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71.
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73.
Flavonoid constituents of Chorizanthe diffusa with potential cancer chemopreventive activity 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Chung HS Chang LC Lee SK Shamon LA van Breemen RB Mehta RG Farnsworth NR Pezzuto JM Kinghorn AD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(1):36-41
An ethyl acetate-soluble extract of Chorizanthe diffusa was found to exhibit significant antioxidant activity, as judged by scavenging stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced free radical formation with cultured HL-60 cells. Bioassay-directed fractionation of this extract using the DPPH antioxidant assay as a monitor led to the isolation of five structurally related flavonoids (1-5), including the novel compound 5,8,3',4',5'-pentahydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyflavone (1). Isolates 1-5 demonstrated varying degrees of antioxidant or antimutagenic activity. Two of the compounds, 5,7,3', 4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone (2) and quercetin (4), were subsequently found to inhibit carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions in a mouse mammary organ culture model. Inhibitory activity of this type is known to correlate with cancer chemopreventive effects in full-term models of tumorigenesis. 相似文献
74.
介绍了利用旋流闪蒸干燥器干燥发酵糟渣时,气流与物料间放热系数及糟渣物料热传导率、热扩散系数的简便快速测定方法。 相似文献
75.
Purification and characterization of hydrolase with chitinase and chitosanase activity from commercial stem bromelain 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A hydrolase with chitinase and chitosanase activity was purified from commercial stem bromelain through sequential steps of SP-Sepharose ion-exchange adsorption, HiLoad Superdex 75 gel filtration, HiLoad Q Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography, and Superdex 75 HR gel filtration. The purified hydrolase was homogeneous, as examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme exhibited chitinase activity for hydrolysis of glycol chitin and 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-N,N',N' '-triacetylchitotrioside [4-MU-beta-(GlcNAc)(3)] and chitosanase activity for chitosan hydrolysis. For glycol chitin hydrolysis, the enzyme had an optimal pH of 4, an optimal temperature of 60 degrees C, and a K(m) of 0.2 mg/mL. For the 4-MU-beta-(GlcNAc)(3) hydrolysis, the enzyme had an optimal pH of 4 and an optimal temperature of 50 degrees C. For the chitosan hydrolysis, the enzyme had an optimal pH of 3, an optimal temperature of 50 degrees C, and a K(m) of 0.88 mg/mL. For hydrolysis of chitosans with various N-acetyl contents, the enzyme degraded 30-80% deacetylated chitosan most effectively. The enzyme split chitin or chitosan in an endo-manner. The molecular mass of the enzyme estimated by gel filtration was 31.4 kDa, and the isoelectric point estimated by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis was 5.9. Heavy metal ions of Hg(2+) and Ag(+), p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid, and N-bromosuccinimide significantly inhibited the enzyme activity. 相似文献
76.
为研究菜豆种子在超干处理条件下抗老化能力,以菜豆品种‘将军’、‘紫冠’、‘热那亚’为试验材料,采用硅胶脱水的方法制备不同含水量的种子,并对不同程度超干处理的菜豆种子进行人工老化,对老化后种子发芽率、发芽指数、种子活力及生理指标进行测定,进一步讨论菜豆种子的最适含水量。结果表明,‘将军’种子含水量降至5.78%~6.95%时,种子各指标在老化后保持在较高水平;‘紫冠’种子含水量为5.35%~6.89%时,老化后各指标均高于自然干燥种子,且差异显著;‘热那亚’种子含水量为5.01%~6.15%时,老化后各发芽指标、热稳蛋白含量均高于自然干燥种子。说明超干保存菜豆种子具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
77.
随着生活水平的不断提高及营养健康理念的不断发展,人们逐渐开始关注糖摄入的问题,为了迎合减少热量摄入、预防肥胖的发展需求,越来越多用甜味剂代替糖的无热量、低热量、减糖、无糖产品出现在大众视野,而甜味剂作为实现这一需求的重要要素,对食品加工生产具有重要的意义。一直以来,人们认为甜味剂是安全无害、对人体不会产生负面影响,然而,随着不断的深入研究发现甜味剂并不是完全安全,其对人体健康或者加工生产会产生一定的危害。因此,为了更好地发展减糖趋势,必须清楚了解甜味剂带给身体的危害。按照使用场景的不同将甜味物质分为营养型甜味剂、非营养型甜味剂和填充型甜味剂三大类,并对其应用进展和风险危害进行综述,以期为食品工业的健康安全发展提供理论指导。 相似文献
78.
为探讨外源硒对60Co-γ辐射下菜豆幼苗生长以及生理的影响,以菜豆品种‘13-6-1-2’和‘紫冠’为试验材料,通过外源喷施50 μg/mL的亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)溶液,研究60Co-γ辐射(120 Gy)下外源Se对菜豆的表型、抗氧化酶活性(POD、SOD、CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素以及硒含量的影响。结果显示,60Co-γ辐射下外源硒显著提高了菜豆幼苗体内的硒含量,也不同程度提高了抗氧化酶活性及MDA和叶绿素的含量。研究表明,叶面喷施适当浓度的外源硒可以促进菜豆的生长发育,提高菜豆自身的硒含量,提高其抗氧化能力,缓解60Co-γ射线对菜豆幼苗生长的影响。 相似文献
79.
80.
Soil enzymes are linked to microbial functions and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems and are considered sensitive to soil
disturbances. We investigated the effects of severe soil compaction and whole-tree harvesting plus forest floor removal (referred
to as FFR below, compared with stem-only harvesting) on available N, microbial biomass C (MBC), microbial biomass N (MBN),
and microbial biomass P (MBP), and dehydrogenase, protease, and phosphatase activities in the forest floor and 0–10 cm mineral
soil in a boreal aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest soil near Dawson Creek, British Columbia, Canada. In the forest floor, no soil compaction effects were observed
for any of the soil microbial or enzyme activity parameters measured. In the mineral soil, compaction reduced available N,
MBP, and acid phosphatase by 53, 47, and 48%, respectively, when forest floor was intact, and protease and alkaline phosphatase
activities by 28 and 27%, respectively, regardless of FFR. Forest floor removal reduced available P, MBC, MBN, and protease
and alkaline phosphatase activities by 38, 46, 49, 25, and 45%, respectively, regardless of soil compaction, and available
N, MBP, and acid phosphatase activity by 52, 50, and 39%, respectively, in the noncompacted soil. Neither soil compaction
nor FFR affected dehydrogenase activities. Reductions in microbial biomass and protease and phosphatase activities after compaction
and FFR likely led to the reduced N and P availabilities in the soil. Our results indicate that microbial biomass and enzyme
activities were sensitive to soil compaction and FFR and that such disturbances had negative consequences for forest soil
N and P cycling and fertility. 相似文献