江苏省扬泰地区犬细小病毒分子流行病学调查

犬细小病毒（CPV）自1978年被首次分离到以来,已由CPV-2演化出CPV-2a、CPV-2b和CPV-2c 3种新抗原型。为了解江苏省扬泰地区的CPV分子特征和基因型,2015年5月至2016年12月在扬州和泰州地区宠物医院,根据患病犬临床症状以及CPV快速检测试纸条初步诊断结果,收集可疑病例的肛门棉拭子或粪便作为检测样品,扩增样本中CPV的VP2基因片段并对扩增产物进行测序和分析。结果显示：在48份样品中,4份被鉴定为CPV-2型,24份被鉴定为CPV-2a型,20份被鉴定为CPV-2b型,并未发现CPV-2c型。结果表明,该期间CPV-2a 型与CPV-2b型成为扬泰州地区的优势基因型,需开展这些新基因型的深入研究和防控。     

肉牛同期发情效果影响因素的研究

[目的]为了研究同期发情处理方法、繁殖状况、品种、体重等对肉牛同期发情效果的影响,[方法]选择140头不同繁殖状况、品种、体重的肉牛,随机分为3组,分别采用CIDR+第10天肌注PMSG+第11天肌注PGF_2α（埋栓Ⅰ组）、CIDR+第9天肌注PMSG+第11天肌注PGF_2α（埋栓Ⅱ组）、肌注PGF_2α+PMSG(PGF_2α组)的方法进行同期发情处理。[结果]3种不同处理方法相比,PGF_2α组发情率为87.10%,埋栓Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组母牛发情率分别为97.83%、98.41%,显著高于PGF_2α组（P<0.05）;PGF_2α组处理牛受胎率为83.87%,埋栓Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组处理牛受胎率分别为89.13%、84.13%,高于PGF_2α组,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;育成牛与经产牛发情时间相比,埋栓组12～24 h内出现发情症状的经产牛占比为27.27%,育成牛占比为60%,显著高于经产牛（P<0.05）,2...     

四种新烟碱类杀虫剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性及初级风险评估

采用饲喂管法和点滴法,分别测定了吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、啶虫脒4种原药及其制剂对意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂的急性毒性,并采用危害商值(HQ)法进行了初级风险评价。结果表明:饲喂管法测得97.3%吡虫啉原药、25%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、96%噻虫嗪原药、30%噻虫嗪悬浮剂、97%噻虫胺原药、5%噻虫胺可湿性粉剂、96%啶虫脒原药及40%啶虫脒可溶性粉剂的经口毒性48 hLD50值分别为有效成分8.04×10-3、9.46×10-3、7.04×10-3、4.64×10-3、11.8×10-3、5.25×10-3、5.22和6.31μg/蜂;点滴法测得各药剂的接触毒性48 h-LD50值分别为有效成分2.46×10-2、1.33×10-2、3.63×10-2、9.27×10-3、1.52×10-2、2.21×10-2、5.82和5.07μg/蜂。按《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》的毒性等级划分标准,啶虫脒原药及其可溶性粉剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性均为中等毒,其他6种药剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性均为高毒;根据危害商值(HQ),啶虫脒对蜜蜂为低风险,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺对蜜蜂均存在高风险。     

鸡新城疫病毒强毒Q-BS株的分离与鉴定

从2003年10月至2004年6月,在河北、辽宁、山东等地区鸡群中大规模发生以神经症状、肠道出血为主的流行性疾病。本文对从河北省某AA肉鸡场的病死鸡中分离的病毒毒株,经过实验室的系统鉴定,证实该分离株具有血凝性,且可被ND标准阳性血清所抑制和中和,不能被AI(H5亚型与H9亚型)标准阳性血清及阴性血清抑制;该分离株的毒价为109.3ELD50/0.1ml,MDT为57.6h,ICPI为1.89,IVPI为2.62,回归试验鸡的临床表现与自然病例基本一致。试验结果证明,该毒株属于嗜神经型新城疫病毒强毒株,并命名为Q-BS株。     

60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森联水分散粒剂防治猕猴桃褐斑病田间药效试验

2017年开展的60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森联水分散粒剂防治猕猴桃褐斑病田间药效试验,结果表明,该药剂对猕猴桃灰霉病有很好的防治效果,于叶片发病初期使用有效剂量400~600mg/kg,连续茎叶喷雾2次,10d后防治效果达75%~83%,试验剂量下对猕猴桃树生长安全。     

柑桔黄龙病菌在贡柑叶片中的分布分析

2017年11月在广东省仁化县4个感染柑桔黄龙病的贡柑园中采叶片样品,进行常规PCR和实时荧光定量PCR检测,从不同病症叶片、典型症状叶片不同部位、初期感病树不同部位(正常和显症)叶片等3个方面分析了贡柑叶片中黄龙病菌"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus"(CLas)的分布情况。结果表明,叶片斑驳黄化症和均匀黄化症是与黄龙病最相关的症状,CLas含量很高;缺锌黄化症,具有黄龙病阳性与阴性两类样品;无明显黄化但呈革质化的叶片,CLas含量高。在斑驳黄化与均匀黄化叶片中,CLas的含量从叶尖到叶柄、从叶片到主叶脉呈现递增趋势,即以主叶脉与叶柄的含量更高。初期感病树未显症的部位也会检出黄龙病菌。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of nucleotides from late gestation to lactation on the performance and oxidative stress status of sows and their offspring

Increased metabolic burdens in breeding sows, which are induced by elevated systemic oxidative stress, could increase the need for nucleotides to repair lymphocyte DNA damage; however, de novo synthesis of nucleotides may be insufficient to cover this increased need. This study investigated the effects of dietary nucleotides on milk composition, oxidative stress status, and the reproductive and lactational performance of sows. Forty multiparous sows were assigned to 2 dietary treatments (Control group, and 1 g/kg Nucleotides group) based on a randomized complete block design using their BW at 85 d of gestation as a block. Sows from 2 groups were fed a restricted diet during gestation and ad libitum during lactation. The experiment lasted from 85 d of gestation to 21 d of lactation. The reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of suckling piglets were measured. Oxidative stress parameters and milk components were also analysed. Data were analyzed using contrasts in the MIXED procedure of SAS. Sows in the Nucleotides group consumed more feed during the first week (P < 0.01) and from 1 to 21 d (P < 0.05) of lactation than those in Control group. Correspondingly, the litter weight gain of piglets showed a tendency to increase from cross-fostering to 9 d (P = 0.09) and from cross-fostering to 20 d (P = 0.10) in the Nucleotides group relative to the Control group. Additionally, the Nucleotides group was higher (P < 0.01) than the Control group in the concentrations of uridine 5''monophosphate, guanosine 5''monophosphate, inosine 5''monophosphate, adenosine 5''monophosphate and total nucleotides in milk. Furthermore, the Nucleotides group was higher (P < 0.01) than the Control group in the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.01) for sows at 109 d of gestation and glutathione peroxidase for weaning piglets, but lower at the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (P < 0.05) in serum of weaning piglets. This study indicated that maternal dietary nucleotides could promote piglet growth, probably due to the higher lactational feed intake and higher concentration of nucleotides in the milk of sows, and lower oxidative stress for both sows and piglets.     

考察欧洲犬业的收获

8月23日至9月12日,笔者随公安部刑事侦察局一行30人赴欧洲五国进行警犬技术应用培训和工作访问。经过21天的考察和学习,对欧洲犬业有了比较全面的了解,受益匪浅,深受启发。下面浅谈几点感想,仅代表个人观点。一、对欧洲犬业的评价(一)历史悠久人类驯养家犬的历史最早可以追溯到     

Application of quantum dot-antibody conjugates for detection of sulfamethazine residue in chicken muscle tissue

A new indirect competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (cFLISA) method for the detection of sulfamethazine (SM2) in chicken muscle tissue was demonstrated using quantum dots (QDs) as the fluorescence label coupled with secondary antibody. The sensitivity of the cFLISA was compared with that of the HPLC method. The 50% inhibition value (IC50) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the cFLISA were 7.7 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. When SM2 was spiked at levels of 50, 100, and 200 ng/g, recoveries ranged from 80.6% to 117.4%, with a coefficient of variation of 6.9-9.6%. In the incurred sample analysis, the amounts of SM2 quantified by cFLISA were similar to the results obtained by the HPLC method. This study shows that cFLISA could be used as a screening method in practice.     

黄土丘陵区不同下垫面降雨产流与蓄水窖工艺技术

在山西洪洞建立了农膜、公路、农田小路、农田下垫面产流场，对不同下垫面的降雨产流量及蓄水窖主要工艺技术体系进行了研究。结果表明：在观测的27次降雨中，在同一坡度、同一降雨量条件下，不同下垫面的产流量存在较大差异。农膜、公路、农田小路和农田下垫面的产流量分别占总降雨量的81.4％、73.6％、41.6％、2.7%。表明前三者均有较好的集水效果，而农田产流效果较差。研究提出的蓄水窖主要工艺技术体系经大面积示范收到了较好的效果。