行比对不同豆禾间作模式产量与品质的影响

豆禾间作是有效提高土地利用率的方式,有利于缓解江淮地区草地面积不足的情况。本研究在2017-2018年,通过对五个播种比例下的金花菜（Medicago polymorpha L.）+燕麦（Avena sativa L.）间作与箭筈豌豆（Vicia sativa L.）+燕麦间作进行比较;通过其产量及营养价值等数据评价其优劣。结果表明,箭筈豌豆与燕麦比例3.3：8的间作具有最高总干草产量,为1 595.72 g·m^-2。金花菜与燕麦比例6.6：4的间作具有最高的土地当量比和土地利用率,分别为1.36和132.58%,且总干草产量第二。竞争力指数表明金花菜的种群竞争力要高于箭筈豌豆。在营养价值方面,金花菜+燕麦间作更具优势;燕麦与金花菜间作后的粗蛋白含量达到13.88%~14.09%,高于箭筈豌豆间作中的13.19%~13.44%。综合来看,两种间作模式各有优劣,以燕麦产量为导向时,箭筈豌豆+燕麦比例为6.6：4和3.3：8的间作模式更优;而若是只考虑最高的土地利用率,则金花菜+燕麦比例为6.6：4的间作模式更优。     

羊传染性胸膜肺炎防治

羊传染性胸膜肺炎是一种高度接触性传染性疾病,致病原是肺炎支原体。妊娠阶段的母羊受到病原侵染后表现为流产产下死胎,并表现出明显的繁殖障碍。近年,此病发生率逐年升高,造成的死亡现象不断增强,严重威胁养殖产业健康发展。作为养殖管理人员,应从该种疾病的流行病学、临床表现、病理变化和诊断方法等多角度入手,构建针对性的防治措施,严格落实预防为主的原则,为提高养殖效益奠定坚实的技术支撑。该文主要探讨羊传染性胸膜肺炎的防治过程。     

Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.     

黄土高原沟壑区环境与牧草适宜性的调查分析

2003年6-7月,对黄土高原地区甘肃庆阳宁县瓦斜乡东风沟内的天然植被进行了种类和盖度的调查.结合调查数据,根据草地资源调查规划学原理对生态系统健康状况与草地退化程度进行了评价,提出该区退化草地生态系统培育与恢复、退耕还草区域环境改良的建议.查询"中国草业开发专家系统"后,根据该软件中"牧草栽培"与"草原综合顺序分类"模块提供的专家建议,比较实验数据,做出牧草适宜性分析.     

水溶性苜蓿多糖对肉仔鸡T、B淋巴细胞体外增殖的影响

为探讨水溶性苜蓿多糖(WSAP)对体外培养的肉仔鸡淋巴细胞增殖的影响。本研究将不同浓度的WSAP分别加入到体外培养的用伴刀豆球蛋白A(ConA)刺激的肉仔鸡外周血、胸腺、脾脏淋巴细胞中和用细菌脂多糖(LPS)刺激的肉仔鸡外周血、脾脏、法氏囊淋巴细胞中,培养48h后用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定淋巴细胞增殖的变化。结果显示:(1)在本试验中,当WSAP在一定浓度范围(4～20μg·mL-1)内时,T、B淋巴细胞的OD值比对照组高,且随着多糖浓度的增加,数值先增高(1～20μg·mL-1)后降低(100～200μg·mL-1);(2)同浓度WSAP对肉仔鸡外周血及不同的免疫器官的刺激强度不同,相同日龄时,肉仔鸡外周血和脾脏T、B淋巴细胞的OD值分别小于胸腺和法氏囊的OD值;(3)WSAP对相同日龄的肉仔鸡外周血及不同的免疫器官的最佳刺激浓度不同,对外周血的最佳刺激浓度为20μg·mL-1,脾脏为8μg·mL-1,法氏囊和胸腺为15μg·mL-1。本试验中WSAP对肉仔鸡体外淋巴细胞增殖的刺激浓度在8、15、20μg·mL-1时效果较好,这些结果表明一定浓度的WSAP可以促进肉仔鸡淋巴细胞的增殖,且存在一定的量效、时效关系和组织特异性。     

足迹特征在警犬使用中的实战运用

本文通过介绍足迹特征在警犬追踪中起点突破、作业判断、断踪处理、终点鉴别方法中的具体运用,分析了足迹特征在警犬追踪过程中的重要性,强调了“人犬合一”的警犬追踪要与足迹特征相结合的必要性和可操作性。     

乳牛血清钙磷乘积与骨密度的关系

对３０头乳牛的血清钙，血清无机磷和骨密度值进行了测定，并进行了钙磷乘积与骨密度值的相关分析，研究表明，血清钙磷乘积为３２（２８～３４）时，骨密度增加最少，其增加值与血清钙，钙磷比值呈显著负相关，钙磷乘积为３８（３５～４０）时，骨密度增加最多，其增加值与血清钙，钙磷化呈极显著负相关，与血清无机磷呈显著性相关，钙磷乘积为５５（４１～１０４）时，骨密度增加居第二位，其增加值与血清钙，血清无机磷，钙磷乘积     

Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

Bactrian camel is an ancient and precious species of livestock; that is, unique resources exist in the desert and have important economic and scientific value. In recent years, the number of Bactrian camels has declined sharply. Due to its long reproductive cycle and seasonal oestrus, the mechanism of oestrus is unknown. To identify candidate biomarkers of reproduction, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of serum from Bactrian camel in oestrus and non-oestrus, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 359 proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed: 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated in samples from camels in oestrus. We validated the differential expression of a subset of these proteins using qPCR and Western blot. Gene ontology annotation identified that the differentially expressed proteins function in cellular processes, metabolic processes and immune system processes. Notably, five of the differentially expressed proteins, PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2, are involved in reproductive regulatory processes in other animals. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in several cardiac-related pathways, such as ‘dilated cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, ‘cardiac muscle contraction’ and ‘adrenergic signalling in cardiomyopathy’. Our results suggest that candidate biomarker (PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2) discovery can aid in understanding reproduction in Bactrian camels. We conclude that the profiling of serum proteomes, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying mechanisms of oestrus.     

公司化运营的丹寨模式：新型基层兽医服务模式（三）

公司化运营丹寨模式是贵州省建立的一种新的基层兽医服务模式。为推广这一新模式,从模式的成立背景、项目营运、收入分配和运转成效等方面进行了系统介绍,从村级防检员收入、服务能力等方面剖析了该新型模式的先进性,并提出了推动该模式持续健康发展的相关建议。