Isotopic composition of sulfur from sulfates in loess sediments of the North Caucasus and adjacent regions as an indicator of the genesis of salts

Isotopic composition of sulfur from sulfates in loess sediments of the North Caucasus region was studied. It proved to be very homogenous within the vertical soil-loess sequences and in the lateral direction: the δ³⁴S values in the studied samples varied from 7.8 to 8.3‰. The origin of sulfates in the soil-loess sequences is related to their deposition from different sources in solonchaks of the Black Sea-Caspian region with further mixing of sulfur and its eolian transport toward the areas of loess deposition. The gypsiferous horizons of studied soils were formed under the impact of the eluvial-illuvial redistribution of salts deposited from the atmosphere onto the soil surface.     

Semi-empirical model of the rill erosion of soils

Semi-empirical equations for describing the erosive and transporting capacities of low-depth flows with account for their interaction with eroded soil were developed and experimentally and theoretically substantiated. These equations can form the basis for a unified model of rill erosion under irrigation, rainfall, and snowmelt runoff conditions.     

我国烟草病害及抗赤星病育种研究进展

本文介绍了目前我国 烟草病害情况，赤星病病症和防治途径、抗赤星病草育种的现状及对几种育种途径 的评价。     

镉对鲫非特异性免疫力的影响

采用毒性实验方法研究了镉对鲫非特异性免疫力的影响,确定镉诱导免疫毒性效应及其毒性参数。在试验剂量和时间范围内的结果显示,镉对鲫白细胞数量(WBC)、中性粒细胞的吞噬率(PR)和补体50%溶血活性(CH50)均有剂量-效应关系、时间-效应关系和Hormesis现象,1.25mg·kg-1注射染Cd2+胁迫时对WBC、PR和CH50有激活作用,2.5和3.75mg·kg-1注射染Cd2+胁迫时对WBC、PR和CH50有抑制作用;WBC顶点所对应的时间为染Cd2+后4d,PR顶点所对应的时间为染Cd2+后2d,CH50顶点所对应的时间为染Cd2+后1d。所以Cd2+对鲫具有明显的免疫毒性。     

构建高校图书馆复合参考咨询服务体系——以西北农林科技大学图书馆为例

在分析西北农林科技大学各种资源优势的基础上,选择设计了适合我校教学科研的参考咨询服务模型,并预测其发展前景。     

Effects of melatonin on gut motility

AIM: To investigate the influence of melatonin at different concentrations on the gut motility. METHODS: Male C57BL mice were used in the study. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with melatonin at doses of 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg. The colon bead expulsive time was measured at 15 min and 45 min after injection. The melatonin antagonist luzindole at a dose of 5 mg/kg was used before injection of 75mg/kg melatonin. The gut transit time was also recorded with oral Evens blue after injection of melatonin. RESULTS: Compared with control group, melatonin at the dose of 1 mg/kg at 15 min decreased the colon bead expulsive time. However, melatonin at high dose (75 mg/kg) prolonged the colon bead expulsive time compared with the control, which was effectively blocked by melatonin antagonist luzindole. Compared with control group, injection of melatonin at the dose of 5 mg/kg at 45 min decreased the colon bead expulsive time. However, melatonin at high dose (75 mg/kg) prolonged the colon bead expulsive time. No difference of colon bead expulsive time between using 1 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg melatonin was observed. In whole gut transit time test, after injection of melatonin at the doses of 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, the time was decreased. The expulsive time of fecal pellet with Evens blue was shorten as compared with control group. However, the gut transit time was significantly prolonged after high dose of melatonin (75 mg/kg) was used. CONCLUSION: Low dose of melatonin increases while high dose decreases the gut motility. Melatonin antagonist luzindole effectively blocks the latter effect.     

Effect of ROCK1 and ROCK2 silencing by shRNA on hypoxia-induced apoptosis of rat cardiomyocytes

AIM: To investigate the effects of Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase-1 (ROCK1) and ROCK2 on apoptosis induced by hypoxia in rat cardiomyocytes. METHODS: Rat cardiomyocytes were cultured primarily and identified using an antibody targeting α-actin of striated muscle. ROCK1-shRNA and ROCK2-shRNA were transiently transfected into the cells by liposome. After 48 h, these cells were subject to hypoxia for 6 h. The cells were divided into 5 groups: blank control group, hypoxia group, hypoxia+negative control shRNA group, hypoxia+ROCK1-shRNA group and hypoxia+ROCK2-shRNA group. The beating frequency and rhythm of the cardiomyocytes were assessed by microscopy. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell culture supernatants was detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. The cell survival rate was analyzed by the method of MTT. The cell apoptotic rate was assessed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of ROCK1, ROCK2, caspase-3 and p-PI3K. RESULTS: The primary culture of the cardiomyocytes was successful. Western blotting results showed that the transfection of ROCK1-shRNA or ROCK2-shRNA decreased the expression of ROCK1 or ROCK2 in the cardiomyocytes. Hypoxia slowed down the beat frequency of the cardiomyocytes, also made the rhythm disorder. Hypoxia increased the release of LDH and decreased the cell survival rate. Flow cytometry results showed that hypoxia increased the cell apoptotic rate. Hypoxia increased the expression of caspase-3 and decreased the expression of p-PI3K. Transfection of ROCK1-shRNA and ROCK2-shRNA into the cardiomyocytes reduced all the effects of hypoxia mentioned above. CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of ROCK1 and ROCK2 expression suppresses the apoptosis of rat cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia. The mechanism is associated with the inhibition of caspase-3 activation and the up-regulation of p-PI3K expression.     

副猪嗜血杆菌S-核糖基高半胱氨酸酶基因序列分析与推导蛋白三维结构的分子模拟

利用PCR方法获得副猪嗜血杆菌S-核糖基高半胱氨酸酶(luxS)基因全长DNA,将PCR纯化产物与pMD18-T载体连接并转化E.coil DH5α菌株,重组阳性质粒测序并采用生物信息学软件对所推导的氨基酸序列进行三维结构分析。结果表明,该基因全长510bp,并与GenBank中登录的其他5株菌株luxS基因完整参考序列进行比较,同源性均在70%以上。用ExPAsy软件包预测了推导蛋白的特性,运用Swiss-PDB viewer软件的SWISS-Model处理器,并利用同源建模的思想建立HPS-luxS的三维结构。拉马钱德兰图证明,构建的luxS蛋白的空间结构是合理的。     

同时检测猪圆环病毒2型、猪细小病毒和伪狂犬病毒连接酶检测反应-PCR基因芯片检测方法的建立

为快速、灵敏、准确地同时检测和鉴别猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪细小病毒(PPV)和伪狂犬病毒(PRV)的方法,本研究采用连接酶检测反应(LDR)-PCR和基因芯片技术建立一种新型检测方法.首先在3种病毒的保守区内分别设计一对LDR探针,两端各连接一段通用序列,依次进行LDR、通用引物荧光标记扩增和芯片杂交,同时比较引物标记和Cy5 -dCTP标记方法的灵敏度.结果表明该方法可以特异地检测PCV2、PPV和PRV3种病毒,而对牛病毒性腹泻病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、乙型脑炎病毒、猪圆环病毒1型检测结果均为阴性;对3种病毒的最低检测限少于10个拷贝;Cy5-dCTP标记检测的灵敏度显著高于引物标记.利用建立的方法对41例临床样品进行检测,与普通PCR检测结果符合率为97.6％～100％.该方法的建立为基础研究和临床应用提供了技术平台.     

秋季不同时期秋子梨品种及野生类型叶绿素荧光特性研究

以苹香梨、南果梨、寒红梨和寒酥梨4个品种及1个野生类型山梨为试材,依据秋季不同时期温度变化,对叶片叶绿素荧光参数指标进行测定.结果表明:秋季不同时期温度变化对不同梨品种光合系统造成的伤害差异较大;初始荧光参数(Fo)品种因素上差异不显著(P＞0.05),时间因素上差异极显著(P＜0.01),可变荧光参数(Fv)、最大荧光转化效率(Fv/Fm)和最大光能转化潜力(Fv/Fo)品种因素和时间因素上均表现差异极显著(P＜0.01);山梨初始荧光系数Fo呈现连续下降趋势,其它4个品种变化不明显;Fv、Fv/Fm和Fv/ Fo总体表现呈下降趋势,苹香梨、寒红梨、寒酥梨和山梨表现连续下降,南果梨中期升高,而后下降;山梨Fo、Fv、Fv/Fm 和Fv/ Fo各项指标变化降低幅度最大.