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11.
Georgieva TM Georgiev IP Ontsouka E Hammon HM Pfaffl MW Blum JW 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(9):2294-2300
The somatotropic axis and insulin are involved in pre- and postnatal development. In pre- and full-term calves (GrP0 and GrN0; born after 277 and 290 d of pregnancy, respectively) and in preterm calves on d 8 of life after being fed for 7 d (GrP8), we studied whether there are differences in the abundance of messenger RNA (mRNA) of IGF-I and IGF-II and of receptors for GH, IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin among different intestinal sites (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon) and whether there are ontogenetic differences during the perinatal period in intestine and liver. Intestinal site differences (P < 0.05) existed in mRNA levels of IGF-I and IGF-II and receptors for GH, IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin. Abundance of mRNA of IGF-I and -II and of receptors for IGF-I and GH was highest (P < 0.05) in the colon, abundance of the receptor for IGF-II was comparably high in the colon and ileum, and that of the receptor for insulin was similarly high in colon, ileum, and jejunum. Among GrP0, GrN0, and GrP8 groups, there were differences (P < 0.05) in mRNA levels of IGF-I and IGF-II and of receptors for GH, IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin. Abundance of mRNA of IGF-I and IGF-II and of receptors for GH, IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin was highest (P < 0.05) in GrP0 calves immediately after birth and was primarily seen in the ileum. In liver, the mRNA levels differed (P < 0.05) among groups for IGF-II and receptors for IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin, and were highest (P < 0.05) for IGF-II in GrP0, for receptors of IGF-I in GrN0, and were higher (P < 0.05) in GrP0 than GrP8 for receptors of IGF-II. In conclusion, mRNA levels of IGF-I and IGF-II and of receptors for GH, IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin were different at different intestinal sites and in intestine and liver and changed during the perinatal period. 相似文献
12.
Deboer DJ Schafer JH Salsbury CS Blum JR Beale KM Vitale CB Muse R Moriello KA Garfield RA Keefe TJ McArthur TR 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(3):408-413
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide topical solution (TTS) in dogs for use in reduction of clinical signs of pruritic inflammatory skin diseases of a known or suspected allergic basis and to evaluate adverse effects associated with TTS administration. ANIMALS: 103 pruritic adult dogs with known or suspected allergic skin disease. PROCEDURE: Dogs were treated for 4 weeks with TTS or with vehicle solution (control dogs) in a multiple-center study. Clinical signs were scored by owners and by examining veterinarians before and after treatment. Blood samples obtained before and after treatment were subjected to routine hematologic and serum biochemical analyses. RESULTS: Treatment success, as defined by an improvement of at least 2 of 6 grades in overall clinical score, was evident in 35 of 52 (67%) TTS-treated dogs (mean improvement, 1.98) and 12 of 51 (24%) control dogs (mean improvement, 0.29). For several criteria, TTS was significantly more effective than vehicle in reducing clinical signs. Minor alterations in hematologic determinations in TTS-treated dogs were limited to slightly lower total leukocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts after treatment. Minor adverse effects were reported by owners in 6 of 52 (12%) TTS-treated and 9 of 51 (18%) control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Triamcinolone used as a spray solution at a concentration approximately one-sixth the concentration of triamcinolone topical preparations currently available for veterinary use is effective for short-term alleviation of allergic pruritus in dogs. Adverse effects are few and mild and, thus, do not preclude prolonged treatment with the solution. 相似文献
13.
DeBoer DJ Moriello KA Blum JL Volk LM Bredahl LK 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(11):1532-1537
OBJECTIVE: To determine antidermatophyte immunologic effects of an experimental combined live-inactivated dermatophytosis vaccine (CLIDV) and a commercial inactivated dermatophytosis vaccine (IDV) in cats and to evaluate adverse effects associated with administration of these vaccines. ANIMALS: 20 healthy juvenile domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURE: Cats were injected with 2 doses of CLIDV at the standard dosage or 1 dose of CLIDV at 10 times the standard dosage; IDV was administered at the manufacturer-recommended dosage. Cats were observed for illness and reactions at inoculation sites. Periodically, samples were obtained for fungal culture, lymphocyte blastogenesis test (LBT) as an indicator of cell-mediated immunity against dermatophyte antigens, and antidermatophyte IgG titers. Following vaccination, cats were challenge-exposed by topical application of Microsporum canis macroconidia and examined weekly for clinical signs of dermatophytosis. RESULTS: of 10 cats given CLIDV developed focal crusts at the injection site that resolved without treatment; these were areas of dermatophyte infection with the vaccine strain. Antidermatophyte IgG titers increased significantly with all vaccination protocols. Cellular immunity against M canis increased slightly and variably during the vaccination period and did not differ significantly between vaccinated and control cats. All cats developed dermatophyte infection after challenge exposure. Vaccination with CLIDV or IDV was associated with slightly reduced severity of initial infection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Noculation with IDV or CLIDV did not provide prophylactic immunity against topical challenge exposure with M canis. Inoculation with either vaccine did not provide a more rapid cure of an established infection. 相似文献
14.
Bittrich S Morel C Philipona C Zbinden Y Hammon HM Blum JW 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2002,86(5-6):185-198
Morbidity and mortality of preterm neonatal calves are higher than of calves born at normal term, possibly and in part due to immaturity of physiological functions. Physiological parameters were therefore studied during the first week of life in seven preterm calves, born on day 277 of gestation after dams were injected prostaglandin F2alpha and flumethason. Calves were fed colostrum of the first milking for the first 3 days and from day 4 to day 7 the same colostrum diluted with milk replacer. Body weight increased during the first week of life by 2.2 kg. Heart rate and respiratory rate were always relatively high, whereas values of rectal temperature, blood gases, haematological, metabolic and endocrine traits were in the range and behaved similarly as is the experience in full-term neonatal calves. Major exceptions were glucose and insulin, the concentrations of which barely rose postprandially, and growth hormone, the responses of which to growth hormone releasing factor analogue 1-29 were extremely variable and in part very small. In conclusion, calves born 2 week before normal term that survived the first week of life, although physiologically immature, were well able to handle ingested nutrients and to control their metabolism. 相似文献
15.
Kühne S Hammon HM Bruckmaier RM Morel C Zbinden Y Blum JW 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(3):609-620
Colostrum (CO) contains high amounts, whereas whole milk and milk replacer (MR) contain small amounts, of bioactive and growth-promoting substances, such as IGF-I. An experiment was designed to study the effects of feeding CO or MR on the first 3 d to neonatal calves, followed by whole milk up to d 7, at low and high density. Intestinal absorptive capacity, plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations, and growth performance were measured during the 1st wk of life. Body weight increased (P < .05) similarly in calves fed low or high amounts of CO but did not rise in MR-fed calves. Loose feces were more frequent (P < .05) and absorption of xylose on d 5 was lower (P < .01) in MR- than in CO-fed calves, but there were no effects of feeding density within CO-fed or within MR-fed groups. However, high feeding density within CO-fed groups enhanced (P < .05) total protein, globulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, and insulin concentrations, whereas in the initially high and low MR-fed groups only plasma glucose and insulin after the first meal and plasma NEFA on d 2 were modified (P < .05) by different feeding density. Thus, feeding different amounts of CO partly influenced protein and fat metabolism in calves during the 1st wk of life, but it did not measurably affect intestinal function. However, feeding different amounts of MR, in the absence of CO, barely affected metabolic and endocrine traits and absorptive capacity. Thus, high density CO feeding, and therefore a high supply of nutrients, together with greater amounts of bioactive and growth-promoting substances influenced neonatal metabolism and growth more than a high density of MR feeding containing only small amounts of bioactive and growth-promoting substances. Factors in addition to nutrient density seem to be important for the development of neonatal calves. 相似文献
16.
Colostrum intake is important for health and postnatal development of neonatal calves. We studied the effects of enhanced first colostrum feeding on growth, health status, and metabolic and endocrine traits in calves during their 1st wk of life. Calves of group CL (GrCL; n = 7) were fed colostrum of milkings 1 to 6 twice daily during the first 3 d of life, followed by milk replacer (MR) up to d 7. Calves of group CH (GrCH; n = 7) were fed colostrum of the first milking during the first 3 d and then colostrum (of the first milking) twice daily, which on d 4, 5, 6, and 7 was diluted with 25, 50, 75, and 75 parts of MR, respectively. Pre- and postprandial blood samples were taken on d 1, 2, 3, and 7 for the determination of various metabolic and endocrine traits, and on d 5 intestinal absorption capacity was measured using the xylose absorption test. Rectal temperatures and fecal scores were higher (P < .05) in GrCH than in GrCL. Plasma concentrations of total protein and albumin were higher (P < .05) on d 7, IgG on d 2 and 3, and urea on d 2, 3, and 7 in GrCH than in GrCL. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides were higher (P < .05) on d 2 and of phospholipids and cholesterol were higher (P < .01) on d 7 in GrCH than in GrCL. Plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations were higher (P < .05) in GrCH than in GrCL, whereas prolactin and growth hormone concentrations were higher (P < .05) in GrCL than in GrCH. Enhanced colostrum intake had no effects on xylose absorption on d 5. Higher plasma protein, urea, and lipid concentrations in GrCH partly mirrored higher protein and fat intake but additionally pointed to higher protein synthesis and lipid turnover. 相似文献
17.
Three management programmes to improve the reproductive performance of a dairy herd were compared in a prospective controlled field study on one commercial farm. A total of 542 cows were examined for endometritis 22 to 28 days postpartum and assigned to one of three treatment groups: in group 1 the cows with signs of endometritis were treated with an intrauterine infusion of 100 ml of a 2 per cent polycondensated m-cresolsulphuric acid formaldehyde solution; in group 2 the cows with signs of endometritis were treated with an intrauterine infusion of 125 ml of a 20 per cent eucalyptus compositum solution; and in group 3 all the cows were injected intramuscularly with 0.75 mg of tiaprost, an analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) at two-week intervals, starting on day 43, until they were inseminated. Thirty-four per cent of the cows showed signs of endometritis. In group 3, oestrus detection efficiency was significantly higher than in groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05), the interval to first service was shorter, and the cows had fewer days open than the cows in groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05). The results indicate that management programmes based on the strategic use of PGF2alpha are an effective alternative to traditional programmes based on rectal palpations and intrauterine infusions to control endometritis at a herd level. 相似文献
18.
19.
Differential reaction of wheat cultivars to hot environments 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary Ten to 20 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of Israeli origin were grown in three winter (normal) and two summer (abnormal) growing seasons. During the period of emergence to anthesis mean daily temperature was on the average 12°C higher and photoperiod was about 3 h longer in the summer than in the winter. Data was collected on the durations of the periods from emergence to double-ridge (GS1), double ridge to anthesis (GS2) and anthesis to grain maturation (GS3), as well as on yield and yield components.The duration of all developmental stages was reduced by high temperature. While the duration of GS2 was the most thermo-sensitive, it may also have been reduced by the longer summer photoperiod. The effect of photoperiod on GS2 could not be isolated, but the results were interpreted to show that the effect of photoperiod on the duration of GS2 was relatively small.The most heat-affected yield component was number of grains per spikelet and the least affected component was the number of spikes per plant. High temperature reduced grain weight via reduced grain growth duration and not grain growth rate. A general linear regression model of yield on its components revealed that while variation for number of spikes per plant had the greatest effect on yield variation among cultivars in the winter, variation for number of grains per spikelet and spikelets per spike were by far the most important in the summer. Grain weight was the least important component, in this respect, in all seasons. Varieties which sustained the highest yield in hot environments were able to maintain the longest duration of GS2 and the highest number of grain per spike. 相似文献
20.
Summary A series of experiments was performed in order to evaluate the significance of seed germination and seedling growth in osmotic media as screening methods for drought tolerance.Ten spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) and one durum wheat (Triticum durum
Desf.) were tested under controlled environments, using polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) solutions as the moisture stress inducing media.Tolerance in the rate of endosperm utilization, under stress, prior to the onset of germination varied among cultivars.Germination rate or injury to germination at various concentrations of PEG differed significantly among cultivars. Cultivar rating with respect to injury to germination changed with stress levels. Injury to germination did not correlate with endosperm utilization rate in PEG or in water.Germinating seedlings were tolerant to extreme desiccation up to the stage of emergence of the first leaf from the coleoptile.Growth of photosynthesizing seedlings was monitored as they were carried through an increasing concentration gradient of PEG solutions, ranging from –5.9 to –11.3 bars of water potential. Cultivars significantly differed in seedling growth tolerance to increasing levels of water stress. Seedling growth tolerance across cultivars was not correlated with their germination responses under srress.It is concluded that tolerance to water stress in growing seedlings can be screened for by using PEG-containing nutrient solutions. It can not be predicted from germination tests in osmotica.Work was done under a US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) Grant no. 1654/78.Contribution from Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, No. 192-E, 1979 series. 相似文献