豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂转基因棉花的获得

利用根癌农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）介导法将豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂（Ｃｏｗ－ｐｅａＴｒｙｐｓｉｎＩｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒ,ＣｐＴＩ）基因转移进入棉花（ＧｏｓｙｐｉｕｍｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍＬ．）。棉花幼苗的下胚轴与携带有ＣｐＴＩ基因和Ｎｐｔ－Ⅱ基因的根癌农杆菌共培养,在选择培养基上诱导出了卡那霉素抗性（Ｋｍｒ）愈伤组织。选择Ｎｐｔ－Ⅱ阳性的胚性愈伤组织在胚状体诱导培养基上进行胚状体诱导,继而在分化培养基上进行植株分化,最终获得了再生棉花植株。经Ｎｐｔ－Ⅱ分析、ＰＣＲ及Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ检测证明,外源ＣｐＴＩ基因和标记基因（Ｎｐｔ－Ⅱ基因）存在于转化棉株及其后代中。抗棉铃虫（Ｈｅｌｉｏｔｈｉｓａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ）生物活性检测表明转基因植株后代具有明显的抗棉铃虫能力。     

基于区块链的河豚供应链可信溯源优化研究

针对河豚供应链环节复杂、监管要求高以及溯源系统信息传递繁杂、数据查询效率低的问题,以提高河豚溯源查询效率和安全性为目的,建立了基于区块链技术的河豚供应链溯源优化模型,并搭建相应系统。首先,对河豚供应链业务供应链信息进行分析,整理并提取供应链各业务环节溯源码信息和产品信息;然后,基于区块链技术建立河豚供应链可信溯源优化模型架构,设计多链的存储模式和快速查询流程并制定相应的智能合约;最后,基于Hyperledger Fabric实现了一种河豚供应链信息溯源系统,并使用Caliper性能测试工具测试。结果表明,在数据记录条数大于1000条后,本文模型查询效率高于传统单链模型,在10000条数据记录上链后,本文模型较传统单链模型查询效率提高约92.9%。以江苏省某河豚企业为例,实现河豚供应链信息安全传递和快速溯源。所提出的模型可以应用到河豚行业从而提高溯源效率和安全性,为河豚行业提供一个防篡改、查询效率高的模型。     

基于无人机遥感的盛花期薇甘菊监测技术

薇甘菊是世界十大有害杂草之一,其泛滥会对生态系统造成重大影响。建立一个高空间分辨率全域尺度的薇甘菊预警评估方法,是防治薇甘菊的关键手段之一。目前对薇甘菊的监测主要有人工踏查、卫星遥感监测,但前者效率低下而后者识别精度不够。以无人机为载体,通过采集待监测区域的薇甘菊彩色图像,应用Otsu-K-means、RGB、HSV色彩空间阈值分割算法以及K-means-RGB、K-means-HSV、K-means-RGB-HSV融合算法和MobileNetV3深度学习算法进行识别,采用召回率、精确率和均衡平均数F1值共3个评价指标对识别结果进行评价。实验结果表明K-means-RGB-HSV算法对盛花期薇甘菊的整体识别效果最佳。在此基础上,基于识别结果应用模糊层次分析法以及盖度公式,初步建立了薇甘菊的预警评估方法,划分了5个薇甘菊入侵危害等级,可根据所需监测精度的不同,设置不同尺寸的网格和辐射半径,绘制出薇甘菊入侵的精准分布热力图,能够清晰准确地体现不同区域的入侵薇甘菊的危害程度。在厘米级分辨率精度下,实现了基于无人机遥感的盛花期薇甘菊精准监测,为薇甘菊入侵的监测、预警和精准防治提供了有力支撑。     

不同覆膜处理下春玉米叶面积指数高光谱估算

为实现快速、无损、实时监测不同覆膜处理下春玉米的叶面积指数（Leaf area index,LAI）,研究覆膜因子对LAI及冠层反射率的影响,借助高光谱遥感技术获取了各生育期春玉米的冠层反射率,在对光谱数据进行预处理后,经相关性分析提取各覆膜处理LAI的敏感单波段、敏感植被指数和特征指数,据此构建了全生育期各覆膜处理下LAI的高光谱估算模型。结果表明,覆膜对LAI的影响主要在抽雄期之前,相同施肥水平下覆膜与无覆膜处理之间LAI的差异随生育期的推进呈先减小、后增大的趋势,其中苗期差异最大,覆膜比无覆膜处理LAI增加78%以上;各覆膜处理冠层反射率之间的差异由大到小为生育中期、生育末期、生育初期,覆膜主要影响玉米对绿光和红光的吸收。基于3个指标构建各覆膜处理下LAI的估算模型,以特征指数为因变量建立的模型对LAI的反演结果精度较高,其拟合和验证决定系数R2均在0.8以上,均方根误差RMSE为0.45~0.65cm2/cm2,剩余预测偏差RPD均大于2,由于覆膜的影响,无覆膜处理LAI反演精度高于覆膜处理。以特征指数NI(722,731)为自变量建立的所有处理的混合LAI估算模型表现了反演的优越性,能降低覆膜对LAI反演的影响。     

农机服务专业户投资收益分析

农机服务专业户已经成为我国农机社会化服务的主力军,研究农机服务专业户投资收益对我国农机化发展具有重要意义.通过构造C-D生产函数,分析不同规模农机服务专业户各生产要素的投资报酬,并在此基础上针对农机购置成本这一农机户投资金额最大的生产要素进行投资收益分析,得出结论并给出相应建议.     

垄作区几种保护性耕作种植模式研究

主要对东北垄作区实施保护性耕作技术种植玉米试验进行了分析和评价.试验结果表明:在东北垄作区实施保护性耕作技术是可行的,能够增加作物产量,减少作业成本.与传统耕作模式相比,碎茬覆盖模式的产量增加了14.96%,高留茬模式增加了9.5%,而作业成本碎茬覆盖模式减少了29.4%,高留茬模式则减少了23.5%.比较各项指标,碎秆覆盖模式更加体现出了保护性耕作技术的优越性,具有更好的推广前景.     

垄台修复中耕施肥机关键部件的改进与试验

针对东北垄作区原垄免耕播种后,垄形破坏,玉米出苗后需进行垄台修复施肥,但作业过程中存在机具堵塞严重,行间玉米秸秆被机具挑起伤苗,以及机具作业过程中动力消耗大等问题,设计改进了垄台修复中耕施肥机的关键部件,优化了关键参数.田间试验表明:平板直刀型破茬松土方式动力消耗小、防堵效果好,采用的凹面双圆盘进行垄形修复,起土效果好,能够有效防堵.     

酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶染色法的改良

通过对酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶染色过程中的几个重要因素进行研究,确定了其最佳处理条件,并探讨了几个因素间的相互作用。结果表明,固定液用2.5%戊二醛的效果要优于甲醛-丙酮混合液;用pH值5.8～6.2的孵育液孵育1.5h,甲基绿复染1～10s效果最佳。变化各因素的处理条件对最终的观测效果和结果都有影响,其中以甲基绿复染时间过长影响最大。同时,该染色法应用于贵妃鸡的T淋巴细胞计数中,4次重复的结果表明,贵妃鸡酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶阳性细胞率为37.86±1.89%,各重复间差异不显著。     

Effects of psychological stress on in vitro expression of activated surface molecules on T cells of peripheral blood from healthy persons

AIM: To study cellular and molecular mechanism involved in increasing susceptibility of infection in psychological stress persons. METHODS: Comparative studies were performed with double staining and flow cytometry analysis on immunophenotyping and in vitro expression of early activating surface molecule CD69 in response to mitogens on T cells from peripheral blood of 20 healthy college student volunteers before and after psychological stress. A series of term final examinations was defined as psychological stress. RESULTS: Immunophenotyping analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the percentage of CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD20, CD16 and CD56 positive lymphocyte populations before and after psychological stress. There was a statistically significant decrease in the in vitro expression of CD69 in response to polyclonal stimulators on the T cells from persons after psychological stress than those before psychological stress. The percentage of CD69 expression (CD69⁺CD3⁺/CD3⁺%) in response to PHA and PDB in the whole blood culture for 72 hours decreased respectively from 28.1±4.1 and 80.7±6.8 on the T cells obtained before psychological stress to 17.6±3.8 and 65.8±7.9 on those obtained after psychological stress, while there was no statistically significant difference between the CD69 expression rates without stimulators on the T cells obtained before and after psychological stress. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of psychological stress to immune system is not on the level of changing proportions of the sub-populations within peripheral blood lymphocytes. Psychological stress can decrease the activating response of T cells in healthy persons, which may be responsible for the increase of susceptibility to infection in the psychological stress persons.     

An investigation on the comparison of wet spinning and electrospinning: Experimentation and simulation

Polysulfonamide (PSA) has been widely used in many fields because of its excellent thermodynamic properties. In this study, PSA fibers were prepared separately via two different spinning ways, including conventional wet spinning and electrospinning. Fluid motion of wet spinning and electrostatic field of electrospinning were modeled using finite element analysis to investigate the spinning process. The properties of fabricated PSA fibers were characterized systematically by scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravity analysis (TGA) and electronic strength tester. Based on the simulation and theoretical analysis of spinning process, it was found that the extruding force of the wet spinning is larger than that of the electrospinning. The larger extruding force makes the alignment of macromolecules inside fiber relatively uniform, and a higher proportion of crystallization happens. Accordingly, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of PSA fibers could be improved due to a higher proportion of crystallization. The experimental results of mechanical strength and TG test are coincided with the simulation results. PSA fiber prepared by wet spinning has better thermal stability and mechanical properties than that fabricated by electrospinning.