VALUE OF A SINGLE-SHOT TURBO SPIN-ECHO PULSE SEQUENCE FOR ASSESSING THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE SUBARACHNOID SPACE AND THE CONSTITUTIVE NATURE OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Three case history reports are presented to illustrate the value of the single-shot turbo spin-echo pulse sequence for assessment of the subarachnoid space. The use of the single-shot turbo spin-echo pulse sequence, which is a heavily T2-weighted sequence, allows for a rapid, noninvasive evaluation of the subarachnoid space by using the high signal from cerebrospinal fluid. This sequence can be completed in seconds rather than the several minutes required for a T2-fast spin-echo sequence. Unlike the standard T2-fast spin-echo sequence, a single-shot turbo spin-echo pulse sequence also provides qualitative information about the protein and the cellular content of the cerebrospinal fluid, such as in patients with inflammatory debris or hemorrhage in the cerebrospinal fluid. Although the resolution of the single-shot turbo spin-echo pulse sequence images is relatively poor compared with more conventional sequences, the qualitative information about the subarachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid and the rapid acquisition time, make it a useful sequence to include in standard protocols of spinal magnetic resonance imaging.     

Obstruction of the Ascending Colon in Cattle: II. An Experimental Model of Partial Bypass of the Large Intestine

Four dairy calves were subjected to partial bypass of the large intestine by uniting the ileum to the distal centrifugal coil of the spiral loop of the ascending colon (spiral colon). Digesta bypassed the distal ileum, cecum, proximal loop of the ascending colon, and the centripetal coils of the spiral colon. The calves survived the surgical procedure and were healthy throughout the 4-week postoperative experimental period. Feces were loose immediately after bypass, but fecal dry matter (DM) gradually increased over the subsequent 2 weeks (P < 0.01), indicating adaptation of remaining bowel to absorb more water. There was no significant change in serum concentration of sodium or chloride. The calves continued to grow and gain weight at acceptable rates after bypass. Necropsy of 3 of the calves demonstrated a decrease in size of the bypassed bowel.     

关于澳洲坚果主要推广品种的建议

为了筛选出适合我国种植的澳洲坚果品种,对我国澳洲坚果主产区9个主要品种的产量和品质进行分析。结合澳洲坚果产业的健康发展,建议我国目前的澳洲坚果主要推广品种使用桂热5号(Own choice)和桂热6号(900#),在广西、广东和攀枝花等地的辅助品种可使用桂热7号(695#)和桂热8号(788#)等,在云南辅助品种可使用桂热7号(695#)、桂热8号(788#)、344#、660#和741#等。     

华北落叶松鞘蛾性信息素应用技术研究

1999年至2000年,山西省太岳山林局应用人工合成的华北落叶松鞘蛾性信息素对华北落叶松鞘蛾进行了监测,并开展了大量诱杀试验。结果表明,该引诱剂对华北落叶松鞘蛾雄蛾有较强的引诱作用,60个诱捕器在成虫扬飞期共诱到鞘蛾成虫51万头,应用诱捕器后,林地内华北落叶松鞘蛾被害率下降50.1％,虫口密度下降81.2％。可用于对华北落叶松鞘蛾的监测和防治。     

Genetic foci of Solanum species, Petota Dumort, resistant to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary

The present paper provides a review of data from literature sources and results of research carried out at the Institute of PlantIndustry with the aim of identifying genetic centres of formation of late blight resistant genotypes. For the research results, speciesfrom the potato collection of VIR were used.     

Diverse Retail Structure and Christaller's Separation Principle in Medium-Sized Metropolitan Areas

Standardized features dominate the retail landscape of the United States and are the physical components of retail districts. This study tests the hypothesis that standardized building blocks have failed to produce the same retail structure in all metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Ninety-two medium-sized MS As are analyzed to determine if the arrangement and strength of their retail districts differ. The relationship between functional and spatial aspects of retail structure in central place theory provides a basis for testing the hypothesis of diversity. Christaller's separation principle provides a plausible conceptual framework for diverse retail structure if each MSA is analyzed as an isolated region. Five types of retail structure are analyzed using data obtained from the Census of Population and the Census of Retail Trade. The types are identified by performing a serial iterative partition cluster procedure on prioritized metropolitan sales variables. The statistical significance of the types is tested with Mann-Whitney U-tests of functional variables not used in the cluster analysis. Verification confirms five distinctive types. Monocentric and polycentric retail structures exist but decentralized retail structure is even more common in medium-sized MSAs. The distribution of types of retail structure follows regional pattern that indicate historical and political factors as contributing causes.