花椒离体愈伤组织诱导研究

以“凤县大红袍”花椒嫩叶为外植体,研究不同种类和浓度的植物生长调节剂、不同盐浓度的培养基以及同一低温不同处理时间对花椒愈伤组织诱导及其生长的影响。结果表明,MS为最适培养基;诱导花椒愈伤组织较优的生长调节剂组合为,0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D,诱导出的愈伤生长旺盛,质地松散,无褐化现象;在0℃处理2、4 h仍可以获得正常的愈伤组织,不影响再分化。     

中国能源碳足迹生态压力变动的因素分解研究

文中在相关能源碳足迹研究的基础上,提出了能源碳足迹生态压力(EPICF)的概念,并对1996-2010年中国能源碳足迹生态压力的动态变化进行了定量分析,结果显示,中国EPICF从0.97hm2/hm2增加到1.96hm2/hm2,增加了2.021倍,现有森林和草地的面积不能够满足日益增加的能源碳足迹.之后,利用LMDI法对其进行因素分解,结果表明,森林和草地的人口压力、能源结构和能源强度3个因素对EPICF的增加起到抑制的作用,经济发展因素起到促进的作用.其中,能源强度因素对EHCF下降的贡献值和贡献率最大,其次是森林和草地的人口压力因素.在影响EPICF变化的诸多因素中,经济因素的促进作用超过其它的抑制因素,经济发展带来的生态压力问题将更加严峻.     

不结球白菜形态性状及SSR遗传多样性关联分析

分析不结球白菜遗传多样性,筛选与形态性状相关联且具有多态性的标记位点,为不结球白菜的分子辅助育种选择、种质资源的利用和新品种选育提供依据.本研究以类型差异大、有南方特色的54份种质资源为材料,对其6个质量性状和5个数量性状进行3次田间调查,从40对引物中筛选出25对SSR引物进行遗传多样性分析,结合形态性状对54份不结...     

主要农作物秸秆养分资源现状及其肥料替代潜力分析——以安徽省为例

安徽省农作物秸秆资源丰富,充分利用秸秆养分资源对于农田养分投入的合理分配具有重要意义。评估全省主要农作物秸秆还田当季有效养分替代化肥潜力,可为安徽省减肥增效提供科学依据。本研究以安徽种植面积较大的主要农作物水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆、花生和油菜为研究对象,通过查阅安徽省统计数据和公开发表的文献资料,对2017年安徽省主要农作物秸秆数量、秸秆还田率以及还田当季养分利用率进行估算,明晰了全省化肥减施潜力。结果表明:2017年安徽省主要农作物秸秆资源量为4 699.9万t,秸秆资源分布上呈北部和中部较多、南部最少的特征。秸秆养分资源总量为124.8万t,N、P_2O_5和K_2O分别为38.1万t、11.4万t和75.3万t,分别占全省主要农作物养分需求的40.1%、32.1%和68.9%。理论上,秸秆全量还田,且养分充分利用的情况下,秸秆养分替代化肥潜力大。但秸秆养分N、P_2O_5和K_2O当季利用率分别为38.9%、52.3%和69.9%,实际秸秆N、P_2O_5和K_2O养分还田量仅占主要农作物养分需求的15.6%、16.8%和48.2%,分别占农田养分总投入量的8.6%、6.4%和41.4%。通过秸秆还田,全省可减施化肥63.3万t,减施比例为19.8%, N、P_2O_5和K_2O减施比例分别为11.4%、17.2%、40.7%。进一步提高秸秆还田率和当季养分释放率,是推进全省化肥减施增效的有利手段。     

普通豇豆应用核心种质的SSR指纹图谱构建及多样性分析

不同种质资源群体的多样性及遗传背景分析可为种质资源收集保存及创新利用提供有效信息。对不同来源的88份普通豇豆应用核心种质资源进行了14个SSR位点的指纹图谱构建及多样性分析,共检测到39个等位变异,每对引物检测到2~5个,平均为2.79。多态信息含量（PIC）变幅为0.25~0.72,平均为0.58。UPGMA聚类结果显示,除了3对种质外,39个等位变异可将其他材料有效区分,且在遗传相似系数为0.63时,88份种质可分为4个类群,地理来源相同的材料有聚在一起的趋势。     

不同贮藏温度对小黑麦花粉活力的影响

在室温、4℃、-20℃和液氮(-196℃)下贮藏小黑麦的花粉,研究不同温度对新小黑麦1号、3号、4号和5号花粉活力的影响,结果表明:室温条件下保存3 h,小黑麦花粉活力均在80%左右,3~4 h后花粉活力降低很快,7~8h后花粉活力几乎全无。4℃保存可适当延长花粉活力,保存8 h后,新小黑麦1号、5号花粉的活力降低到60%,而3号和4号降低为80%左右。48 h左右花粉活力降至0%。与4℃相比,-20℃保存下不同品种小黑麦花粉活力降低更快,4 h后花粉活力降低到50%~65%,16 h后花粉活力接近0%。液氮超低温冷冻保存下小黑麦花粉活力相对稳定,保存10天后活力仍然很高,其活力相对保持率在92%左右,理论上可以长时间保存花粉。     

地面覆盖对越橘菌根侵染率及根系活力和过氧化物酶活性的影响

对越橘栽培土壤进行粉碎的玉米秸秆、粉碎的稻草秸、苔藓、锯末、草炭等5种不同有机物覆盖处理。结果表明,有机物覆盖处理可以提高越橘的根系活力和菌根侵染率,降低过氧化物酶活性,促进了越橘的生长。     

重金属在超富集植物少花龙葵和李氏禾体内的分布和移动特征

通过研究超富集植物少花龙葵和李氏禾在加镉/铬和去镉/铬处理中重金属的富集情况,探讨镉/铬在这两种植物体内的分布和移动特征.结果显示,少花龙葵在100 mg/L Cd污染时生物量显著高于对照,根、茎和叶镉含量分别达到22 930、3 250、94 mg/kg,富集系数分别为229、32.5和0.9.去镉处理改变了镉在少花龙葵体内的分布模式.少花龙葵根、茎的镉浓度在去镉处理比加镉处理降低31.2％和35.9％,叶的镉浓度上升90.3％.少花龙葵在加镉处理成熟叶(第2、3片叶)的镉含量最高,在去镉处理中转移至老叶(第1片)和新叶(第5、6片)中.李氏禾在加铬处理20mg/L Cr(Ⅲ)和20mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)时叶生物显著低于对照,但在去铬处理恢复正常.在20 mg/L Cr(Ⅲ)和20 mg/LCr(Ⅵ)处理中李氏禾根、茎和叶的铬浓度相当,分别为7 114、1 021、223 mg/kg,富集系数分别为352、51和6.8.李氏禾不同叶位的叶片铬浓度相差不大,去铬处理没有改变铬在李氏禾体内的分布模式.结果表明,少花龙葵和李氏禾对镉或者铬污染具有很好的修复效果;镉在少花龙葵体内具有移动性,镉离子进入植物根、茎和叶后,受到外部环境影响可以进行再分配;李氏禾对铬的吸收是一个单方向过程,先在根系中积累,进而跨膜转运至茎中,少部分转移叶中,铬进入植物体各部位,很难进行再分配.     

Yield-height correlation and QTL localization for plant height in two lowland switchgrass populations

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), as a model herbaceous crop species for bioenergy production, is targeted to improve biomass yield and feedstock quality. Plant height is a major component contributing to biomass yield. Accordingly, the objectives of this research were to analyze phenotypic variation for biomass and plant height and the association between them and to localize associated plant height QTLs. Two lowland switchgrass mapping populations, one selfed and another hybrid population established in the field at Perkins and Stillwater, Oklahoma, were deployed in the experiment for two years post establishment. Large genetic variation existed for plant biomass and height within the two populations. Plant height was positively correlated with biomass yield in the selfed population (r = 0.39, P<0.0001) and the hybrid population (r = 0.41, P<0.0001). In the selfed population, a joint analysis across all environments revealed 10 QTLs and separate analysis for each environment, collectively revealed 39 QTLs related to plant height. In the hybrid population, the joint analysis across overall environments revealed 35 QTLs and the separate analysis for each environment revealed 38 QTLs. The findings of this research contribute new information about the genetic control for plant height and will be useful for future plant breeding and genetic improvement programs in lowland switchgrass.     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.