A 2-week-old female Thoroughbred foal was born with a firm, expansile, progressively enlarging mass involving the left hemimandible. Grossly, the mass was composed of variably sized cavernous spaces containing clotted blood and serofibrinous exudate, separated by fibrous and fibroosseous septa. Histologically, the spaces were lined by flattened to plump spindle cells and contained hemorrhage, fibrin, and multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. The septa separating adjacent cavernous spaces contained interlacing bundles and streams of spindle cells, multinucleated giant cells, hemosiderophages, mineral deposits, and spicules and trabeculae of reactive and poorly mineralized bone. A diagnosis of congenital aneurysmal bone cyst was made based on histologic features. The pathogenesis for the development of aneurysmal bone cysts is still undetermined, although spindle cells lining cavernous spaces in the foal exhibited negative immunolabeling for factor-VIII (F8) and positive immunolabeling for smooth muscle actin, suggesting vascular smooth muscle origin and possible blood flow disturbance. 相似文献
Abstract: Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (Map) was cultured from the feces of a wild-caught, female, adult Southern black rhinoceros. The animal, which presented with a 4-mo history of diarrhea and weight loss, was prescribed a course of antimycobacterial drugs. The clinical signs resolved, and the feces were repeatedly culture negative thereafter. Although the Rhinocerotidae are likely to be resistant to Johne's disease, this case raises the possibility that they can become transiently infected with the causative organism. 相似文献
To determine whether neurophysiological taste responses of young and old rats are different, recordings were made from the whole chorda tympani nerve which innervates taste buds on the anterior tongue. SHR-SP (Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats) in two age groups were studied. Chemical stimuli included single concentrations of 250 mM NH(4)Cl, 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 500 mM sucrose, 20 mM quinine-hydrochloride, 10 mM HCl, 10 mM monosodium glutamate (MSG), 10 mM L- glutamic acid (L-Glu) and an NaCl concentration series. The magnitude of the neural response (response ratio) was calculated by dividing the amplitude of the integrated response by the amplitude of the spontaneous activity that preceded it. Substantial neural responses to all chemicals were obtained at both ages. The responses to KCl, sucrose, quinine-hydrochloride, HCl, monosodium glutamate (MSG) and glutamic acid (Glu) did not change with age, but the response to NaCl did decrease significantly. The profile of the response/concentration function for NaCl differed with age. In particular, the responses to solutions more concentrated than 100 mM NaCl were significantly weaker in aged than in young SHR-SPs. We also observed that recovery from amiloride treatment on the tongue of SHR-SPs was faster in aged rats than in young ones, suggesting that there is some functional difference in the sodium-specific channels on the taste cell. These results suggest that aged SHR-SP may be less able than young SHR-SPs to discriminate among higher concentrations of NaCl solutions. 相似文献
We developed three different knowledge-dissemination methods for educating Tanzanian smallholder farmers about mastitis in their dairy cattle. The effectiveness of these methods (and their combinations) was evaluated and quantified using a randomised controlled trial and multilevel statistical modelling. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has used such techniques to evaluate the effectiveness of different knowledge-dissemination interventions for adult learning in developing countries.
Five different combinations of knowledge-dissemination method were compared: ‘diagrammatic handout’ (‘HO’), ‘village meeting’ (‘VM’), ‘village meeting and video’ (‘VM + V’), ‘village meeting and diagrammatic handout’ (‘VM + HO’) and ‘village meeting, video and diagrammatic handout’ (‘VM + V + HO’). Smallholder dairy farmers were exposed to only one of these interventions, and the effectiveness of each was compared to a control (‘C’) group, who received no intervention. The mastitis knowledge of each farmer (n = 256) was evaluated by questionnaire both pre- and post-dissemination.
Generalised linear mixed models were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the different interventions. The outcome variable considered was the probability of volunteering correct responses to mastitis questions post-dissemination, with ‘village’ and ‘farmer’ considered as random effects in the model. Results showed that all five interventions, ‘HO’ (odds ratio (OR) = 3.50, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 3.10, 3.96), ‘VM + V + HO’ (OR = 3.34, 95% CI = 2.94, 3.78), ‘VM + HO’ (OR = 3.28, 95% CI = 2.90, 3.71), ‘VM + V’ (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.84, 3.64) and ‘VM’ (OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 2.31, 2.95), were significantly (p < 0.0001) more effective at disseminating mastitis knowledge than no intervention.
In addition, the ‘VM’ method was less effective at disseminating mastitis knowledge than other interventions. Combinations of methods showed no advantage over the diagrammatic handout alone. Other explanatory variables with significant positive associations on mastitis knowledge included education to secondary school level or higher, and having previously learned about mastitis by reading pamphlets or attendance at an animal-health course. 相似文献
A 13-week-old Thoroughbred colt from central Kentucky was euthanized after an acute onset of ataxia, blindness, head tremors, leaning to the right, recumbency, and seizures. Microscopically, there was a verminous meningoencephalitis characterized by an eosinophilic and granulomatous inflammatory reaction primarily affecting the cerebellum. Dispersed within regions of inflammation were numerous cross and longitudinal sections of intact and degenerative small nematodes. The nematodes had dorsoflexed ovaries and ventroflexed vulvas, which are distinguishing features of Halicephalobus gingivalis. Intact nematodes, compatible with H. gingivalis, also were recovered and identified from portions of the brain that had been frozen for 5-week post-necropsy examination via tissue maceration and additional laboratory techniques. 相似文献
A sensitive, specific and convenient method for the determination of dichlorvos in air is described. The method involves the use of glass tubes containing potassium nitrate for trapping dichlorvos vapour from the air and flame-photometric gas chromatography for the determination of dichlorvos. The recovery of dichlorvos is 80% and the coefficient of variation for the method is 10%. The method gives results which compare favourably with those obtained by the Drechsel bottle procedure. In addition, the method requires only low sample volumes and can be applied to determine levels of dichlorvos in confined spaces. The sampling flow rate is not critical but storage of the sampling tubes below room temperature prior to analysis is necessary. 相似文献