Effects of enzymatic and atmospheric plasma treatments individually and their combinations on knitted PET fabrics were investigated
in terms of hydrophilicity, surface modification and moisture management properties. Cutinase from Humicola Insolens, lipase from Candida SP and atmospheric plasma with air and argon gases were applied to PET fabrics. To evaluate results, moisture management tester
(MMT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized. Wicking heights of samples were measured by wicking test method.
Improved moisture management properties were observed with environmentally benign processes compared to the untreated ones.
Especially combined treatments have given the same or slightly better results than those of conventional alkaline treatments.
Fabrics treated with plasma and then followed by enzymatic incubations have significantly improved the wetting time, absorption
rates and spreading speed results. 相似文献
In this study, an adaptive neuro fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) based predictor was designed to predict the physical properties of four almond types. Measurements of the dimensions, length, width and thickness were carried out for one hundred randomly selected samples of each type. With using these three major perpendicular dimensions, some physical parameters such as projected area, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, shape index and aspect ratio were estimated. In in a various Artificial Neural Network (ANN) structures, ANFIS structure which has given the best results was selected. The parameters analytically estimated and those predicted were given in the form of figures. The root mean-squared error (RMSE) was found to be 0.0001 which is quite low. ANFIS approach has given a superior outcome in the prediction of the Physical Properties of Almond Nuts. 相似文献
Antimicrobial treatments have become more important for the textile materials especially used in sportswear, activewear, and
casual wear since they can easily be contaminated by perspiration leading to bacterial growth and body odor. In this work,
antimicrobial activity of chitosan in a silica matrix on pretreated wool fabrics was studied. The pretreatment processes were
applied by two different ways (enzymatic and enzymatic+hydrogen peroxide). Afterwards chitosan solutions were applied to the
untreated samples and to the samples that were pretreated by two different ways to give antimicrobial effects. The antimicrobial
activity of wool fabrics treated in various methods was assessed before and after repeated washings (up to 10 cycles) by the
application of standard test method AATCC 147-1998. The morphology of the treated fabrics was investigated by SEM and their
characterizations were made by the FT-IR spectral analysis. Results revealed that pretreatment ways and chitosan application
methods were quite important for adsorption and diffusion of chitosan on wool fabrics and washing stability. From the SEM
images, it was clearly observed that pretreatment processes caused some degradation on the surface of the fiber; but combined
processes were found to be less degradative and more effective. 相似文献
Total anthocyanins were extracted from eleven sweet cherry cultivars grown in Sakarya, Turkey. In vitro inhibition effects of extracted total anthocyanins on purified carbonic anhydrase I and II were investigated by using CO2 as a substrate. The results showed that all extracted total anthocyanins inhibited the hCA I and hCA II enzyme activities. Among all cultivars, ‘Merton Premier’ was found to be the most active one against both hCA I (IC50?=?0.83?µg/mL) and hCA II (IC50?=?1.16?µg/mL). Additionally, the DPPH activities of the extracts were investigated as antioxidant properties. The results exhibited that ‘Churchill’ and ‘Merton Premier’ have high antioxidant activity with 74.102% and 73.503% DPPH activity, respectively.
The treated seeds (control, KNO3 and hydropriming) of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivar Sanbro were evaluated at germination and seedling growth for tolerance to salt (NaCl) and drought conditions induced by PEG-6000 at the same water potentials of 0.0, −0.3, −0.6, −0.9 and −1.2 MPa. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of the NaCl solutions were 0.0, 6.5, 12.7, 18.4 and 23.5 dS m−1, respectively. The objective of the study was to determine factors responsible for germination and early seedling growth due to salt toxicity or osmotic effect and to optimize the best priming treatment for these stress conditions.
Results revealed that germination delayed in both solutions, having variable germination with different priming treatments. Germination, root and shoot length were higher but mean germination time and abnormal germination percentage were lower in NaCl than PEG at the same water potential. Seeds were able to germinate at all concentrations of NaCl but no seed germination was observed at −1.2 MPa of PEG treatments. NaCl had less inhibitor effect on seedling growth than the germination. It was concluded that inhibition of germination at the same water potential of NaCl and PEG resulted from osmotic effect rather than salt toxicity. Hydropriming increased germination and seedling growth under salt and drought stresses. 相似文献
We investigated individual and combined effects of B toxicity and salinity in the presence or absence of silicon on the shoot growth, concentrations of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), boron (B) and silicon (Si), and stomatal resistance (SR), lipid peroxidation (MDA), proline accumulation, H2O2 accumulation and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activity grapevine rootstocks of 41B (V. Vinifera × V. Berlandieri) and 1103P (V. Berlandieri × V. Rupestris). Applied Si counteracted the deleterious effects of salinity and boron toxicity on shoot growth by lowering the accumulation of Na in 1103P, and B and Cl in the both rootstocks. Stomatal resistance, MDA, and the concentrations of H2O2 and proline were higher in the plants grown in conditions of B toxicity, salinity and their combination while applied Si lowered these parameters. Lowering SOD and CAT but increasing APX, Si treatment significantly affected the enzyme activities of both rootstocks. Based on the present work, it can be concluded that Si alleviates the adverse effects of salinity, B toxicity and combined salinity-B toxicity on grapevine rootstocks by preventing both oxidative membrane damage and translocation of Na and B from root to shoots and/or soil to plant, and also lowering the phytotoxic effects of Na and B within plant tissues. When considering the antioxidative response and membrane systems, it was concluded that the rootstock 1103P was responsive to Si under stress conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report that Si improves the combined salt and B tolerance of grapevine grown under saline, B toxic, and B toxic and saline conditions which describes membrane related parameters and antioxidant responses. 相似文献
Abstract The inverse linear competition model and three non-linear hyperbolic models were tested on two years' results from field experiments with barley and oilseed rape. Densities ranged from 1/9 to 3 times the normal seed rate (i.e. 350 barley plants m?2 and 100 oilseed rape plants m?2). A log transformation of both sides was necessary to ensure homogeneity of variance. The best precision of parameter estimates was found using the non-linear hyperbolic model: where w is the individual plant weight and N is the plant density. AN0 is the dry matter production per plant at a density N0, and B is the potential biomass production per unit area under the actual growth conditions. The estimated values of parameters AAN0 and B agreed well with the values actually measured. The computational, as well as the biological, implications of introducing a threshold density, N0 are discussed. 相似文献
Shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa L.) is regarded as a promising new candidate for Mediterranean mariculture but specifically formulated feeds are not yet
available due to knowledge gaps in its basic nutritional requirements. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine
the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth and feed utilization in shi drum (72.6 g average weight). Four isonitrogenic
diets differing in dietary lipid levels between 10 and 19% (named 10L, 13L, 16L, and 19L, respectively) were fed to triplicate
groups of fish for 8 weeks. Growth was not affected by treatment whereas feed efficiency was significantly deteriorated in
fish fed diets containing lipid higher than 13%. Whole body dry matter and lipid contents were significantly higher in fish
fed 19L compared with fish fed the 10L, while whole body protein, ash, and total carbon (C) were statistically unaffected
by the dietary treatment. A significant increase in feed, lipid, energy, nitrogen (N), and carbon (C) intake was recorded
in fish fed 16L and 19L when compared with 10L. Carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio was significantly higher in fish fed 19L than
10L. Moreover, the N and C losses significantly increased in fish fed 19L compared with 10L and 13L. It was concluded that
high dietary lipid did neither had any protein-sparing effect nor other positive result, and diets for shi drum are not recommended
to contain more than 13% lipid. 相似文献