Evaluating the probiotic potential and adhesion characteristics of Bacillus spp. isolated from the intestine of Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski

Probiotics have been widely used in aquaculture worldwide especially in China as antibiotics have been banned in aquaculture. In the present study, 27 potential strains were isolated from Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski intestinal tract towards the assessment of their probiotic potential. Two potential probiotics were finally screened from the 27 candidate strains according to the results of enzyme-producing ability, in vitro against pathogens ability and antibiotic sensitivity test. The 2 potential probiotics were identified and confirmed on the basis of their colony morphology, biochemical characteristics, and 16S rRNA sequencing. The probiotic strains, LSG2-3–2 and LSG3-6, were identified to be Bacillus methylotrophicus and B. tequilensis, respectively. Further studies showed that LSG2-3–2 and LSG3-6 had excellent tolerance to high temperature (80℃), low pH (3–5), bile salts (0.3%), intestinal juice (10%), and gastric juice (0.5%). The adhesion rates of LSG2-3–2 and LSG3-6 in the in vitro intestinal mucosal adhesion model were 17.74% and 24.04%, respectively. Analysis of their bacteria surface adhesive proteins revealed that the lectins on the bacterial surface of LSG2-3–2 and LSG3-6 were mainly protein and glycoprotein properties, respectively. The adhesion receptor components in the mucus proteins of the two strains were all protein properties. The results of the inhibitory adhesion test indicated that LSG3-6 had a higher inhibitory effect on Aeromonas hydrophila and LSG2-3–2 had a better inhibitory effect on A. veronii. The biosafety assay confirmed that the isolates were not pathogenic to the host fish. Based on the presently observed characteristic features, it can be concluded that LSG2-3–2 (B. methylotrophicus) and LSG3-6 (B. tequilensis) retrieved from the digestive tract of R. lagowskii can be used for the healthy breeding and disease prevention of R. lagowskii.

     

腌制和储藏条件对僵直前鸡肉功能特性的影响

对僵直前、后鸡肉功能杼性进行研究。宰后将58只鸡分成僵直前和僵直后两组,僵直前组的鸡肉在宰后添加NaCl溶液,然后分成3组,分别在0℃的条件下冷冻3d（T1）、-20℃冷冻3d（T2）和-20℃冷冻10d（T3）。僵直后组的肌肉（C1）在0℃条件下放3d,然后添加同量的食盐。将所有组分分成含脂肪处理组（C1—2,T1—2,T2—2,T3—2）和无脂肪处理组（C1—1,T1—1,T2—1,T3—1）。结果表明,无论在哪种储存条件下,T1、T2和T3的最终pH值、保水性和蛋白溶解度显著高于C1组,但是C1组的蒸煮损失高于T1、T2和T3。加入脂肪致使蒸煮损失有所增加,同时蛋白溶解性有所降低。另外,T1—1的弹性、粘着性、粘性和咀嚼性显著高于C1—1、T2—1和T3—1;T2—2显著高于C1—2、T1—2和T3—2。     

Partial and total replacement of fishmeal with poultry by-product meal in diets for gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch

Triplicate groups of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch (initial body weight: 4.89 g) were fed for 8 weeks at 24.8–30.8°C with nine isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets. The control diet (F1) used white fishmeal (FM) as the sole protein source. In the other eight diets (F2–F9), 40.5–100% of FM protein was substituted by poultry by‐product meal (PBM) at 8.5% increments. The specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein retention efficiency and energy retention rate for fish fed PBM diets (F2–F9) were all higher, but not always significantly, than those for fish fed F1. All apparent digestibility coefficients for fish fed PBM diets were lower than those for fish fed F1. Fish fed F1 had a significantly higher hepatosomatic index value than fish fed PBM diets (P<0.05). No significant (P>0.05) effect of diet was found in whole‐body moisture and fat content. Whole‐body protein and energy content for fish fed PBM diets were slightly higher than that for fish fed F1. The optimal replacement level of FM by PBM was estimated by second‐order polynomial regression to be 66.5% in protein.     

千屈菜植株耐盐性初步研究

用NaCl溶液5种不同质量浓度浇灌盆栽千屈菜植株,以自来水为对照,测定了千屈菜叶片的电导率、叶绿素总含量、生长高度指标.结果表明:NaCl质量浓度为900,1100mg/L与对照在电导率、叶绿素总含量和生长高度3项指标无差异;1400,1700,2000mg/L与对照之间差异极显著.千屈菜耐NaCl临界质量浓度为1700mg/L,表明千屈菜是较耐NaCl强的植物之一.     

乳山湾东流区海水营养盐消长与盐度的关系

利用数理统计的方法，对乳山湾东流区６－９月间的水化学，水文和生物观测数据进行处理，结果表明６－９月间硝酸盐与盐度有着极显著的负相关关系，６月和９月亚硝酸盐和氮氨与盐度呈显著性相关，而７月和８月养殖高峰期间呈弱相关关系。     

虾塘沉积物—水界面的营养盐扩散通量及其在养殖季节的变化

以自行设计的方法测定了对虾养殖环境中沉积物-水界面的营养盐扩散通量。结果表明，营养盐自底质向养殖水体的扩散贯穿于整个对虾养殖季节；该扩散通量的最大值出现在养殖后期的有机质污染区，即投铒区；在污染区，养殖后期的扩散通量大大高于养殖前期，但在非污染区却未见其随养殖季节的明显差异；污染区的扩散通量始终高于非污染区，且随养殖时间的推移，该差异逐渐增大。此外，还比较了新、旧虾塘之间的营养盐扩散通量的差异。初步探讨了底质溶出营养盐对对虾养殖环境的影响。     

应用模型试验法推算电渔法电流场的研究

捕鱼电场的测量是电渔法研究中的重要工作之一，其可为改进电极分布及决定电压、电流和功率等参数提供依据。本文介绍了一种模型试验法，经对模型电流场的测量，就可推算出实物电流场的所有参数，而毋需进行实物电流场的测量。本文先从理论上推导出实物场与模型场之间的换算关系，然后以试验结果证实了模型试验法的正确性。     

Partial fishmeal replacement by mussel meal or meat and bone meal in low‐fishmeal diets for juvenile Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis): Growth,digestibility, antioxidant capacity and IGF‐I gene expression

This study evaluated the effects of replacing fishmeal with mussel meal or meat and bone meal in low‐FM diet on growth performance, body composition, digestibility, antioxidant capacity and IGF‐I gene expression in juvenile Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis). The results showed that no significant changes in SGR, FE and PER were observed between MM₄₀ and LFM groups, but significantly reduced result was found in MBM₄₀ group. MM₄₀ group showed the higher ADC of lipid (93.30%) and lipase activity (95.00 U/gprot) than LFM group (90.97%; 70.18 U/gprot). MM₄₀ or MBM₄₀ diets led to significant reduction of SOD and CAT activities. MM₄₀ group showed significantly higher MDA level (5.84 nmol/mg) than LFM group (4.73 nmol/mg). The activities of LZM decreased significantly in MM₄₀ and MBM₄₀ groups compared with LFM group. MM₄₀ and MBM₄₀ groups showed no significant difference in hepatic IGF‐I gene expression levels compared with LFM group. The findings demonstrated that MM could substitute 400 g/kg of FM in low‐FM diet for Ussuri catfish without influencing the growth, but to some extent, spontaneous oxidative stress and immune damage could occur; when 400 g/kg of FM was replaced by MBM, significantly negative effects were observed on growth, antioxidant capacity and non‐specific immune response of Ussuri catfish.     

一个金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白磷酸酯酶基因的克隆表达及酶活性测定

金黄色葡萄球菌是一种引起人畜多种感染的主要病原菌,开发治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染的新药途径之一是药物寻靶。研究克隆了一个金黄色葡萄球菌基因,并进行了蛋白诱导表达和酶活性测定。结果表明,该基因编码的蛋白具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酯酶活性。实验结果为进一步挖掘该蛋白作为药物靶标的潜在功能奠定了基础。     

浅谈沥青混合料搅拌设备选型问题

通过对目前各种沥青搅拌设备性能的比较和分析,确认设备选型的方法。