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81.
AbstractZaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a successful invasive drosophilid that is currently impacting fig production in Mexico and Brazil. Very few studies have examined the improvement of trapping strategies for this pest. Here, we compared visual responses of Z. indianus to different colors and olfactory cues. Orange and brown colored traps were among the most attractive in choice and no-choice tests, with violet and white being the least attractive colors. Orange traps with brown circles around the access holes were more attractive than uniformly orange traps. Apple cider vinegar was significantly more attractive to adults than sugar cane vinegar or grape juice but was not significantly more attractive than white wine and red wine vinegars. Captures of Z. indianus in apple cider vinegar-baited traps were not improved by the addition of grape, pineapple or apple juices, or when compared against a sucrose solution or grape juice fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or grape juice fermented with Candida tropicalis. Pairwise comparisons of Z. indianus attraction to S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis indicated a high dependence on the growth media used. Orange traps with brown circles baited with apple cider vinegar may prove useful for monitoring this pest under field conditions. 相似文献
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83.
Stephanie Fissekis David S. Hodgson Nora M. Bello 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):890-898
Objective
To evaluate oxygen flowmeters for accuracy and precision, assess the effects of cleaning and assess conformity to the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards.Study design
Experimental study.Methods
The flow of oxygen flowmeters from 31 anesthesia machines aged 1–45 years was measured before and after cleaning using a volumetric flow analyzer set at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 L minute?1. A general linear mixed models approach was used to assess flow accuracy and precision.Results
Flowmeters 1 year of age delivered accurate mean oxygen flows at all settings regardless of cleaning status. Flowmeters ≥5 years of age underdelivered at flows of 3.0 and 4.0 L minute?1. Flowmeters ≥12 years underdelivered at flows of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 L minute?1 prior to cleaning. There was no evidence of any beneficial effect of cleaning on accuracy of flowmeters 5–12 years of age (p > 0.22), but the accuracy of flowmeters ≥15 years of age was improved by cleaning (p < 0.05). Regardless of age, cleaning increased precision, decreasing flow variability by approximately 17%. Nine of 31 uncleaned flowmeters did not meet ASTM standards. After cleaning, a different set of nine flowmeters did not meet standards, including three that had met standards prior to cleaning.Conclusions
Older flowmeters were more likely to underdeliver oxygen, especially at higher flows. Regardless of age, cleaning decreased flow variability, improving precision. However, flowmeters still may fail to meet ASTM standards, regardless of cleaning status.Clinical relevance
Cleaning anesthesia machine oxygen flowmeters improved precision for all tested machines and partially corrected inaccuracies in flowmeters ≥15 years old. A notable proportion of flowmeters did not meet ASTM standards. Cleaning did not ensure that they subsequently conformed to ASTM standards. We recommend annual flow output validation to identify whether flowmeters are acceptable for continued clinical use. 相似文献84.
Carmela Valastro BSc Antonio Di Bello Antonio Crovace 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(1):63-64
Congenital elbow luxations are responsible for 17-20% of nontraumatic lameness of the elbow joint. They are not associated with a growth disorder or trauma. Congenital elbow luxation has been observed in dogs, but no data were found about this condition in cats. In this report, we describe congenital bilateral elbow subluxation in a cat. 相似文献
85.
86.
Mojiminiyi FB Dikko M Muhammad BY Ojobor PD Ajagbonna OP Okolo RU Igbokwe UV Mojiminiyi UE Fagbemi MA Bello SO Anga TJ 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(4):292-297
The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of an aqueous calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) in two forms of experimental hypertension: salt-induced and L-NAME (N(omega)-L-arginine methyl ester)-induced and in normotensive controls. The blood pressure and heart rate fell dose-dependently in both the hypertensive and normotensive rats after intravenous injection of 1-125 mg/kg of HS, suggesting that HS possesses anti-hypertensive, hypotensive and negative chronotropic effects. The fall in mean arterial pressure was significantly pronounced in the hypertensive rats (salt-induced: 94.4+/-8.6 mm Hg; L-NAME-induced: 136.5+/-10.3 mm Hg) than in the normotensive controls (50.2+/-5.1 mm Hg; P<0.05). 相似文献
87.
Lucky O. Omoigui Alpha Y. Kamara Hakeem A. Ajeigbe Richard O. Akinwale Michael P. Timko Muhyideen Oyekunle Lateef L. Bello 《Euphytica》2017,213(11):244
Striga gesnerioides (Willd) Vatke, is a major destructive parasitic weed of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) which causes substantial yield reduction in West and Central Africa. The presence of different virulent races within the parasite population contributes to significant genotype × environment interaction, and complicates breeding for durable resistance to Striga. A 3-year study was conducted at three locations in the dry savanna agro-ecology of Nigeria, where Striga gesnerioides is endemic. The primary objective of the study was to identify cowpea genotypes with high yield under Striga infestation and yield stability across test environments and to access suitability of the test environment. Data collected on grain yield and yield components were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Means from ANOVA were subjected to the genotype main effect plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analysis to examine the multi-environment trial data and rank genotypes according to the environments. Genotypes, environment, and genotypes × environment interaction mean squares were significant for grain yield and yield components, and number of emerged Striga plants. The environment accounted for 35.01%, whereas the genotype × environment interaction accounted for 9.10% of the variation in grain yield. The GGE biplot identified UAM09 1046-6-1 (V7), and UAM09 1046-6-2 (V8), as ideal genotypes suggesting that these genotypes performed relatively well in all study environments and could be regarded as adapted to a wide range of locations. Tilla was the most repeatable and ideal location for selecting widely adapted genotypes for resistance to S. gesnerioides. 相似文献
88.
Siti Nor Azizah Mahamud Muhammad Bashir Bello Aini Ideris Abdul Rahman Omar 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2022,23(4)
BackgroundThe commercially available Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines were developed based on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates genetically divergent from field strains that can only prevent clinical disease, not shedding of virulent heterologous virus, highlighting the need to develop genotype-matched vaccinesObjectivesThis study examined the efficacy of the NDV genotype-matched vaccine, mIBS025 strain formulated in standard vaccine stabilizer, and in carboxymethyl sago starch-acid hydrogel (CMSS-AH) following vaccination via an eye drop (ED) and drinking water (DW).MethodsA challenge virus was prepared from a recent NDV isolated from ND vaccinated flock. Groups of specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with mIBS025 vaccine strain prepared in a standard vaccine stabilizer and CMSS-AH via ED and DW and then challenged with the UPM/NDV/IBS362/2016 strain.ResultsChickens vaccinated with CMSS-AH mIBS025 ED (group 2) developed the earliest and highest Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) NDV antibody titer (8log2) followed by standard mIBS025 ED (group 3) (7log2) both conferred complete protection and drastically reduced virus shedding. By contrast, chickens vaccinated with standard mIBS025 DW (group 5) and CMSS-AH mIBS025 DW (group 4) developed low HI NDV antibody titers of 4log2 and 3log2, respectively, which correspondingly conferred only 50% and 60% protection and continuously shed the virulent virus via the oropharyngeal and cloacal routes until the end of the study at 14 dpc.ConclusionsThe efficacy of mIBS025 vaccines prepared in a standard vaccine stabilizer or CMSS-AH was affected by the vaccination routes. The groups vaccinated via ED had better protective immunity than those vaccinated via DW. 相似文献
89.
Coetzee JF Edwards LN Mosher RA Bello NM O'Connor AM Wang B Kukanich B Blasi DA 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(3):1026-1039
Castration in weaned calves is stressful and affects profitability by reducing ADG and increasing susceptibility to disease. This study evaluated the effect of meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on performance and health of calves received as steers compared with bull calves surgically castrated on arrival at the feedlot. British × Continental bulls (n = 145) and steers (n = 113; BW = 193 to 285 kg) were transported for 12 h in 3 truckloads (d 0), weighed, and randomly assigned to receive either lactose placebo (CONT; 1 mg/kg) or meloxicam (MEL; 1 mg/kg) suspended in water and administered per os, 24 h before castration. On d 1, bulls were surgically castrated (CAST) and steers were processed without castration (STR). Combinations of CONT/MEL and CAST/STR were allocated to 24 pens (6 pens per treatment) of 8 to 14 calves each. Pen was the experimental unit. Plasma meloxicam concentrations at the time of castration (d 1) were determined by HPLC-mass spectroscopy. Pen-level ADG, DMI, and G:F were estimated using BW obtained on d 0, 14, and 28 and weigh-back of feed. Individual animals were classified as sick based on a depression score of ≥2 on a 5-point scale and a rectal temperature of ≥39.8°C. On d 0, 1, and 14, calf chute temperament was evaluated using a 4-point scale. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models and survival curve analyses. Castration reduced pen ADG (P < 0.001) and G:F (P < 0.001) from d 1 to 14, yet no effects (P > 0.45) were apparent by d 28. For all treatment groups, DMI increased with days on feed (P < 0.0001) but was less in CAST compared with STR calves (P < 0.016) throughout the study. From d 15 to 28, ADG increased (P = 0.0011) in CAST but not STR calves, and G:F decreased (P = 0.0004) in STR but not CAST calves. In CAST calves only, MEL treatment reduced the pen-level first pull rate (P = 0.04) and reduced bovine respiratory disease morbidity rate (P = 0.03). The frequency of chute escape behavior was greater on arrival and at castration in CAST vs. STR calves (P < 0.01) but not significantly different at d 14 (P = 0.22). Mean MEL concentrations at castration were no different between treated STR and CAST calves (P = 0.70). Meloxicam administration before castration in postweaning calves reduced the incidence of respiratory disease at the feedlot. These findings have implications for developing NSAID protocols for use in calves at castration with respect to addressing animal health and welfare concerns. 相似文献
90.
Savarino P Borgarelli M Tarducci A Crosara S Bello NM Margiocco ML 《The Journal of small animal practice》2012,53(5):267-272
Objectives : To determine sensitivity and specificity of P wave duration in the identification of left atrial enlargement in dogs. Methods : Electrocardiograms from normal dogs and dogs with various cardiovascular diseases were evaluated. Inclusion criteria were the availability of an electrocardiogram showing a stable isoelectric line, easily recognizable P waves and good quality two‐dimensional echocardiographic estimate of left atrial dimensions using the left atrial to aortic root ratio. Using a metal caliper system, P wave duration was measured to the nearest 10 milliseconds for six consecutive heart beats; data were then averaged for each dog. The accuracy of P wave duration in predicting left atrial enlargement was determined using a receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results : One hundred and fifty‐six dogs were included in the study. Average P wave durations of 20, 30, 40 and 50 milliseconds yielded sensitivities of 100, 85, 68 and 40% and specificities of 0, 16, 64 and 93%, respectively, for the diagnosis of Left Atrial Enlargement by echocardiography. The estimated area under curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0·70 (95% confidence interval: 0·60 to 0·80). Clinical Significance : The diagnostic performance of P wave duration for identification of left atrial enlargement in dogs presents considerable limitations. 相似文献