三种杀菌剂对牡丹红斑病病菌分生孢子形成和萌发的影响

为筛选防治牡丹红斑病的杀菌剂,采用涂布平板法测定了多菌灵、戊唑醇、嘧菌酯对病菌分生孢子形成和萌发的影响。结果表明:3种杀菌剂对病菌孢子萌发均有很强的抑制作用,浓度越高,抑制作用越强,以嘧菌酯最强,1μg/mL浓度处理其孢子萌发率低于10%,5μg/mL处理孢子完全不能萌发;3种杀菌剂均可显著抑制病菌芽管的伸长生长,1μg/mL处理下孢子萌发24 h后芽管长度均不足10μm,5μg/mL处理对芽管伸长的抑制率达到90%;3种杀菌剂可使分生孢子及芽管发生畸形,多菌灵的致畸作用最强,0.1μg/mL处理即表现出明显的致畸作用,而戊唑醇致畸作用较弱;嘧菌酯和戊唑醇对病菌产孢结构形成和分生孢子产生数量有强烈的抑制作用,0.05μg/mL浓度下即完全不产孢,但多菌灵在0.05μg/mL浓度下则促进病菌产孢结构形成及产孢量增加。表明3种杀菌剂均可作为保护剂在病害发生前期喷施,但在流行期应尽量使用嘧菌酯和戊唑醇,以减少病菌再侵染数量。     

小型蔬菜移栽机的改进设计与试验

为满足蔬菜移栽机械化需要,在土槽蔬菜移栽试验基础上,对水稻插秧机改进设计,应用优化设计方法和虚拟技术相结合,完成了取投苗机构、划刀式开沟器和V型覆土镇压器有机组合,可以一次完成开沟,送苗入沟,扶正,覆土,压实等工序。通过三因素三水平的正交试验,获得较优参数组合,即机车前进速度为0.25～0.30 m/s,投苗筒垂直倾角为12°,镇压器的相对位置为10 mm时,移栽效果优异。经田间试验测试,该机具结构简单,通用性好,作业适应性强,各项作业性能指标完全符合农艺要求,为小型全自动移栽机的设计提供参考。     

酵母抽提物替代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究酵母抽提物部分或全部替代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验共选160头体重([6.20±0.10)kg]和日龄([26±2)d]相近的PIC断奶仔猪,分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。对照组(处理1)饲喂基础日粮,处理2饲喂含4%血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)日粮,处理3饲喂含2%SDPP+2%酵母抽提物的日粮,处理4饲喂含4%酵母抽提物日粮。试验期为28 d,所有仔猪自由采食和饮水。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲喂含4%酵母抽提物日粮能促进仔猪生长,试验全期仔猪日增重提高15%(P<0.05),饲料增重比降低7%(P<0.05);与含4%或2%SDPP日粮组相比,饲喂含4%酵母抽提物日粮并没有显著影响仔猪平均日采食量和日增重,但饲料增重比在试验前3周和试验全期均得到显著改善(降低7%～10%,P<0.05)。因此,酵母抽提物能促进断奶仔猪生长,部分或全部替代SDPP不影响仔猪增重,且能改善饲料转化率。     

VASA (DDX4) is a Putative Marker for Spermatogonia,Spermatocytes and Round Spermatids in Stallions

Expression of the protein DDX4/MVH, or VASA, has been reported in germ cells of several species. The main objectives of this study were to (i) investigate VASA expression patterns in testicular cells of stallions at two different reproductive stages (pre‐pubertal and post‐pubertal) and (ii) evaluate the use of VASA antibody as a molecular marker for single germ cells from stallions. Testicular tissues were obtained from stallions and categorized as pre‐pubertal and post‐pubertal based on the formation of lumen and status of spermatogenesis on the cross section of seminiferous tubules. The results of Western blot showed a VASA protein band located at 76 kDa, indicating that the rabbit antibody has a cross‐reactivity with horse testicular tissues. The result of immunolabelling showed that VASA was expressed in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia at both reproductive stages and in spermatocytes and round spermatids at the post‐pubertal stage. GATA4‐positive Sertoli cells and Leydig cells located in the interstitial space were not immunolabelled with VASA. These results suggest that VASA can be utilized as a molecular marker for germ cells of stallions at pre‐pubertal and post‐pubertal stages. Interestingly, immunolabelling intensity was significantly higher in pachytene spermatocytes compared to spermatogonia and round spermatid. VASA antibody was also effective for staining of single germ cell preparations. In conclusion, VASA protein expression can be used as a marker for identification of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids in testicular tissues of stallions.     

甜菜黑色焦枯病毒经甘蓝油壶菌传播的研究

用甜菜黑色焦枯病毒（Ｂｅｅｔ Ｂｌａｃｋ Ｓｃｏｒｃｈ Ｖｉｒｕｓ,ＢＢＳＶ）直接接种甜菜根,ＢＢＳＶ轻度侵染甜菜;而将ＢＢＳＶ与某蓝油壶菌（Ｏｌｐｉｄｉｕｍ ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａｅ）游动孢子体外混合接种甜菜根,ＢＢＳＶ则严重侵染。结果表明,ＢＢＳＶ经由Ｏ．ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａｅ进行传播,传播方式属游动孢子体表带毒,另外,ＢＢＳＶ也可进行少量的机械传播。国内首次报道油壶菌传播植物病毒。     

Identification of lactoferrin and glutamate receptor‐interacting protein 1 in bovine cervical mucus: A putative marker for oestrous detection

Accurate detection of oestrus is important for artificial insemination. The aim of this study was to identify oestrous‐specific bovine cervical mucus proteins that could be used to determine the optimal time for artificial insemination. Non‐oestrous and controlled internal drug release (CIDR)‐induced oestrous‐stage mucus proteins were purified and subjected to surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and MALDI‐TOF/TOF. Among differentially expressed proteins, lactoferrin (LF) and glutamate receptor‐interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) showed a twofold increase during the CIDR‐induced oestrous stage compared to the levels in non‐oestrous stage in bovine cervical mucus. The RT‐PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry results showed that LF and GRIP1 expression was significantly increased during the oestrous stage in the uterus. This study demonstrated that bovine LF and GRIP1 exist during the oestrous stage, but not during the non‐oestrous stage, suggesting that cervical mucus LF and GRIP1 are useful oestrous detection markers in cattle.     

播种机单体两种仿形机构的研究

播种机单体仿形机构是保证播种质量的重要工作部件。为此,论述了目前广泛应用的平行四杆仿形机构的结构特点、工作原理、仿形量和连杆长度的设计方法;对研究设计的电液自控仿形机构的结构特点与工作原理进行介绍;对平行四杆与电液自控仿形机构的仿形能力、仿形精度、仿形的灵敏度与能否实现播深的精量控制等方面进行了对比分析。     

果寡糖对蛋雏鸡生长性能和肠道菌群的影响

试验选择7日龄海兰褐蛋雏鸡192只,采用随机区组法设计,设3个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复16羽,A组为抗生素组:基础日粮+杆菌肽锌20 mg/kg+粘杆菌素4 mg/kg,B组为果寡糖组:基础日粮+0.1%果寡糖(FOS),对照组(CT):基础日粮。通过饲养试验和肠道菌群培养,研究果寡糖替代抗生素对蛋雏鸡生长性能和肠道菌群数量的影响。结果表明:果寡糖组(B组)和抗生素组(A组)的生长性能均显著优于对照组(CT组),且二者之间差异不显著;果寡糖比对照组和抗生素组显著增加了盲肠和回肠内容物中双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量。     

Clinical presentation and disease prevalence of captive central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) at veterinary clinics in Australia

Central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) are one of the most popular reptile pets in Australia and around the world. Diseases, including metabolic bone disease, periodontal disease, and gastrointestinal endoparasites commonly affect captive animals. To determine the common reasons these lizards were presented to the veterinarian and to establish the prevalence of disease seen in captive P. vitticeps in Australia, this retrospective study evaluated the clinical records of three exotic pet veterinary hospitals. Records from 724 P. vitticeps were analysed, with 70 reasons for presentation and 88 diseases identified across 1000 visits to the veterinarian. Lethargy was the most reported reason for presentation (n = 181). The gastrointestinal tract (18.25%) and skin (18.25%) were the equally most commonly affected organ systems, followed by the musculoskeletal system (15.17%). Endoparasites were the most common single disease process (n = 103), followed by metabolic bone disease (n = 65), skin wounds (n = 59) and periodontal disease (n = 48). Of the patients that presented for routine preventive health examinations (n = 159), 45.30% received some form of intervention to treat or prevent disease. Many of the conditions that were identified by the veterinarians in this study are traditionally correlated with suboptimal husbandry and may be easily prevented. This study identified the common reasons for presentation to the veterinarian and the prevalence of disease in captive P. vitticeps in Australia, providing the first extensive retrospective analysis of objective reference literature for central bearded dragon owners and aspiring reptile veterinarians.