丙烯酸松香的溴化及产物的阻燃性研究

以丙烯酸松香与液溴加成,合成了溴化丙烯酸松香;研究了反应温度、原料的物质的量比、反应时间等因素对反应过程及产物性能的影响.用FT-IR、1 HNMR和热重分析(TG)等对溴化丙烯酸松香进行了表征.结果表明,当反应温度为-2 ～ 4℃、反应时间5 ～ 6h、液溴与丙烯酸松香的物质的量比值约为1.2时,收率可达93%.溴化丙烯酸松香不仅具有较好的阻燃性,同时还拓宽了松香的应用范围,提高了其附加值.     

-蒎烯氧化制备诺蒎酸

利用水和叔丁醇的混合溶液作为反应的溶剂,用高锰酸钾氧化β-蒎烯制备诺蒎酸,考察了叔丁醇含量、高锰酸钾和碱用量以及温度对产物收率的影响.最佳反应条件:反应温度15～25 ℃,β-蒎烯、KMnO4、NaOH物质的量的比为1:3:1.5,用 30 % 的叔丁醇水溶液做溶剂,诺蒎酸的收率(质量分数)在 70.0 % 以上.     

用β-蒎烯为原料合成高纯度对异丙基苯酚

研究了以松节油中β-蒎烯为原料，通过氧化、酸催化开四元环和脱氢三步反应，合成了高纯度对异丙基苯酚，总产率达到31％。并对酸催化开四元环和脱氢步骤中各因素对反应的影响进行了探讨。发现诺蒎酮开四元环转化反应选择在40％的磷酸溶液催化下，80℃反应1h效果较好，产率达到67．9％。4-异丙基环己烯酮与硫脱氢生成对异丙基苯酚，反应选择密封反应2h效果较好，产率达到63％。     

Association of key foods and beverages with obesity in Australian schoolchildren

OBJECTIVE: To examine the pattern of intake of key foods and beverages of children aged 4-12 years and the association with weight status. DESIGN AND SETTING: A computer-assisted telephone interview was used to determine the intake of fruit, vegetables, packaged snacks, fast foods and sweetened drinks 'yesterday' and 'usually' as reported by parents/guardians of a representative sample of 2184 children from the Barwon South-Western region of Victoria, Australia. RESULTS: Children who consumed >2-3, >3-4 and >4 servings of fruit juice/drinks 'yesterday' were, respectively, 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-2.2), 1.7 (95% CI 1.2-2.5) and 2.1 (95% CI 1.5-2.9) times more likely to be overweight/obese compared with those who had no servings of fruit juice/drink 'yesterday', adjusted for age, gender and socio-economic status (SES). Further, children who had > or = 3 servings of soft drink 'yesterday' were 2.2 (95% CI 1.3-3.9) times more likely to be overweight/obese compared with those who had no servings of soft drink 'yesterday', adjusted for age, gender and SES. In addition, children who 'usually' drank fruit juice/drinks twice or more per day were 1.7 (95% CI 1.2-2.4) times more likely to be overweight/obese compared with those who drank these beverages once or less per week, adjusted for age, gender and SES. Although fast foods and packaged snacks were regularly eaten, there were no associations between weight status and consumption of these foods. CONCLUSIONS: Intake of sweetened beverages was associated with overweight and obesity in this population of Australian schoolchildren and should be a target for intervention programmes aimed at preventing unhealthy weight gain in children.     

IHHN virus: Infectivity and pathogenicity studies in Penaeus stylirostris and Penaeus vannamei

Infectivity studies of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) were conducted on Penaeus stylirostris and P. vannamei (representing species highly susceptible and highly refractory to the disease) via intramuscular injections of the virus. Distinctive histological lesion patterns were observed between species. Six target organ systems were compared interspecifically. The gills and nerve cord/ganglia were shown to undergo significantly higher degrees of tissue damage in infected P. stylirostris compared with infected P. vannamei. Pathogenetic differences correlated well with observed differences in epizootiology between the two species.The infectivity study confirmed that IHHN disease is virus-caused. Cell-free extracts from IHHNV-infected shrimp, when injected into healthy, susceptible shrimp, produced mortalities and Cowdry type A intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies presently considered pathognomonic for the disease.