实验用猕猴某些生理生化指标的测定

应用全自动血液细胞分析仪、全自动血液生化分析仪和流式细胞仪等仪器测定和分析人工饲养条件下24只健康猕猴清醒状态下血液一般生理生化指标、CD3 、CD4 、CD8 、CD20 细胞阳性率。结果雌性猕猴平均动脉压、收缩压、舒张压极显著低于雄性猕猴(P<0.01),心电图QRS波、T波差异极显著(P<0.01),Q-T段差异显著(P<0.05)。血液常规指标中雄性猕猴白细胞计数极显著低于雌性猕猴(P<0.01)。猕猴碱性磷酸酶、总胆红素差异极显著(P<0.01)、总胆固醇、γ-谷氨酰转移酶差异显著(P<0.05)、甘油三酯显著低于雄性猕猴(P<0.01),而丙氨酸氨基转换酶,天门冬氨酸氨基转换酶差异极显著(P<0.01)、血清肌酐显著高于雄性猕猴(P<0.05)。CD3 、CD4 、CD8 、CD20 细胞阳性率无显著差别。文章为以猕猴作为实验动物的医学实验提供可靠的参考数据,同时证明一些指标受性别影响,在试验中应受到重视。     

Clinical application of computed tomography for the diagnosis of feline hepatic lipidosis

The usefulness of computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL) was evaluated. Liver CT number was 54.7+/-5.6 HU (mean+/-SD) in 26 healthy cats. We fast 6 healthy cats for 72 hr to induced FHL experimentally and the cats were assessed by CT and serum biochemical analysis. Liver CT number of the six cats was 53.8+/-3.0 HU before fasting, 46.8+/-2.4 HU after fasting, and 50.2+/-3.6 HU two weeks after restarted feeding. The decreased CT number was associated with the elevation of serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels. These results indicate that measurement of CT number of the liver is an effective procedure for the diagnosis of FHL.     

不同饲养密度对地面平养蛋鸡福利状况和生产性能的影响

试验旨在通过研究地面平养模式下不同饲养密度对蛋鸡行为、外观、血液应激指标及生产性能的影响,筛选保证蛋鸡福利状况及生产性能的最大饲养密度,为我国推广地面平养模式蛋鸡福利养殖奠定理论基础。将780只苏禽绿壳蛋鸡按舍内密度分为四组,其中地面平养分为低密度组(6只/m^2)、中密度组(8只/m^2)、高密度组(10只/m^2),笼养组为对照组,每组3个重复。试验期为18~27周龄,蛋鸡行为学数据均采用视频录像收集,在27周龄末进行翅静脉采血和福利外观评价,统计分析24~27周龄生产性能。结果显示:笼养蛋鸡的产蛋率,攻击、刻板等非福利行为均显著高于平养组(P<0.05),脚垫损伤、羽毛评分、应激激素浓度(CORT、ACTH)显著低于平养组(P<0.05)。地面平养各组间,高密度组蛋鸡料蛋比显著高于低、中密度组(P<0.05);低、中密度组蛋鸡行走和休息时间比例均显著高于高密度组(P<0.05);低密度组蛋鸡啄羽行为显著低于高密度组(P<0.05),但与中密度组差异不显著(P>0.05);低、中密度组蛋鸡脚垫损伤、背羽损伤显著低于高密度组(P<0.05);高密度组蛋鸡血清中CORT和ACTH浓度显著低于低、中密度组(P<0.05)。由此可见,平养蛋鸡比笼养蛋鸡行为表现更积极,羽毛覆盖度更好,但应激水平和足部损伤较高、生产性能较低;在试验场地模式下,推荐8只/m2为最佳饲养密度。     

Technical note: Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of florfenicol and thiamphenicol in swine feed

One polyclonal antibody against florfenicol and thiamphenicol was produced and a competitive ELISA was developed for the detection of florfenicol and thiamphenicol in swine feed. The ELISA gave a 50% inhibiting concentration of 1.02 ng/mL for florfenicol. For swine feed fortified with 0.05 to 3.0 mg/kg, the interassay recoveries of florfenicol and thiamphenicol ranged from 86.4 to 118.6%, whereas intraassay recoveries of both drug ranged from 90.1 to 126.5% with less than 15% CV. Results obtained from HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry indicated this ELISA procedure could be used as a convenient method for rapid screening of florfenicol and thiamphenicol in swine feed.     

生态文明教育系统:一个亟待完善的服务系统

生态文明教育是形成生态意识和生态行为的重要途径,是影响生态文明建设进程的重要因素.理想的生态文明教育系统是包含家庭教育、学校教育、企业教育和社会教育四大分系统在内的、拥有完整功能和流程的服务系统;各分系统在时间维度上相互衔接、在空间维度上相互独立,并在不同时空发挥各自的作用.但现行的生态文明教育系统尚未意识到其服务属性...     

Multiple amino acid substitutions are involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice

To explore adaptation of avian influenza virus to mice we previously performed serial lung-to-lung passages of the influenza A/Chicken/Jiangsu/7/2002 (H9N2) strain, resulting in the isolation of a variant influenza strain lethal for mice. We now report that virulence correlates with improved growth characteristics on mammalian cells and extended tissue tropism in vivo. Sequencing of the complete genomes of the wild-type and mouse-adapted viruses revealed 25 amino acid substitutions. Some were found to reiterate known substitutions in human and swine H9N2 influenza isolates. Functions affected include nuclear localization signals and sites of protein and RNA interaction, while others are known determinants of pathogenicity and host specificity such as the viral polymerase PB2 E627K substitution. These observations suggest that enhanced growth characteristics and modified cell tropism may contribute to increased virulence in mice. We conclude that multiple amino acid substitutions are likely to be involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice.     

根据个体间蛋白质多位点基因型的比较分析中国黄牛的遗传关系

现行群体间遗传距离的度量方法都以等位基因频率的计算为依据，这些方法的缺点之一是在位点不多，多态笥不高时要求群体有较大的取样个体数目，另外，这些方法所建造的树素图不能反映群体是由混血引起还是由长期进化引起这一问题，针对这些问题，本文提出了以个体间蛋白质多位点基因型比较为基础的群体间遗传距离和群体内基因杂合度的度量方法，以十个主要中国黄牛群体的遗传关系分析为例，比较圆满的解决了上面几个问题。     

扬子鳄胚胎背部皮肤及鳞甲的发生

本文观察了１６例不同时间的扬子鳄（Ａｌｌｉｇａｔｏｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）胚胎背部皮肤及鳞甲的形态及组织发生过程。孵化第２０天，来自胚胎中胚层生皮节的间充质细胞开始向原始表皮下迁移，表皮仅具周皮层与生发层两层细胞。第２８天背部鳞片开始明显，左右鳞片之间出现很浅的鳞间沟，前后鳞片交界处的原始表皮、真皮层开始向外突出形成鳞甲原基。第３４天鳞甲原基突出伸长，第４０天背鳞的纵崤明显。第３４～５０天中，鳞甲后缘基部的表皮层向鳞甲前缘基部的真皮层不断内陷，鳞甲显著伸长并向体后方水平伸出。背部表皮在孵化第３４天出现三层细胞，第４０天周皮细胞中开始出现色素沉集。第５０天表皮具四层细胞，周皮层细胞中出现大量色素沉集。第６０天表皮分层与成体时相似，周皮层已退化。孵化第３４天真皮层细胞形态出现多样化，第４０天真皮可分上、下两层。第５０天真皮上层中形成交织的胶原纤维网，下层中形成平行走向的胶原纤维。本文简要讨论了扬子鳄鳞甲的形态发生特点。     

丝素膜的结构测定和分析

对脱胶丝素纤维、初生丝素蛋白膜、固定化ＧＯＤ－丝素膜结构进行了红外光谱分析。三者红外光谱图差异明显，丝素纤维为典型的丝Ⅱ（双向平行的β片层）结构，初生丝素膜的红外光谱显示无规卷曲或丝Ⅰ构型的特征，经戊二醛活化处理后制备的酶膜，在７００ｃｍ－１处有一显著吸收峰，表明其构型向β型转变，丝素膜的水溶率变化也证实了红外光谱显示的结果。     

沼液浸种对黑麦草种子发芽的影响

为了研究沼液浸种对黑麦草种子发芽的影响,设置4个浓度沼液分别浸泡黑麦草种子,分析种子各项发芽指标的变化。结果表明:各处理均能正常发芽,黑麦草种子的发芽率和发芽势等4项发芽指标均随着浸种沼液浓度的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,以75%沼液浓度浸种效果最优,但沼液浸种对发芽率和发芽势的影响要高于苗高和根长。综合分析认为利用沼液浸泡黑麦草种子是提高其生产性能的有力措施,适宜在生产中推广利用。