王鸽脑神经细胞原代分离培养与纯化的研究

研究采用7～8日胚龄的王鸽脑组织,采用胰蛋白酶消化法制备神经细胞悬液,接种于包被多聚赖氨酸的6孔培养板中培养,用阿糖胞苷抑制非神经细胞的生长,以寻求一种简单、可行的原代王鸽脑神经细胞培养方法。结果表明,试验成功地进行了原代王鸽脑神经细胞培养、纯化,并保证有足够数量的神经元存活,证明酶消化法原代培养王鸽脑神经细胞是一种可靠、稳定的获得神经元的方法。     

专业技术职称对高校图书馆的影响

随着我国图书馆事业的发展和高等学校管理体制改革的深入,现行的图书馆专业职称体系中出现种种弊端。提出了职称体系对图书馆事业发展的负面影响厦其采取措施。     

中国小麦区域氮磷钾肥推荐用量及肥料配方研究

为研究中国小麦不同区域氮磷钾肥优化用量及肥料配方,引导区域科学施肥并为肥料产品优化提供依据。在总结分析了2005—2010年在中国小麦主产区进行的各1 575、4 232和3 924组的氮、磷和钾肥肥效试验,并在参考有关文献资料的基础上,将中国小麦主产区分为7个施肥亚区,并对这些区域的氮磷钾肥优化用量及肥料配方进行研究。结果表明:Ⅲ华北冬麦区的产量水平较高6.8～7.5 t/hm~2,Ⅱ-2西北灌溉冬麦区和Ⅳ长江中下游冬麦区次之6.0 t/hm~2,其他区域较低5.3 t/hm~2;7个小麦施肥亚区的氮肥推荐用量平均为N 169 kg/hm~2,Ⅰ以东北春麦区最低N 106 kg/hm~2,Ⅲ-1华北灌溉冬麦区最高N 184 kg/hm~2;磷肥推荐用量平均为P_2O_5 77 kg/hm~2,以Ⅴ西南麦区最低P_2O_5 55 kg/hm~2,Ⅲ-1华北灌溉冬麦区最高P_2O_5 88 kg/hm~2;钾肥推荐用量平均为K_2O 50 kg/hm~2,以Ⅱ-1西北雨养旱作冬麦区最低K_2O 36 kg/hm~2,Ⅲ-2华北雨养冬麦区最高K_2O 59 kg/hm~2。根据上述不同生态区域的氮磷钾养分推荐用量及气候、栽培和土壤条件的差异,有针对性的为中国小麦7个施肥亚区确定了9个区域肥料配方,包括7个基追结合施肥方式下的配方和2个一次性施肥配方。     

纤维素分解菌系WSD-5常温产酶高温糖化小麦秸秆研究

将木质纤维素原料转化为燃料乙醇,受到全世界的期待。本研究探讨了利用复合菌系直接分解糖化的新途径。结果显示,该复合菌系优化的产酶活条件是转速为0r/min,底物添加量为3%,第6天酶活达到峰值,主要酶活为木聚糖酶活、CMC酶活和滤纸酶活,分别为15.18、3.43和0.79IU/mL。在第15天培养结束后,WSD-5对小麦秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素以及木质素的分解率分别达到71.3%、90.6%和51.7%。在酶活高峰期,在添加底物的同时升温至55℃保温糖化,结果发现还原糖的浓度显著提高。酶解小麦秸杆产生的总还原糖达到125mg/g以上,两次糖化总还原糖浓度为常温发酵时的15倍以上。当底物浓度为6%时的转化率最高,达到150.73mg/g。在糖化的过程中,产生了少量的甲酸、乙酸等可溶性小分子化合物,可以作为甲烷发酵的底物,具有一定的利用意义。试验扩大到3m3规模的中试试验。本研究为木质纤维素的低成本分解糖化提供了新的思路和途径。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病发病机理的研究Ⅱ.人工感染雏鸭病理形态学变化

以实验病理学方法对人工感染Ⅰ型鸭疫里默氏杆菌(含菌量3×109CFU/mL)的20日龄天府肉鸭进行了系统病理组织学研究.眼观特征为全身浆膜及各组织器官的被膜纤维素渗出物;心脏、肝脏、脾脏肿大,胸腺、法氏囊缩小,脑水肿.病理组织学变化表现为纤维素性心包炎,肝周炎、气囊炎、脾炎和脑膜炎,腺胃和小肠出血性或坏死性炎,胰腺细胞、肌胃黏膜上皮及砂囊腺上皮细胞变性与坏死,肾小管变性与局灶性坏死,胸腺和法氏囊淋巴细胞减少.结果表明鸭疫里默氏杆菌病侵害多种组织器官,引起功能障碍致雏鸭发病死亡.     

蝴蝶兰切花花被不同开放阶段酶活性的变化

以蝴蝶兰鲜切花为试材,对切花花被不同生理阶段3种酶活性的变化进行测量分析,以期为蝴蝶兰切花寿命的延长提供参考依据。结果表明:萼片和花瓣中的过氧化物酶(POD)从花苞期到半开期酶活性变化不明显,从半开期到衰老期酶活性显著升高。花瓣中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)从花苞期到半开期酶活性升高,从半开期到衰老期酶活性显著降低;萼片中的超氧化物歧化酶活性变化不显著但也呈先上升后下降趋势。花瓣中的中性蛋白酶(NP)从花苞期到半开期酶活性呈上升趋势,半开期到盛开期呈下降趋势,盛开期到衰老期呈上升趋势;花萼中的中性蛋白酶从花苞期到盛开期酶活性呈下降趋势,从盛开期到衰老期呈上升趋势;总体来看中性蛋白酶的活性呈先下降后上升趋势。     

风沙土施用土壤改良剂对樱桃番茄生育及产量的影响

以樱桃番茄“圣女果”为试材,在沙化土上施用了土壤改良剂-BGA土壤调理剂,研究了BGA土壤调理剂施入沙化土后对土壤的改良效果及对樱桃番茄生育、产量的影响.结果表明:施入BGA土壤调理剂能够改善沙化土的理化性质,促进樱桃番茄生长,提高樱桃番茄的净光合速率及水分利用效率;同时,BGA土壤调理剂的施入显著增加了樱桃番茄的产量.     

Controls of infiltration–runoff processes in Mediterranean karst rangelands in SE Spain

Semiarid karst landscapes represent an important ecosystem surrounding the Mediterranean Basin for which little is known on runoff generation. Knowledge of the sources and patterns of variation in infiltration–runoff processes and their controls is important for understanding and modelling the hydrological functions of such ecosystems. The objectives of this paper are to determine the infiltration rates and their controls in a representative mountain karst area (Sierra de Gádor, SE Spain) at micro-plots and to investigate the integrated response of rainfall on a typical hillslope. Rainfall simulations in micro-plots and natural rainfall-runoff monitoring on a hillslope were carried out complementarily. We investigated the role of soil surface components (vegetation, rock outcrop, fracture, and soil crust), topographic position, antecedent soil moisture, and rainfall characteristics in regulating infiltration–runoff processes. Results of rainfall simulation revealed the importance of vegetation cover and the presence of rock fractures in promoting the infiltration in the limestone karst landscape, while bare patches and rock outcrops acted as sources for runoff. All plots with > 50% vegetation cover had no runoff with up to 55 mm h^− 1 of simulated rain. In contrast, nearly all bare plots had runoff under the same simulated rain, with runoff coefficients ranging from 3.1 to 20.6% on dry soil surface conditions, and from 2.0 to 65.4% on wet soil surfaces. Runoff coefficients amounted to 59.0–79.5% for rock outcrops without cracks, but were drastically reduced by the presence of cracks. The surfaces with rock fragments resting on the soil (generally located in the middle of the slopes) prevented more effectively the runoff generation than those surfaces where rock fragments were embedded in the top soil. Antecedent soil moisture had significant impact on runoff generation, with wet soil having doubled runoff coefficient, shortened time to runoff, and increased runoff rate compared to the same but dry soil. Linear regressions indicated that the main controls for constant infiltration rate were the cover percentages of vegetation and litter, plus rainfall intensity; while the major controls for runoff coefficient were the bare soil and vegetation coverage, plus rainfall intensity. High infiltration rates measured at the micro-plots agreed with low intra-event runoff coefficients (mostly below 1%) observed under natural rainfalls at the hillslope. Runoff depth and coefficient at the hillslope was significantly correlated with rainfall depth, maximum hourly rainfall intensity and antecedent precipitation over 20 days (AP₂₀). During the 1.5-year monitoring period from Sep-2003 to Mar-2005, the overall infiltration was 41% of the total rainfall amount and the maximum infiltration rate was almost 94% of the largest single rainfall event. The results from this study contribute to improved understanding of the magnitude and controls of the surface runoff in semiarid karst mountain areas.     

芳香植物源营养液对梨树的抑菌和营养效应

 【目的】为有机果品生产提供一种制作简便、成本低廉的芳香植物源营养抑菌制剂的制作方法,探讨喷施该营养液对梨树的抑菌和营养效应。【方法】以芳香植物孔雀草、紫苏、神香草、薄荷、香矢车菊地上部分为材料,经发酵制成营养液,以分别喷施上述5种芳香植物源营养液（Tr1—Tr5）、5种植物的混合营养液（Tr6）为处理,喷施南国春氨基酸叶面肥（Tr7）和清水（Tr8）为对照（CK）,检测其对二年生盆栽南水梨/杜梨幼树黑星病、轮纹病、腐烂病的抑菌效果及营养生长、叶片养分含量的效果。【结果】芳香植物源营养液田间叶面喷施和实验室抑菌试验均对梨树黑星病、轮纹病和腐烂病有显著的抑菌效果;田间叶面喷施5种芳香植物源营养液与南国春氨基酸叶面肥均能显著地促进新梢生长,提高叶面积,提高叶片矿质元素含量（除P元素外）;其中喷施神香草营养液（Tr3）对于南水梨幼树生长发育的促进作用较显著;喷施孔雀草营养液（Tr1）和薄荷营养液（Tr4）对梨树病害的抑制效果较显著。【结论】田间叶面喷施芳香植物源营养液能够提高梨叶片养分含量,改善营养生长状况,有效抑制梨黑星病、轮纹病、腐烂病害的发生。     

太湖地区稻麦轮作系统中氮肥效应的研究

以太湖地区的常熟市为试验区,选择不同土壤类型的农田,设置不同氮肥水平田间小区试验与微区试验,对稻麦轮作下作物产量的氮肥效应及田间适宜施氮量进行了研究.结果表明,无论是水稻,还是小麦,随施氮苗增加,作物氮肥农学利用效率均下降.2年多点田间试验结果显示,该地区水稻的区域平均适宜施氮量为(176±24.2) kg·hm-2,小麦为(228±27.1) kg·hm-2.研究结果还表明,在该地区大义黄泥士上,水稻(晶种4007) 兼顾生产、生态和经济效益比较合理的施氮苗为171～204 kg·hm-2.