Correction to: Fungal microbiota in seeds,seedlings and mature plants of raspberry (Rubus ideaus L.)

European Journal of Plant Pathology -     

Fungal microbiota in seeds,seedlings and mature plants of raspberry (Rubus ideaus L.)

Presently, there is an intensive search for fungal endophytes to be used in agriculture for the protection and condition improvement of plants and in medicine. We screened for the presence of endophytes in raspberry, which occurs naturally in the Bia?owie?a Forest. The fungal isolates representative of each morphotype were analysed using the molecular markers ITS1 and ITS2. In total, we found 34 taxa of endophytic fungi. The majority were potential pathogens. As many as 27 taxa were found in the leaves of mature plants. No fungi could be isolated from the surface sterilized seeds obtained from these plants. Seedlings were grown from the seeds deposited in the soil seed bank in the Bia?owie?a Geobotanical Station of the University of Warsaw in Bia?owie?a. 8 taxa of endophytic fungi were found in seedlings. It could be due to a possibility of seed infection with these endophytes in soil conditions.

     

Variability of Selected Biochemical Parameters in Young Stallions During the 100-day Performance Test

The aim of the study was to evaluate variations in biochemical blood parameters of stallions during a 100-day performance test. The study was carried out with 20 clinically healthy stallions aged 3-4 years. The degree of adaptation to exercise loads during a 100-day performance test was assessed three times: (I) on the first day of training, (II) on the 46th day of training, and (III) on the 97^th day of training. Sample collection and basic clinical tests were performed before training (1), directly after training (2), and after a 30-minute rest (3). Venous blood samples were analyzed for the concentration of total protein, glucose (GLU), and lactate, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK), and total antioxidant status (TAS). Postexercise changes in the analyzed parameters showed that the loads were of moderate intensity. As a result of the 100-day training, postexercise variation in GLU concentration and CK and LDH activity was lower than at the beginning, which indicates that the body was stimulated to adapt to performing exercise tasks. The resting level of TAS was also found to increase. The results obtained suggest that the stallions are well prepared for increasing exercise loads.     

Adsorption of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) on Candida maltosa EH 15 Strain: Influence on Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and n-alkanes Biodegradation

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The effect of exogenously added sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) surfactant on biodegradation of a mixture of straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons...     

Tracking bowfin with acoustic telemetry: Insight into the ecology of a living fossil

Little is known about the spatial ecology and behaviour of bowfin (Amia calva), despite the fact that it is an important freshwater carnivore, the last living member of the Amiiformes and effectively a living fossil. In the summer of 2013, acoustic telemetry transmitters were surgically implanted in ten bowfin captured in Toronto Harbour on Lake Ontario. Using a stationary acoustic telemetry array that covered most of the 18‐km² harbour, the residency and movement patterns of bowfin were tracked from their release until November 2014. Detected bowfin ranged in size from 562 to 725 mm total length and included six males and three females (one female was not detected). Bowfin showed high site fidelity with most fish detections concentrated in embayments and within the Toronto Islands, areas characterised by relatively high stable water temperatures and submerged vegetative cover. Statistical modelling revealed that bowfin residency was significantly affected by season, body size, site‐specific estimates of vegetative cover and an interaction between body size and season. Bowfin residency increased with vegetative cover and was highest for large fish during the winter and fall months. Despite the overall high site fidelity exhibited by individuals, several bowfin were mobile over the spring and summer months and moved 5.2–12.9 km among telemetry receivers in the inner and outer harbours. The results of this study provide insight into the seasonal habitat preference, home range size and activity level of this unique fish.     

Conception rates in farm mink (Neovison vison) in relation to first mating date,age and color variety

The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of the first mating date, age and color variety on the conception rates in farm mink. We analyzed female mink reproductive performance in 492 Sapphire and 463 Standard Black females over 3 or 4 years. The analysis included the number of inefficient matings, the interval between the first inefficient mating and the efficient mating (copulation) and the conception rates. The results show a significant effect of female's age and color variety on the conception rates. The youngest, yearling females of either color needed a higher number of matings per conception, as compared to older, 2‐ and 3‐year‐old females. Black females demonstrated a higher number of inefficient matings (1.066), as compared with Sapphires (0.730). Yearling females were most often mated from 1 to 10 March, and older females from 11 to 20 March. Older females achieved better conception rates than the yearlings. Dates between 11 and 25 March proved to be the optimum for the first mating, since the highest conception rates were observed if the females had mated during this period.     

Determination of Competitive Adsorption and Desorption of Heavy Metals by Isotherm and Sequential Extraction Methods in Different Soil Orders in Erzurum Plain

The objective of this study was to DTPA （complexion agent） and a sequential extraction procedure, and adsorption-desorption isotherm （competitive） evaluate the mobility and distribution of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Pb using the in surface samples of five soil great groups differing in their physicochemical properties. For determining heavy metal adsorption and desorption capacities of soil samples, six different concentrations （0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg Lt） were used in a laboratory experiment with tree replications. An analytical procedure involving sequential chemical extractions has been used for partitioning of heavy metals into five fractions. Sorption isotherms were characterized using linear, Frendlich and Langmuir equations. The results indicated that the selective sequences of the metal adsorption based on the distribution coefficient was Pb〉Cu〉Ni〉Cd〉Zn〉Mn〉Fe and Pb, Cu, and Ni are the most strongly sorbed metals by these soils, whereas Cd, Zn and Mn are the least sorbed ones. The total adsorbed amount of these metals on the studied soils was well described by Langmuir equation. Calciorthid had the highset Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Mn, and Fe adsorption, and the sequences followed order Fluvaquent〉Argiustoll〉Pellustert〉Haplustept of the studied soil.     

Concentration of isoflavones and other phenolics in the aerial parts of Trifolium species

Some species of the genus Trifolium are well-known for their content of isoflavones, which are natural compounds showing health-promoting activities. Until recently, only a few species of this genus have been characterized with respect to their composition. In the present study, 57 Trifolium species have been analyzed for their contents of isoflavones, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and clovamides. The cluster analysis of experimental data allowed us to identify a number of species, which should be of interest as potential sources of these metabolites. The isoflavone contents of the three species ( T. heldreichianum, T. scabrum, and T. subterraneum) had extremely high amounts of these compounds, reaching 7-9% of dry matter, and the concentration in a number of other species was higher or at least comparable to the amounts occurring in T. pratense, one of the major isoflavone sources for the nutraceutical industry. Several species contained high amounts of all four analyzed groups of phenolics (isoflavones, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and clovamides). These species may also be of great interest as the association of several groups of active molecules is highly desired for effective disease prevention.     

Nutrient utilization and manure P excretion in growing pigs fed corn-barley-soybean based diets supplemented with microbial phytase

The effect of high levels of microbial phytase supplementation in diets for growing pigs was studied in a 2‐week performance and nutrient digestibility trial involving 28 growing pigs weighing 16.4 ± 1.06 (mean ± SD) kg. Seven corn‐barley‐soybean meal‐based diets consisting of a positive control (PC) formulated to meet or exceed NRC nutrient requirements; a negative control (NC) with non‐phytate P reduced by 0.1% unit from NRC requirement and fed without or with 500 or 1000 U/kg; a doubled negative control (DNC) with no added inorganic P and fed without or with 2000 or 4000 U/kg. Chromic oxide was added as an indigestible marker and all diets were fed as mash. Pigs fed the PC diet had a higher P digestibility compared with those fed the NC (P < 0.02) and the DNC (P < 0.001) diets. Supplementing the NC diet with pyhtase tended to improve P digestibility (P < 0.10). However, addition of phytase to the DNC diet resulted in linear (P < 0.001) and quadratic (P < 0.03) increases in P digestibility with an overall improvement of 8% and 121% at 4000 phytase U/kg of diet, respectively, compared with the PC and DNC diets. Apparent total tract digestibility of N, OM and DM were higher (P < 0.05) in the PC diet compared with the DNC diet, but not the NC diet (P < 0.10). No effect of phytase addition to NC was observed on Ca, N, DM and OM digestibility. Phytase addition to the DNC diet resulted in a linear increase (P < 0.05) in N, DM and OM digestibility but not Ca. Increasing the levels of phytase supplementation in the NC and the DNC diets linearly decreased fecal P (P < 0.05) content by 45 and 42%, respectively. Adding phytase at 1000 or 4000 U/kg increased P retention (P < 0.05) by 14.3 or 15.6% units, respectively, compared with the PC diet. Urinary P excretion was higher in the group fed the PC diet compared with those fed the NC and DNC diets (P < 0.05). The results of this study show that complete removal of inorganic P from growing pig diets coupled with phytase supplementation improves digestibility and retention of P and N, thus reducing manure P excretion without any negative effect on pig performance.