母猪卧向行为学的观察

本文通过2个试验对母猪在分娩圈和分娩栏中的卧向行为进行了观察，试验一中，选择10头大白（Yorkshire）经产母猪作为观察对象，试验二中分别选择10头大白（Yorkshire）经产母猪和10头长白（Landrace）经产母猪作为观察对象。观察采用瞬时记录方法，每周观察三次，隔日观察，每天上午、下午各观察一次，每次3h，每次观察间隔5min。观察中发现，母猪卧向以向外为主。分娩栏（四周是栏杆）中的母猪以选择卧向外（向北）为主，其次是卧向内（向南），卧向左和卧向右最少且差异不显著，上栏前和下栏后差异不显著。分娩圈（四周是墙壁）中母猪以选择卧向外为主，卧向内最少，卧向左和卧向右差异不显著。长白母猪比大白母猪选择卧向外的多，妊娠阶段比哺乳阶段选择卧向外的多。     

喹赛多及其主要代谢物在猪体内的药代动力学研究

试验研究了灌服单剂量喹赛多(40 mg/kg体重)后原药及其代谢物在健康猪体内的药代动力学特征。液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆中喹赛多及其代谢物的浓度,通过WinNonlin 5.2药代动力学软件分析,用非房室模型统计矩原理计算喹赛多及其代谢产物的药动学参数。主要药动学参数分别为喹赛多:t_1/2 (7.52±1.77) h,C_max(0.02±0.01) μg/mL,AUC_{(0-36 h)} (0.26±0.24) (h·μg)/mL,MRT(11.37±3.21) h;N1(脱一氧喹赛多):t_1/2 (3.05±1.12) h,C_max(0.35±0.18) μg/mL,AUC_{(0-36 h)} (2.13±2.31) (h·μg)/mL,MRT(11.83±3.34) h。N4(脱一氧喹赛多):t_1/2 (2.91±1.15) h,C_max(0.60±0.32) μg/mL,AUC_{(0-36 h)} (3.78±4.28) (h·μg)/mL,MRT(11.00±2.86) h。脱二氧喹赛多:t_1/2 (3.85±1.30) h,C_max(0.46±0.19) μg/mL,AUC_{(0-36 h)} (4.21±2.47) (h·μg)/mL,MRT(13.35±2.65) h。QCA(喹口恶啉-2-羧酸):t_1/2 (5.08±0.57) h,C_max(0.25±0.11) μg/mL,AUC_{(0-36 h)} (3.05±1.46) (h·μg)/mL,MRT(15.15±1.83)h。结果表明,血浆中主要存在形式为代谢物,各代谢物的血药浓度及AUC_(0-∞)均高于喹赛多,喹赛多消除半衰期最长,QCA平均滞留时间最长。     

禽流感病毒重组核蛋白ELISA诊断技术的研究

用表达禽流感病毒（ＡＩＶ）核蛋白基因的杆状病毒感染Ｓｆ９昆虫细胞。以其表达产物制备抗原,建立了以杆状病毒系统表达的ＡＩＶ核蛋白为抗原的禽流感间接酶联免疫吸附试验诊断技术（ｒＮＰ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）。其抗原最适包被量为０．６μｇ／孔,等检血清最适稀释度为１：２００,酶标抗体使用浓度为１：１０００。根据对１４０份ＳＰＦ鸡血清检测结果的统计分析,确定其判定标准为ＯＤ均为阴性;检测Ａ型ＡＩＶ１５个不同亚型（Ｈ１￣Ｈ１５）毒株的特异性血清均为阳性;对人工接种ＡＩＶ的ＳＰＦ鸡第３天即能检出抗体,到第１６２天试验结束时检测仍为阳性。其批内和批间重复试验的变异系数分别在２．９％￣７．２％和３．４％￣９．８％之间。对３１３８份鸡血清进行监测,ｒＮＰ－ＥＬＩＳＡ与全病毒间接ＥＬＩＳＡ与全病毒间接ＥＬＩＳＡ（ＡＩＶ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）、琼脂扩散     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NVDC-JXA1株膜基质蛋白单克隆抗体的研制

为制备抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NVDC-JXA1株单克隆抗体,用纯化的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NVDC-JXA1株免疫BALB/c小鼠,最后一次免疫后第3天取其脾细胞与SP2/0细胞在聚乙二醇作用下融合,通过酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）筛选,以有限稀释法克隆3次,制备单克隆抗体,并对制备的单克隆抗体进行鉴定。结果表明获得了2株分泌PRRSV膜基质蛋白特异性抗体的杂交瘤细胞,命名为1D12、5H5,经鉴定其抗体亚型分别为IgG2b、IgM,2株均为κ链,腹水ELISA效价分别为1∶107和1∶105。该单克隆抗体与PRV、PPV、PCV、CSFV、JEV无交叉反应。作者成功制备了抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NVDC-JXA1株膜基质蛋白单克隆抗体,为进一步建立相关诊断方法奠定了基础。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌和猪圆环病毒2型二重实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

以胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(App)apx ⅣA基因和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF2基因为靶基因,分别设计特异性引物和探针,建立App和PCV-2的二重荧光PCR方法。App引物扩增的目的片段大小为132bp,PCV-2为169bp。建立的方法可在同一反应体系中同时对App和PCV-2进行定量检测鉴别,其敏感性分别为1×101拷贝和1×100拷贝,对其他猪病病原核酸的检测为阴性。利用该方法对10份人工感染临床样品进行检测试验,其结果符合率达100%,说明该方法可用于对临床样品中App和PCV-2的检测。     

营养介导的TOR信号传导研究进展

TOR(target of rapamycin)是一种结构和功能高度保守的蛋白激酶,它能够通过整合营养、能量、生长因子等信号调节细胞的增殖、体积增大及细胞周期进程。作者综述了TOR激酶的上下游信号传导途径及氨基酸和能量等营养状况对这些信号传导通路和细胞生长的影响,为探讨营养调控体蛋白合成的机制及精准营养供给技术的建立提供宝贵的理论基础和开创性思路。     

Effect of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Intestinal Structure of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on growth performance,immune function and intestinal structure of broilers. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy Tiejiaoma broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Control group was fed with the basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed with basal diet adding 8% flavomycin 60 mg/kg +15% aureomycin 270 mg/kg and group Ⅲ was fed with basal diet adding 1% Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The trial period lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follow:① At 21 days of age,the average daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the average daily gain and F/G among the three groups (P>0.05).②At 21 days of age,the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indexes of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05);But the spleen index were not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the content of IgA and IgM in serum of groups Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IgG in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05).④At 21 days of age,the content of IL-2,TNF-α and sIgA in intestinal mucosa of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IL-6 in intestinal mucosa of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).⑤At 21 days of age,the villus height of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),the villus height/crypt depth of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). However,the crypt depth was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).In conclusion,that Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara could not affect the growth performance of broilers,but it could improve the development of immune organs,increase the secretion of serum immunoglobulin, promote the immune function of intestinal mucosa and intestinal morphology of jejunum.     

橙皮素对金黄葡萄球菌α-溶血素表达的抑制作用

α-溶血素在金黄葡萄球菌的致病过程中发挥着不可或缺的作用。本研究采用最小抑茵浓度测定、茵液上清溶血活性以及α-溶血素含量测定、荧光定量PCR及细胞毒性的测定等相关试验验证了橙皮素对金黄葡萄球菌α-溶血素表达的影响。结果显示,无抗茵活性的橙皮素在较低质量浓度下即可抑制金黄葡萄球菌α-溶血素的表达及其编码基因的转录,是-种潜在的以毒力因子为靶标的前导化合物,并可进一步开发用于抗金黄葡萄球茵感染。     

家禽病毒性免疫抑制病的分析与对策

免疫抑制引起免疫失败及对病原的易感性增加，是目前乃至今后威胁家禽健康的最危险的潜在因素之一。作者阐述与讨论了几种目前常见的家禽病毒性免疫抑制病的概念、免疫抑制机理及防制措施，以此引起同行对该病的进一步重视。     

用纳米红色元素硒生产富硒鸡蛋的研究

硒是人体必不可少的微量营养元素,具有营养和修补心肌、清除体内自由基、延缓衰老、调节人体微循环系统的功能。人体内的硒主要来源于食物中,但我国约有2/3的地区属缺硒地区,全国70%的人口在贫硒地区生活,这些地区人们食物中硒含量严重缺乏,不足以维持人体的正常需求,补硒成为保障健康、预防疾病的重要措施。鸡蛋是最普通