美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒RT-LAMP可视化快速检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种快速诊断美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(NA-PRRSV)的可视化检测方法,根据GenBank已发表的美洲型PRRSV经典病毒株JXA1序列,运用在线生物软件设计合成并筛选出1组引物,通过反应体系优化,建立了NA-PRRSV RT-LAMP可视化快速检测方法,并验证了该方法的特异性、敏感性,同时开展了初步临床应用。结果显示:该方法具有良好的特异性和较高的灵敏度,可检测病毒RNA模板的最低浓度为10 copies/μL;应用该方法检测30份临床样品,结果与实时荧光RT-PCR方法符合率为100%,进一步证实了该方法的可行性。结果表明,所建立的RT-LAMP检测方法具有特异性好、灵敏度高、快速、可视等优点,适用于NA-PRRSV的现场快速检测。本研究为NA-PRRSV的快速、准确鉴别提供了有效手段。     

农业教育结构调整思考

阐述了农业人才市场结构关系以及高教管理对高教结构的影响,对农业教育结构的状况及其问题进行了剖析,提出了农业教育集团化管理、完善高学历层次、调整本科层次、重组高职层次、放活中职和按质论价等农业教育结构调整的基本思路。     

Detection of arboviruses in Culicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) collected from animal farms in the border areas of Yunnan Province,China

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides(order Diptera, family Ceratopogonidae) are potential biological vectors for the transmission of certain arboviruses among humans, livestock, and wild animals. This study collected a total of 405 Culicoides individuals from seven animal farms located in five counties in the border areas of Yunnan Province, China, and examined the Culicoides species composition and the major arboviruses carried by the Culicoides species. The collected Culicoides were classified into seven species with variable abundances: Culicoides arakawae(5.43%, 22/405), Culicoides homotomus(1.23%, 5/405), Culicoides obsoletus(19.75%, 80/405), Culicoides orientalis(17.28%, 70/405), Culicoides oxystoma(29.38%, 119/405), Culicoides peregrinus(5.68%, 23/405), and Culicoides nipponensis(21.23%, 86/405). Among the seven species, C. oxystoma and C. nipponensis were distributed in all the five counties with abundances of 13.33–44.87% and 10.00–46.83%, respectively, suggesting that these were the dominant species of Culicoides widespread on animal farms in the border areas. PCR was used to detect major arboviruses in the collected Culicoides specimens, including bluetongue virus(BTV), Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Zika virus, African swine fever virus, and African horse sickness virus. Among the tested viruses, only BTV serotype 1 was tested positive in C. oxystoma specimens collected from a buffalo farm. Culicoides oxystoma was the dominant species on animal farms in the sampled areas, but it has not previously been documented as positive for BTV in China. The current results thus suggest that C. oxystoma could be an important vector for BTV transmission in these border areas, which, however, needs to be confirmed by further comprehensive experiments. Overall, the present study provides the first profile of Culicoides species on animal farms in the China, Vietnam, and Myanmar border areas, establishes the prevalence of arboviruses carried by these Culicoides species, and suggests the vector potential of C. oxystoma species for the transmission of BTV.     

酸性染料在桦木中的渗透与吸附

采用扫描电镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱分析手段研究了木材染色过程中染料在桦木中的渗透与附着过程:当染料质量分数较高时,在放大1 500倍的SEM照片中观察到大量染料分子发生聚集,较多地吸附在单板表层;而当染料质量分数较低时,则观察不到染料分子。这种情况同时发生在单板芯层。在试验中,用肉眼观察到的颜色变化证明了单板已经吸附了染料分子。通过对染色过程中酸性橙Ⅱ的脱附和FTIR谱图分析可以推断,酸性橙Ⅱ与桦木的结合是以物理吸附为主,但这种吸附力较弱,染料较易流失。     

半定量RT-PCR方法研究microRNA393在旱处理后的孕穗期水稻叶片和穗部的表达情况

microRNAs是新近发现的一类具有重要功能的小分子RNA.研究表明,一些miRNAs与植物抗逆反应相关.本文使用半定量RT-PCR的方法,研究了miR393在旱处理后的孕穗期水稻叶片和穗部的表达情况.结果发现,miR393在胁迫后的叶片和穗部表达上调.同时也发现,miR393在胁迫前后穗部的表达略高于其在叶片中的表达.实验结果也表明,半定量RT-PCR适用于分析miRNAs的表达.     

车身焊点布置优化研究

以某款车身为研究对象,对已有焊点布置进行拓扑优化,在保证车身综合性能条件下进一步减少焊点数量。首先建立弯曲工况、扭转工况和模态工况,分析其刚度、强度以及模态,然后利用拓扑优化对焊点进行优化布置。焊点拓扑优化以车身焊点体积最小为优化目标,以保证原有弯曲、扭转以及模态工况下的性能为约束条件,设计变量为焊点单元密度。最后,通过仿真对比验证基于拓扑优化车身焊点的优越性。结果表明,车身焊点数量由3841降到3786,减少了55个焊点,基于拓扑优化后的车身综合性能基本保持不变,有效降低了成本。     

猪GPX5基因、FUT1基因和NCOA1基因的多态性分析

采用PCR-RFLP法对大自猪、杜洛克、长白猪、民猪和野家杂交猪的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶5(Glutathion-Peroxidase 5,GPX5)基因、岩藻糖转移酶1(Fucosyltransferase1,FUT1)基因和核受体辅激活蛋白1(Nuclear receptor co-aetivator 1,NCOA1)基因进行多态性检测,结果表明:GPX5基因用Hinf I酶切可获得3种基因型,FUT1基因用Hha I酶切可获得3种基因型,NCOA1基因用Rsa I酶切可获得3种基因型.同时对不同基因的基因型频率和基因频率进行计算,并分析相应基因的遗传效应.     

20%咪鲜胺·异菌脲悬浮剂的高效液相色谱分析

本文采用高效液相色谱法分析20%咪鲜胺·异菌脲悬浮剂,使用C18反相柱和紫外可变波长检测器,以甲醇 水为流动相,用外标法对有效成分进行分析和定量。咪鲜胺和异菌脲标准偏差分别为0.055和0.021变异系数分别为0.53%和0.19%。平均回收率分别为98.95%和99.10%。     

不同基因型马铃薯淀粉抗性的比较

用小麦淀粉酶和唾液淀粉酶酶解马铃薯淀粉,通过测定淀粉酶解混合物中可溶性糖的体积分数,研究马铃薯3种不同的基因型(早熟、中熟、晚熟)淀粉抗性的大小.结果表明:不同基因型马铃薯淀粉抗性具有极显著差异:早熟品种(NP10)<中熟品种(NP8)<晚熟品种(87-10).     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions

Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of marine-derived natural products. Most marine-derived alkaloids are biologically active and show promising applications in modern (agro)chemical, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Different approaches have been established to access these marine-derived alkaloids. Among these employed methods, biotechnological approaches, namely, (chemo)enzymatic synthesis, have significant potential for playing a central role in alkaloid production on an industrial scale. In this review, we discuss research progress on marine-derived alkaloid synthesis via enzymatic reactions and note the advantages and disadvantages of their applications for industrial production, as well as green chemistry for marine natural product research.