Evaluating and Comparing the Natural Cell Structure and Dimensions of Honey Bee Comb Cells of Chinese Bee,Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Italian Bee,Apis mellifera ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The hexagonal structure of the honey bee comb cell has been the source of many studies attempting to understand its structure and function. In the storage area of the comb, only honey is stored and no brood is reared. We predicted that honey bees may construct different hexagonal cells for brood rearing and honey storage. We used quantitative analyses to evaluate the structure and function of the natural comb cell in the Chinese bee, Apis cerana cerana and the Italian bee, A. mellifera ligustica. We made cell molds using a crystal glue solution and measured the structure and inclination of cells. We found that the comb cells of A. c. cerana had both upward-sloping and downward-sloping cells; while the A. m. ligustica cells all tilted upwards. Interestingly, the cells did not conform to the regular hexagonal prism structure and showed irregular diameter sizes. In both species, comb cells also were differentiated into worker, drone and honey cells, differing in their diameter and depth. This study revealed unique differences in the structure and function of comb cells and showed that honey bees design their cells with precise engineering to increase storage capacity, and to create adequate growing room for their brood.     

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Dairy Cow Mastitis in Liaoning and Drug Sensibility Test of Pathogenic E.coli

In order to understand the main bacterial pathogen species causing dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning, as well as the characteristics of drug sensitivity of the pathogenic E.coli,the milk samples from 75 dairy cows with clinical manifestations for mastitis in certain large-scale dairy farm in Liaoning were collected.The bacteria in milk were cultured and isolated with biochemical methods and in vitro drug sensitivity tests were processed with the isolated E.coli strains.The results showed that the main bacterial pathogen for dairy cow mastitis were E.coli（separation rate 58.7%),S.aureus（64.0%）and S.agalactiae（54.7%),and multiple infection including double and triple infection were identified.The drug sensitivity tests on the isolated E.coli indicated that the E.coli isolates were highly resistant to sulfonamides（resistance rate>85%）and chloramphenicol（resistance rate>30%),and they were relatively low resistant to ampicillin（9.5%),ciprofloxacin（9.5%),ceftiofur（7.1%）and ofloxacin（4.8%).The results was able to provide reliable theoretical basis for prevention and control of dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning area.     

尼润花属品种在杭州地区的引种栽培研究

以从荷兰引进的7个尼润花品种为试验材料,在杭州地区进行适应性栽培,观察并记载其物候期、花期形态与栽培适应性,在国内详细报道了尼润花属植物的引种及栽培情况,以期丰富我国夏秋季开花的球根花卉品种资源。结果表明:引种材料中有4个品种适应性较好,能够正常生长、开花,全年绿叶期长达8个月,花期持续3个月。栽植1年后,7个品种的更新鳞茎收获均为室外阴棚区盆栽方式优于露地栽植条件。尼润花属园艺品种在杭州地区能良好生长,有望发展成为优良的花境植物、地被植物及切花材料。     

黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌的毒力分化及AFLP分析

以6个黄瓜品种(系)为试材,以来自山东、辽宁、黑龙江的200个黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌为供试菌株,采用苗期接种鉴定及AFLP分子标记技术,研究了黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌的毒力分化。结果表明:黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌存在生理小种分化现象,并将200个菌株分为4个生理小种,初步筛选出D0330、D1306、D0649和D2025作为研究黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌生理小种分化的鉴别寄主备选材料;AFLPs与菌株的地理来源无关,与毒力存在相关性。     

Protection of pigs against post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by a recombinant adenovirus expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2

Post-weaning multisystemic wating syndrome (PMWS) associated with PCV2 was one of the most costly diseases currently faced by the swine industry. In order to develop a vaccine to control this disease, we previously constructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing the capsid of PCV2. Here, we examined the protection of swine against PMWS by the recombinant adenovirus. Eighteen 32-day-old pigs were assigned to three groups each with six. Group 1 was vaccinated subcutaneously with rAd-Cap and boosted 2 weeks later. Thirty-seven days after first vaccination, Groups 1 and 2 were oronasally challenged with virulent PCV2 isolate, 4 and 7 days later, intramuscularly exposed to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Group 3 remained unchallenged but with KLH. The results showed that high level of PCV2-specific ELISA antibody and neutralizing antibody could be induced at 37 days after first vaccination. After challenge, pigs in vaccinated group had no clearly clinical signs, although some of them had increased rectal temperatures (>/=40 degrees C) for short time. The pyrexic phase in vaccinated group was significantly lighter than that in challenge-control group (P<0.05). The relative daily weight gain in vaccinated-challenged group was similar to that in empty control group. But it was significantly high compared to the challenge-control group (P<0.05). Mean while the pathological lesions and virema presented in vaccinated group were milder than those in control group. It indicated that the recombinant adenovirus was able to confer significant protection against clinical disease and reduce pathogenic lesions induced by PCV2 challenge, even though it could not provide complete virological protection. The recombinant adenovirus might be an attractive candidate vaccine for preventing the disease associated with PCV2 infection.     

早期限饲对肉鸡肌肉生长及生产性能的长期影响

本研究旨在比较不同生长阶段隔日限饲(早期限饲:1~14日龄限饲,后期限饲:50~63日龄限饲)对肉鸡肌肉生长及相关激素水平的影响,并探讨早期限饲对肉鸡肌肉生长的程序化作用。试验结果:1)早期限饲组整个试验阶段体重均极显著低于对照组,后期限饲组限饲一周后体重显著低于对照组并于63日龄实现完全补偿生长;2)早期限饲组14日龄和63日龄胸肌、腓肠肌重均显著低于对照组;后期限饲组63日龄胸肌、腓肠肌重均显著低于对照组,且二者与早期限饲组均差异不显著;3)早期限饲显著降低了14日龄肉鸡肌肉中DNA、RNA和蛋白含量,63日龄恢复至正常水平,且核酸、蛋白水平在胸肌和腓肠肌内的趋势表现不一致;4)早期限饲组14日龄血清中T3、T4水平均显著低于对照组,63日龄血清T3水平仍显著低于对照组;后期限饲组63日龄血清T3水平显著低于对照组,T4水平与对照组差异不显著。结果表明:1)限饲可显著阻碍肉鸡肌肉的生长;2)不同部位的肌肉对限饲的敏感度不同;3)早期营养因子对肉鸡肌肉的生长具有"程序化"作用,甲状腺激素可能参与这些过程的调节。     

半挂牵引车车架异常断裂原因分析

建立了以板壳单元为基本单元的半挂牵引车车架有限元分析模型,针对半挂牵引车在使用过程中车架异常断裂问题,应用NASTRAN有限元分析软件对车架强度进行了静态及模态分析。有限元分析结果表明,车架断裂现象是由于第4横梁与纵梁连接铆钉处和侧翼板前部的第1个铆钉连接处,应力值已大于或接近材料的最小屈服强度,及在该处出现较大的交变应力而产生的。有限元计算结果与实车车架断裂结果相吻合,证明所采取的建模方法和分析方法是可行的。根据实际工艺要求,给出了该车架结构的改造方法,实际改造结果表明改造方法是非常有效的,断裂区的强度有明显提高。与原结构相比,在弯曲和扭转工况下,最大应力值分别下降38%和57%。     

超声波对野生柴胡种子萌发及活力的影响

采用超声波对野生柴胡种子进行处理,测定种子的发芽势和发芽率以及种子的平均根长和简化活力指数.结果表明:经超声波处理25min,种子的发芽势和发芽率分别为13.33%、88.89%,比对照提高11.11%、44.45%;种子的简化活力指数为122.67,比对照高出98.23;处理时间在15～35min范围内,对种子的萌发以及种子的活力均有一定的促进作用.     

盐胁迫下5-磺基水杨酸、水杨酸对小黑麦种子生理特性的影响

采用种子萌发试验,研究了5-磺基水杨酸、水杨酸对盐胁迫下小黑麦种子萌发及幼苗生长情况的影响.结果表明:在盐胁迫下,适当浓度的两种酚酸均能提高小黑麦种子萌发的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,浓度增高则抑制种子萌发.适当浓度的两种酚酸还能降低幼苗叶片电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量、提高叶绿素含量.总的看来,5-磺基水杨酸的效果比水杨酸好,且低浓度的效果比高浓度的好.