个数有显著的影响,而果型大小对其无显著影响。其中图像参数S3与各品质指标的皮尔逊相关系数最高。逐步回归表明,引入变量S3后模型的解释率最好(最高R²为0.99),且都为极显著水平(P≤0.01)。试验的结果为利用小功率激光图像对苹果品质进行无损检测提供了理论依据。     

板翅换热器平直翅片的传热与阻力性能试验

对11种不同结构参数的紧凑式板翅换热器平直翅片的传热和流动阻力进行了试验研究,分析比较平直翅片间距、翅片高度、翅片长度对其传热和流动阻力的影响。结果表明,翅片间距对传热和流动阻力影响较小,而翅片长度和高度对其传热和流动阻力有重要影响。同时对11种翅片的220个试验数据点进行了j因子和f因子的试验关联式拟合,拟合关联式的误差范围为±10%。     

Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile,vitamin E concentrations,and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue

The study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on fatty acid (FA) composition, VE concentrations, and antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues of pigs fed to a heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows, 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fat sources included corn starch (CS), 5% tallow (TW), 5% distiller’s corn oil (DCO), and 5% coconut oil (CN); VE supplementation levels were 11 and 200 ppm. Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing VE supplementation level increased C16:1 (P < 0.05) content but decreased C20:0 (P < 0.05) content in backfat and belly fat, while in liver, it increased C17:0 (P < 0.05) but decreased C18:0 (P < 0.05). Compared to the pigs fed the CS diet, the pigs fed the CN diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total saturated FA, the pigs fed the DCO diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated FA content and iodine value, and the pigs fed the TW diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total monounsaturated FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver. Plasma VE concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing length of feeding but faster (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the CN and TW diets compared with the CS and DCO diets within the 200 ppm VE level; the pigs fed the DCO diet had the highest plasma VE concentrations (P < 0.05) from Phase 2 to Phase 5 within the 11 ppm VE level. The VE concentrations in liver and loin muscle (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm, but it was not affected by dietary fat source. There was no effect of VE supplementation and fat source on antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver except that pigs fed the DCO diet had greater liver SOD activity (P < 0.05) than the pigs fed the CN diet. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation did not affect FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver consistently, while dietary FA composition with different fat sources affected much of the FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver. The higher level of VE supplementation increased liver and muscle VE concentrations and dietary fat sources affected plasma VE concentrations differently (P < 0.05), wherein the TW and CN diets increased the VE absorption greater than the DCO diet.     

不同供水条件对冬小麦根系分布、产量及水分利用效率的影响

通过中科院栾城农业生态试验站3种不同降水年型的田间灌水试验,研究了不同供水条件对冬小麦根系分布、产量及水分利用效率的影响,旨在为华北地区冬小麦建立优化灌溉制度,提高水分利用效率,达到节水增产目的提供理论依据。试验结果表明,冬小麦根系主要集中分布在80 cm以上土层,随土层深度的增加,根长密度呈指数下降;综合分析根系对不同土层的水分吸收、作物耗水组成及产量、水分利用效率与总耗水的关系,提出华北地区冬小麦最佳灌水方式是：丰水年灌0水、平水年灌1水(拔节水)、枯水年灌2水(拔节水和抽穗水),次灌水量60～75 mm,具有明显的节水增产效益。     

不同行距对冬小麦麦田蒸发、蒸散和产量的影响

为了研究不同行距对冬小麦田棵间蒸发、蒸散和产量的影响,于2002～2003年在中国科学院栾城农业生态实验站进行了试验。结果表明：不同行距处理对棵间蒸发的影响在不同的冬小麦生育时期表现不同,在4月份呈现显著性差异,在12月-3月之间,处理之间没有明显差异,在其它时期7.5 cm的行距处理与30 cm行距的处理呈显著性差异,15cm的处理与它们均没有明显的差异;在整个生育期内,7.5 cm的行距处理比15 cm和30 cm的行距处理分别减少棵间蒸发13.26和29.04 mm,蒸散量减少22.76 mm和51.88 mm;7.5 cm的行距处理比15 cm和30 cm的行距处理分别提高产量水分利用效率0.11 kg/m³和0.23 kg/m³。     

笼底材料、密度和性别组群对肉鸡胸囊肿发生及胸肌成分的影响

该研究采用了三因素三水平的正交试验设计,就笼底材料、饲养密度、性别组群等三因素对3～6周龄笼养AA肉仔鸡发生胸囊肿及对其胸肌成分的影响进行了研究。结果表明：铁丝笼底、高饲养密度(17.25只/m²)、公鸡组的发病率最高,平均达34.09%,并显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。铁丝笼底显著高于塑料和竹竿笼底(P<0.05),高密度(17.25只/m²)显著高于低密度(10.98只/m²)(P<0.05),笼底材料是导致胸囊肿发病的主要环境因素,而性别组群对其无显著影响(P>0.05)。不同笼底下胸肌水分和蛋白质含量以竹竿笼底的含量最高,铁丝笼底下的胸肌蛋白含量最低(P<0.05)。胸肌脂肪则不受笼底、密度和性别组群的影响。因此,该试验表明,竹竿笼底和塑料笼底材料可降低笼养肉仔鸡胸囊肿的发病率,有利于提高其胸肌品质。     

柘树属一新变种——金脉柘树

在泰山发现自然生长的全株叶片沿叶脉银白或金黄色的柘树,经嫁接和组织培养的子代植株或再生芽均保持原有形态特性,其为柘树属一新品种(变种)。     

黄河源区生态保护与可持续发展

通过对黄河源区状况的阐述及现状分析,提出了黄河源区可持续发展的目标、保护措施与建议。     

基于永磁操动机构的真空开关动力学特性分析

真空开关利用新型的永磁机构作为操动系统,具有较高的操作精度与可靠性。在建立了永磁操动机构动态特性数学模型的基础上,分析了永磁机构的运动特性。在试验过程中实测了真空开关的动态参数,将实测结果与理论计算进行分析比较,结果表明数学模型与计算方法准确可靠。     

固定轮系的旋轮线及在车削多面体中的应用

根据坐标变换公式推导了一对定轴齿轮旋轮线的公式,由内、外啮合的公式得出一系列旋轮线图,分析了影响旋轮线性质和形状的有关参数及变化规律。根据定轴轮系的传动性质,可推导出多齿轮固定轮系旋轮线的轨迹。在误差允许的范围内,可以利用定轴轮系的旋轮线在其中心部分形成近似的正多边形的性质来车削正多边形。以正四边形为例,进行了误差分析和试验验证。