基于MODISNDVI多年时序数据的农作物种植识别

为了获取陕西省农作物种植模式和类型分布信息,实现对于多年农作物长势分析及精确的估产和耕地生产力的估算,该文以2003-2012年的MOD09Q1时间序列遥感数据集为数据源,以陕西省主要农作物冬小麦、夏玉米、春玉米、水稻和油菜为研究对象,利用Savitzky-Golay滤波方法重建NDVI长时间序列数据集,充分利用农作物的物候信息,构建农作物年际间动态阈值方法,实现了农作物种植模式和类型的识别。通过对混合像元进行分解,更精确地提取农作物种植面积信息。利用空间和定量2种方式对农作物类型识别结果进行分析验证,空间对比分析得到分类的总体精度和Kappa系数为88.18%和59.64%,定量对比分析得到分类的总体一致性为87.56%。研究结果表明,结合物候信息与时间序列数据利用该文的分类方法可以有效的识别大尺度农作物信息。     

Dimension reduction and variable selection for genomic selection: application to predicting milk yield in Holsteins

Genome‐assisted prediction of genetic merit of individuals for a quantitative trait requires building statistical models that can handle data sets consisting of a massive number of markers and many fewer observations. Numerous regression models have been proposed in which marker effects are treated as random variables. Alternatively, multivariate dimension reduction techniques [such as principal component regression (PCR) and partial least‐squares regression (PLS)] model a small number of latent components which are linear combinations of original variables, thereby reducing dimensionality. Further, marker selection has drawn increasing attention in genomic selection. This study evaluated two dimension reduction methods, namely, supervised PCR and sparse PLS, for predicting genomic breeding values (BV) of dairy bulls for milk yield using single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These two methods perform variable selection in addition to reducing dimensionality. Supervised PCR preselects SNPs based on the strength of association of each SNP with the phenotype. Sparse PLS promotes sparsity by imposing some penalty on the coefficients of linear combinations of original SNP variables. Two types of supervised PCR (I and II) were examined. Method I was based on single‐SNP analyses, whereas method II was based on multiple‐SNP analyses. Supervised PCR II was clearly better than supervised PCR I in predictive ability when evaluated on SNP subsets of various sizes, and sparse PLS was in between. Supervised PCR II and sparse PLS attained similar predictive correlations when the size of the SNP subset was below 1000. Supervised PCR II with 300 and 500 SNPs achieved correlations of 0.54 and 0.59, respectively, corresponding to 80 and 87% of the correlation (0.68) obtained with all 32 518 SNPs in a PCR model. The predictive correlation of supervised PCR II reached a plateau of 0.68 when the number of SNPs increased to 3500. Our results demonstrate the potential of combining dimension reduction and variable selection for accurate and cost‐effective prediction of genomic BV.     

基于信息扩散理论的云南农业旱灾风险评估

选取云南省1950--2009年体现农业旱灾损失的旱灾受灾面积,旱灾成灾面积,旱灾粮食损失3类指标数据,应用信息扩散理论推求3类指标联合超越概率,采用投影寻踪法得到3类指标的综合损失指数,继而得到综合损失指数的超越概率,最后分析云南省干旱的历史重现概率。结果表明：每10a一遇的旱灾综合损失指数达到0．59;云南近10a旱灾损失巨大,特别是2005年发生了一次136．5年一遇的特大干旱;60年来,云南发生特大干旱为大于8．4a一遇。     

Unilateral uterine torsion secondary to an inflammatory endometrial polyp in the bitch

A 9-year-old bitch was presented because of lethargy and abdominal distension. Abdominal ultrasound revealed an enlarged, fluid-filled uterus and associated mass. Subsequent exploratory laparotomy revealed unilateral uterine torsion involving the mass. Recovery following ovariohysterectomy was uneventful and the histopathological diagnosis was of a benign endometrial inflammatory polyp. Reports of uterine torsion in the English-language literature are reviewed to identify factors associated with the incidence of uterine torsion. The aetiology of the cystic endometrial hyperplasia/pyometra complex and its possible role in the development of inflammatory polypoid lesions in the bitch is also discussed.     

Relationship of ruminal temperature with parturition and estrus of beef cows

Spring-calving Angus cows (n = 30) were used to evaluate changes in ruminal temperature (RuT) related to parturition and estrus. Cows were synchronized and artificially inseminated with semen from a single sire. Temperature boluses were placed in the rumen at 7.0 ± 0.2 mo of gestation. Boluses were programmed to transmit RuT every 15 min. Cows (BW = 623 ± 44 kg, BCS = 4.9 ± 0.4) calved during 3 wk, and estrus was synchronized at 77 ± 7 d after calving with PGF(2α). Cows were observed every 12 h to detect estrus. Daily average ambient temperatures ranged from 2 to 22 °C during parturition (February to March) and 17 to 25 °C during estrus (May to June). Ruminal temperature from 7 d before to 3 d after parturition and 2 d before to 2 d after visual detection of estrus was analyzed using the MIXED procedure. Ruminal temperatures <37.72 °C were attributed to water consumption and excluded from analyses. Day did not influence (P = 0.36) RuT from d -2 to -7 before parturition (38.94 ± 0.05 °C). Ruminal temperature decreased (P < 0.001) from d -2 to d -1 before parturition (38.88 ± 0.05 to 38.55 ± 0.05 °C, respectively). Ruminal temperature was not influenced (P = 0.23) by day from 1 d before to 3 d after parturition (38.49 ± 0.05 °C). Ruminal temperature at 0 to 8 h after detection of estrus (38.98 ± 0.09 °C) was greater (P < 0.001) compared with RuT at the same daily hour of the day before (38.37 ± 0.11 °C) or the day after estrus (38.30 ± 0.09 °C). Ambient temperature did not influence (P > 0.30) RuT at parturition or estrus. Ruminal temperature decreased the day before parturition and increased at estrus in spring-calving beef cows and has potential use as a predictor of parturition and estrus.     

Immuno-PCR for one step detection of H5N1 avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus using magnetic gold particles as carriers

Detecting avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at low concentrations from tracheal and cloacal swabs of avian influenza- and Newcastle disease-infected poultry was carried out using a highly sensitive immunological-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-PCR) method. Magnetic gold particles were pre-coated with a capture antibody, either a monoclonal anti-AIV/H5 or monoclonal anti-NDV/F and viruses serially diluted ten-fold from 10(2) to 10(-5)EID(50)/ml. A biotinylated detection antibody bound to the viral antigen was then linked via a streptavidin bridge to biotinylated reporter DNA. After extensive washing, reporter DNA was released by denaturation, transferred to PCR tubes, amplified, electrophoresed and visualized. An optimized immuno-PCR method was able to detect as little as 10(-4)EID(50)/ml AIV and NDV. To further evaluate the specificity and the clinical application of this IPCR assay for AIV H5N1 and NDV, the tracheal swab specimens, taken from chickens which were infected with H5N1/AIV, H9N2/AIV, H7N2/AIV, NDV, IBDV, IBV/H(120), were detected by IPCR. Our data demonstrated that this monoclonal antibody-based immuno-PCR method provides a platform capable of rapid screening of clinical samples for trace levels of AIV H5 and NDV in one step.     

Immunoadjuvant activities of a recombinant chicken IL-12 in chickens vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus recombinant HN protein

Recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV/HN) expressing Newcastle disease virus (NDV) HN gene and rFPV/HN/chIL-12 co-expressing chicken IL-12 (chIL-12) and HN (rHN/chIL-12) genes have been characterized. rHN/chIL-12 or rchIL-12, expressed by our previous construct rFPV/chIL-12, co-administered with rHN was assessed for adjuvant activities of chIL-12. Chickens were vaccinated with various amounts of rHN/chIL-12 mixed with mineral oil (MO), intramuscularly. Levels of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody production depended on the concentration of the injected rHN or rHN/chIL-12. The lower HI antibody titers were obtained in chicken groups rHN/chIL-12/7-rHN/chIL-12/9, receiving 60ng rHN/8ng chIL-12 with MO, 30ng rHN/4ng chIL-12 with MO or 15ng rHN/2ng chIL-12 with MO, respectively, compared to those in chicken groups rHN/7-rHN/9, receiving rHN with MO alone. However, chickens in group rHN/chIL-12/7 or rHN/chIL-12/8 and rHN with MO alone showed the same effective protection. Chicken group rHN/chIL-12/9 was even more protective than that in group rHN/9. When rchIL-12 was co-injected with 15ng rHN plus MO, chickens produced low levels of HI antibody titers; while higher levels of IFN-γ production and an effective protection rate (83%) were obtained. On the other hand, low levels of IFN-γ production and low protection response (50%) were obtained in chickens injected with rHN with MO alone. Taken together, when the concentration of rHN decreased to certain levels, rchIL-12 reduced HI antibody production. The increase in the induction of IFN-γ production might suggest the enhancement of the cell-mediated immunity which conferred the protection from the NDV challenge.     

基于能量价值理论的电站循泵优化及系统开发

节能降耗与追求利润是市场经济条件下电力生产的主题.以工程热力学和能量价值理论为基础,利用汽轮机背压修正曲线、循环水泵和凝汽器的特性公式,并充分考虑煤、电能量价值的市场差异,分别建立了基于供电煤耗的循环水系统能耗优化模型,以及基于能量价值理论的循环水系统经济优化模型的目标函数.开发了基于PI实时数据库和.NET平台的火力发电厂循环水优化系统,以一定周期从PI数据库中实时读取电厂最新工况信息,进行数据预处理和稳态判别,利用遗传算法计算生成循环水泵的最优在线运行方式,求出该运行方式下的优化收益,给出了操作建议.该系统已在某电厂6台机组上实现了循环水泵的在线优化调度.实际运行表明：在某工况下,该电厂1#、2#机组通过减开一台循环水泵,节约厂用电量975.46 kW,增加收益171.18元/h,减轻了运行人员操作的盲目性,改善了循环水泵粗调或不调的现状.该系统界面友好,操作性强,易于移植和推广.     

Bt水稻杀虫蛋白时空变化及秸秆还田后在土壤中的持留规律

以Bt抗虫水稻华池B6、TT51及其非转基因水稻亲本嘉早935、明恢63,以及与它们亲缘较远但农艺性状相近的水稻品种中九B、R9311为试验材料,研究了田间种植条件下Bt抗虫水稻杀虫蛋白的时空变化及其在根际土中的持留规律,同时,还研究了秸秆还田后Bt蛋白在土壤中的持留规律。结果表明：1）Bt抗虫水稻华池B6植株各个部位...     

陕北安塞县马家沟流域近20 a来土地利用变化分析

汶川地震触发了大量次生山地灾害,震后山地灾害活动风险对灾区的发展规划决策有着重要的参考价值。通过对四川境内震后灾区基础资料的分析和研究,分别对灾区的44个县(市)进行了山地灾害危险性、易损性和风险评价,并以震后灾害点密度对危险性评价结果进行了验证,结果发现二者之间具有线性函数关系。评价结果表明,高度危险区集中于龙门山断裂附近,并且呈现明显的带状分布,面积比例为39.8%;极高易损和高度易损区则主要分布于成都、绵阳、德阳、雅安等大城市周边地区,面积比例为13.1%;高度风险区则主要位于龙门山腹地向山前平原的过渡带,属于高度危险和高度易损的结合部位,面积比例为11.0%。高风险区是今后恢复重建和发展规划中需要重点关注的地区;中度风险区由于灾后恢复重建的推进,其承灾体的易损性将会上升,容易导致其向高度风险转化,也要给予重视。