奶牛秸秆型日粮矿物质营养水平评价

对淄博地区奶牛营养两次调查过程中,发现秸杆型日粮饲喂的奶牛可能存在矿物质缺乏问题。针对这一问题,测定日粮中钙、磷、铜、锰、铁、锌和奶牛血液中铜、锰、铁、锌元素的浓度,用以评价秸杆型日粮奶牛矿物质营养水平。结果表明:①秸杆型日粮存在矿物质营养不平衡问题,锰、锌元素不足,铁元素过剩。②秸杆型日粮矿物质营养具有互补作用。③评价奶牛矿物质营养水平的手段有待改进。     

标记辅助导入中不同背景选择方法的比较

模拟比较了随机选择、标记值选择及BLUP选择3种背景选择方法在标记辅助导入(利用标记辅助将供体群中的一个有利QTL等位基因导入到受体群中)的选择效果。前景选择是借助与目标基因连锁的两侧标记对目标基因进行间接选择。研究结果表明,在背景选择中,利用标记值选择能使受体基因组很快得到恢复,2个世代的回交就能恢复90%以上,4个世代的回交就能完全恢复。利用BLUP选择虽然不能使受体基因组迅速全部恢复,但能使特定的背景性状得到最大的遗传进展。     

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Zinc-Methionine on Growth Performance and Serum Parameters of Jirong Rabbits

A 45-day growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of 4 concentrations （0, 40, 80, 120 mg·kg^-1 Zinc- Methionine （Zn-Met） supplementation on growth and serum biochemical indexes of Jirong rabbits （60-day-old）. A total of 72 Jirong rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, 3 replicates with 6 rabbits each. The Met value in the basal diet was 0.60%. ADGs of group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly different than that of control, increased by 3.16%, 7.53%, 8.14% during 0-15 days and 7.58%, 15.60%, 15.71% during 16-30 days and 8.27%, 12.43%, 11.44% during 31-45 days （P〈0.05）, but it was not significantly different in ADG among group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ （P〉0.05）. The fur area and the density of hair of groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were not significantly different than that of control （P〉0.05）. The content of serum zinc, AKP, ALB for groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly different than that of control （P〈0.05）. The serum TP and SUN in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and IV were not significantly different than that of control （P〉0.05）. The results show that dietary supplementation of Zn-Met is much more efficient than dietary without Zn-Met for 60-day-old Jirong rabbits.     

Effects of active immunization against myostatin on carcass quality and expression of the myostatin gene in pigs

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of active immunization against myostatin on the titer of myostatin antibody, carcass evaluation, activity of creatine kinase and the expression of the myostatin gene in pigs. Eighteen pigs were allotted into three groups (six pigs per group), and pigs in treatment 1, 2 and 3 were immunized with physiological saline, 1 mg or 4 mg myostatin per pig, respectively. Six pigs were killed by electrical stunning followed by exsanguination at BW of 100 kg. The results indicated that the titer of myostatin antibody was increased in treated groups compared to the control group on day 42 ( P  < 0.01) and d 84 ( P  < 0.01). The carcass lean percentage was significantly increased in the treatment groups compared to the control group ( P  < 0.01), and intramuscular fat was significantly decreased in the 4 mg group compared to the control group ( P  < 0.05). The muscle creatine kinase activity of pigs treated with 1 mg and 4 mg myostatin was lower than the control group. The immunization of myostatin signofocantly decreased the myostatin gene expression levels in muscle. It was concluded that optimal active immunization against myostatin could increase the content of myostatin antibody, suppress the activity of creatine kinase and the expression of myostatin gene, and therefore improve the carcass lean percentage for pigs.     

乘积FC-空间中有关FCB-优化映象组的极大元问题

利用FC-空间中的有关FCB-映象和FCs-优化映象的极大元存在性定理,在乘积FC-空间中建立和证明了几个有较好容许性质的FCB-映象组和FCB-优化映象组的极大元存在性定理.     

杂交玉米地膜育苗定向栽培技术研究

玉米地膜育苗定向栽培技术能增产1 575 kg/hm2,增收2 076元/hm2,解决了玉米一播全苗的问题.通过试验和示范,形成了集成技术体系,为大面积推广提供了技术支撑.     

Effect of rhynchophylline on TGF-β1/Smad pathway for processing ventricular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of rhynchophylline (Rhy) on blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into model group, high dose (10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) and low dose (2.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group of rhynchophylline, captopril group (17.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as normal control. Respectively, systolic blood pressure was measured by tail cuff every 2 weeks. After 10 weeks, heart weight index and left ventricular weight index were calculated. The myocardial hydroxyproline and plasma angiotensin Ⅱ were detected. Moreover, basic myocardial histopathological changes and myocardial collagen fibres were observed by HE staining and Masson staining, respectively. The protein expression of TGF-β₁ and Smad3 in the myocardium was measured by the methods of immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with SHR model group, Rhy significantly reduced blood pressure (P<0.05), the levels of HYP in the myocardium (P<0.05) and the levels of AngⅡ in the plasma (P<0.01). The pathological damages of the myocardial tissues and collagen deposition were attenuated. The protein expression of TGF-β₁ and Smad3 was significantly reduced by the treatment with Rhy (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Rhynchophylline reduces blood pressure and adjusts to improve ventricular remodeling of SHR. The mechanism may be involved in the TGF-β₁/Smad pathway and reducing AngⅡ content.     

Effects of eplerenone on expression and activity of aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase in hypertensive rats induced by high-salt intake

AIM: To explore the effects of eplerenone on the expression and activity of aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) in high salt-induced hypertensive rats.METHODS: Male Wistar rats(4 week old, weighting 50～60 g) were randomly divided into control group, high-salt diet group and eplerenone group. The rats in control group were fed with ordinary rodent animal diet, the rats in high-salt group and eplerenone group were exposed to 5% salt diet for 16 weeks and administrated with the same dosage of saline or eplerenone(40 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) by gavage for 4 weeks, respectively. Systolic blood pressure(SBP) was measured by tail-cuff every 2 weeks. The rats were sacrificed after 16 weeks and the thoracic aorta was collected. The aldosterone content in the aorta was measured by ELISA. The protein levels of mineralocorticoid receptor(MR) and eNOS were determined by Western blot. The activitie of constitutive NOS(cNOS) was measured by chemocolorimetry. The protein localization of eNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) and MR was observed by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: A process of 8-week high-salt diet increased SBP gradually. SBP in the rats exposure to high salt for 16 weeks was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05). After 4 weeks of eplerenone treatment, SBP in the rats was significantly lower than that before treatment(P<0.05). Compared with control group, the aldosterone content in the aorta were significantly increased in high-salt diet group and eplerenone group(P<0.05), the expression level of MR also increased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with control group, both eNOS protein expression(P<0.05) and cNOS activity in high-salt diet group were significantly decreased(P<0.05). The protein expression of eNOS as well as cNOS activity in aorta increased significantly in eplerenone group compared with high-salt diet group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Aldosterone content in aorta of high-salt-induced hypertensive rats increases significantly. Aldosterone attenuates the protein expression of eNOS and reduces the enzyme activity through the activation of mineralocorticoid receptor. The selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone enhances the protein expression of eNOS and its activity, thereby improves eNOS function.     

基于因子分析的核桃品质综合评价研究

为从众多核桃品质的评价指标中找到主导的影响因子,达到用最少的指标获取最多核桃品质信息的目的,试验以赫章8个单株核桃为试材,通过对表征核桃物理化学特性的12项指标进行测定,利用因子分析,对众多指标进行降维处理,找出少数几个影响核桃品质的主导因子。结果表明:12项原始指标归属为3个相互独立的公因子,累计方差贡献率达到85.960%,其中,出仁率和壳厚度是重要的核桃品质的物理指标,蛋白质含量是重要的化学品质评价指标。核桃的理化品质与亲缘关系之间有一定的联系,利用因子分析结果进行聚类分析发现,1、5、6号核桃理化品质相似,可能具有较近的亲缘关系。4、7、8号单株单独成为3类,说明可能与其它单株的亲缘关系较远。研究结果可在一定程度为核桃资源的品质鉴定、优株鉴选、分类及亲缘关系的确定等提供理论依据。     

稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)根型ppc基因对水稻的遗传转化及其对光合速率的调节效应

稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)是稻田中的C4光合型杂草,为了探索稗草ppc基因(Eppc)对水稻遗传转化的可行性及其对光合速率的调节效应,首次将含有稗草根型磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PEPC)基因ppc c DNA的2个植物表达载体p Ubi-Eppc、p Rbc S-Eppc通过农杆菌介导法对水稻进行了遗传转化。对分化植株进行的PCR、RT-PCR、克隆测序和Western杂交等结果均表明稗草ppc基因已经整合到了水稻基因组中,并且在转录和翻译水平都得到了表达。转基因水稻PEPC活性和气体交换参数测定结果表明T0代多数植株的PEPC活性高于对照,最高达到了对照的5.85倍;T0代大多数转基因植株叶片的净光合速率(Pn)比对照提高了20.00%,最大地提高了47.16%,同时叶片水分利用效率(WUE)也得到增强;T6代大部分转化植株的PEPC活性及Pn仍保持高于对照,本研究表明C3根型ppc基因过量表达也可以提高水稻的Pn,且证明稗草PEPC对光合作用具有较强的调节作用。