药浴暴露下阿维菌素在异育银鲫体内蓄积和消除规律

采用UPLC-MS/MS法研究了2μg·L-1三次连续水体药浴和6μg·L-1一次性水体药浴条件下阿维菌素在水体中消除、在异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)体内蓄积和消除变化规律。结果显示,两种药浴暴露方式下阿维菌素在水体中消除呈一级指数衰退消除,消除半衰期(t1/2)均为63 h,240 h时浓度下降到0.5μg·L-1以下。阿维菌素在异育银鲫血浆和肌肉中的含量均呈先升高后下降的趋势,血浆中药物浓度远高于肌肉中的含量。2μg·L-1连续三次药浴组和6μg·L-1一次药浴组血药峰浓度(Cmax)分别为34.97、66.62μg·L-1,其曲线下面积(AUC0-t)分别为9 871.2μg·L-1·h和18 119.6μg·L-1·h;两组药浴肌肉中达峰浓度分别4.42μg·kg-1和15.80μg·kg-1,其AUC0-t分别为641.9μg·kg-1·h和4 271.0μg·kg-1·h。与2μg·L-1连续三次药浴组相比,6μg·L-1一次药浴组阿维菌素在血浆和肌肉中的蓄积作用更加显著。以10μg·kg-1作为阿维菌素在异育银鲫肌肉中最大残留限量,选择95%的置信区间计算异育银鲫肌肉组织中休药期,本研究中2μg·L-1连续三次药浴组肌肉的休药期为295.4 h,6μg·L-1一次药浴组肌肉的休药期为454.5 h。     

缢蛏表型性状对体质量和软体部重的影响效应分析

采用相关分析和通径分析这两种方法,来研究缢蛏的表型形态性状对体质量和软体部重的影响。随机抽取缢蛏100只,分别测定其壳长(X_1)、壳宽(X_2)、壳高(X_3)、体质量(Y_1)和软体部重(Y_2)5项贝壳表型性状参数,并分别计算了各表型性状间的相关系数,以及表型性状作为自变量,对体质量和软体部重作为因变量的通径系数和决定系数。结果表明,通过缢蛏表型性状间的相关分析对两性状间的关系进行明确的定量,有利于制定合理的多性状选择方案,为缢蛏选育提供理想的测度指标。     

日本米虾胚胎发育及离体孵化

本研究采用自制离体孵化装置,对日本米虾(Caridina japonica)不同发育期胚胎进行离体孵化研究,结果显示,水温为25.5℃时,日本米虾受精卵孵化大约需要25 d,发育积温为637.5℃。胚胎发育历经受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、前无节幼体期、后无幼体期、前溞状幼体期和膜内溞状幼体期8个时期。各期离体胚胎均能孵化出幼体,膜内溞状幼体期离体胚胎孵化率最高,为(80.7±2.4)%,非离体孵化的对照组为(79.1±4.9)%,二者差异不显著;卵裂期离体胚胎孵化率最低,为(28.2±2.6)%,与对照组差异显著。各组离体胚胎所孵化出的Ⅰ期(ZⅠ)和Ⅱ期溞状幼体(ZⅡ)的变态率无显著差异。温度对日本米虾前溞状幼体期胚胎离体孵化影响显著,在15.0℃~32.5℃范围内,随水温升高孵化时间逐渐缩短,15.0℃时,前溞状幼体离体孵化时间为(436.8±124.8) h,32.5℃时缩短至(228.0±88.8) h,但温度高于29.0℃时,孵化出的幼体变态率开始下降。本研究可为日本米虾繁殖生物学及甲壳动物胚胎离体孵化技术研究提供参考。     

Cloning, characterization and expression of the LECT2 gene in grass carp

An expressed sequence tag of grass carp leukocyte cell–derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) gene was screened from an established intestinal cDNA library. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends gave rise to a full-length LECT2 cDNA (gcLECT2) with a complete open-reading frame of 474 bp, encoding 158 amino acids about 17.9 kDa. Homology search and sequence alignment showed that this deduced protein sequence shared a high identity with LECT2 from other vertebrates. Western blotting indicated immunological cross-reactivity occurs between grass carp and human LECT2 protein. This gcLECT2 genomic sequence is 1,868 bp in size, which consists of five exons and four introns. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that gcLECT2 gene is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues of healthy grass carp including brain, gut, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle and heart, while the expression levels were significantly increased in liver and spleen followed by Aeromonas salmonicida infection. 992 bp 5′-flanking region sequence was cloned and analyzed, where one CAAT box and one GC island were found. Our results showed that the LECT2 is suggested to be most possibly involved in the grass carp’s immune response.     

基于转录组测序技术挖掘长吻鮠生长关键基因

为挖掘我国名优鱼类长吻鮠 (Leiocassis longirostris)生长相关基因,本研究运用Illumina高通量测序技术比较分析了快速生长组[平均体质量为(534.02±53.68) g]和缓慢生长组[平均体质量为(108.41±4.96) g]各9尾长吻鮠的脑组织基因表达谱。测序共获得267 404 674个高质量测序片段(clean reads),通过2种不同生长速率长吻鮠脑组织转录组比较筛选出518个差异表达基因,其中,412 个基因表达量上调,106个基因表达量下调。对12个差异表达基因进行实时荧光定量PCR验证的结果与转录组测序结果一致。GO功能分类显示,大量差异表达基因富集到生长(growth)、生长因子活性(growth factor activity)和激素介导的信号通路(hormone-mediated signaling pathway) GO条目中。KEGG富集分析显示,一些差异表达基因在MAPK信号通路(MAPK signaling pathway)、转化生长因子β信号通路(TGF-beta signaling pathway)、钙离子信号通路(calcium signaling pathway)和神经活性配体–受体相互作用(neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction)等途径中富集。根据GO功能注释和KEGG富集分析,筛选出gnrh、thr、egr1、fgf18、sst、gipr、cart和crf等基因是调控长吻鮠生长发育的关键候选基因。本研究结果为后续深入研究长吻鮠生长调控机制提供了重要的参考资料。     

吕四渔场近岸海域水质和沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)的分布特征

采用气相色谱测定了吕四渔场水质和沉积物样品中的多氯联苯(PCBs),并分析了其分布特征。结果显示,吕四渔场水质和沉积物中的PCBs平面分布特征为南部近岸高,而北部近岸较外海低,调查海域PCBs含量有逐年升高的趋势。水质中以低氯代PCBs同族体为主,沉积物中以高氯代PCBs同族体为主,含6个氯原子的PCBs在水中和沉积物中含量都比较高。为了削减PCBs对环境和人类的危害,我们要加强控制、管理、研究和合作。     

珠三角地区密养淡水鱼塘水质状况分析与评价

池塘养殖是珠三角地区淡水渔业生产的主要形式。2012年5月～12月对草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）、云斑尖塘鳢（Oxyeleotris marmoratus）、大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）和乌鳢（Channa argus）等该地区几种主要密养淡水品种鱼塘水质进行监测,分析水体理化环境因子,并选取pH、溶解氧（DO）、非离子氨（NH3）、氨氮（NH4^＋-N）、硝酸盐氮（NO3^--N）、亚硝酸盐氮（NO2^--N）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）和透明度等10项因子,采用单项污染指数和负荷比对监测参数进行单项评价,用综合污染指数法对各池塘水质进行整体评价。结果表明4种密养淡水鱼塘营养盐负荷高问题突出,NH3、NO3^--N、NO2^--N、TN和TP为池塘中的主要污染因素;草鱼池塘主要污染物为NH3和TN,其污染负荷合计为37.58%;云斑尖塘鳢池塘主要污染物为NH3、NO3^--N和TN,其污染负荷达59.37%;大口黑鲈池塘的主要污染物为NH3、TN、NO3^--N和NO2^--N,其污染负荷高达66.80%;乌鳢池塘的主要污染物为TN、NO3^--N、TP和NH3,其污染负荷达59.43%;对CODMn的分析与评价结果显示,池塘水体中还原性有机质含量高;由综合污染指数判定,所有池塘水体均为＂重污染＂等级,并超出警戒水平。     

Optimal dietary methionine requirement of juvenile Chinese sucker,Myxocyprinus asiaticus

A total of 630 juvenile Chinese sucker, with an average initial weight of 1.72 ± 0.05 g, were fed seven diets for 56 days to study the effect of dietary methionine levels on growth, feed utilization, body composition and haematological parameters on juvenile Chinese sucker. Diet 1 using fish meal as the sole protein source and diets 2–7 using fish meal and fermented soybean meal as intact protein sources supplemented with crystalline amino acids contained six levels of l ‐methionine ranging from 6.4 to 18.9 g kg^?1 of dry diet at a constant dietary cystine level of 3.7 g kg^?1. Each diet was randomly assigned to three aquaria. Results indicated that the highest weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value occurred at 13.9 g methionine kg^?1 diet among the methionine supplemented dietary groups, beyond which they showed declining tendency. The whole body and muscle protein contents of juvenile Chinese sucker were positively correlated with dietary methionine level, while muscle lipid content was negatively correlated with it. The total essential amino acids content of muscle was increased significantly with increasing dietary methionine level from 6.4 to 13.9 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05). Apparent digestibility coefficients of dietary protein were significantly affected by dietary treatments. Serum protein, cholesterol and triacylglycerol increased with increasing dietary methionine levels, but showed a relatively lower value for fish fed the 18.9 g methionine kg^?1 diet. Quadratic regression analysis of SGR against dietary methionine level indicated that optimal dietary methionine requirement for juvenile Chinese sucker was 14.1 g kg^?1 of the diet in the presence of 3.7 g kg^?1 cystine (corresponding to 32.0 g kg^?1 of dietary protein on a dry‐weight basis).     

Effects of dietary glutamine dipeptide on growth performance,intestinal digestive enzyme activity,and gene expression of related factors in Penaeus vannamei

Aquaculture International - The effects of glutamine dipeptide (GDP) on the growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, immune metabolism index, and gene expression of related factors...     

拟除虫菊酯和有机磷农药对三种扇贝稚贝的急性毒性效应

采用静水实验法测定拟除虫菊酯类和有机磷类农药对三种扇贝稚贝的急性毒性效应.结果表明:联苯菊酯对海湾扇贝、栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝稚贝24 h的LC50的分别为1.460、1.662和2.909 mg/L;辛琉磷对海湾扇贝、栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝稚贝24 h的LC50的分别44.598、182.167和39.334 μg/L;马拉...