马尾松种子园油松球果小卷蛾生物学特性研究

油松球果小卷蛾是近年来危害黄平县马尾松种子园的主要害虫之一,造成了难以估量的经济损失。通过对该虫生物学特性的研究表明,该虫在贵州省黄平县1年发生一代,以蛹在杂草及松土层内越冬,成虫期4月中旬至6月中旬,卵期5月上旬至6月下旬,幼虫期5月中旬至7月中旬,蛹期7月中旬至次年5月中旬。提出了初步的防治建议和措施。     

加减三黄汤对耐药大肠杆菌acrA mRNA表达水平的影响

为了解加减三黄汤对大肠杆菌耐药性的影响,采用实时荧光定量方法检测了外输泵acrA mRNA表达水平的变化。将100只昆明系小鼠分为阳性组(感染耐药性大肠杆菌2 751株和2 952株),阴性组,攻毒治疗组(2 751株+加减三黄汤,2 952株+加减三黄汤),8d后将鼠随机剖杀,取肝组织抹片培养大肠杆菌,做药敏试验,同时提取质粒,检测大肠杆菌外输泵基因acrA的mRNA表达量。结果显示,经加减三黄汤在体治疗后的大肠杆菌耐药性下降了,每μL中mRNA拷贝数为2 751株最高达1016,2 952株1015;用药后各菌株均有下降;相差极显著(P≤0.01),耐药性越大的拷贝数越多。表明加减三黄汤对耐药大肠杆菌外输泵基因acrA的mRNA表达水平影响与耐药性有一定的相关性。     

延安林业专业人才培养模式的现状研究及分析

林业承担着构建完善的生态体系、发达的林业体系和繁荣的生态文化体系的三重使命。培养和提供林业职业技术高技能型人才,正是高等职业教育的林业专业的责任和义务,建立具有鲜明高职特色的人才培养模式是当务之急。本文阐明了构建延安高职教育林业专业人才培养模式的必要性,在对现阶段延安林业专业技术人员现状和专业技术人才需求进行认真分析的基础上,提出如何构建延安高职教育林业技术专业人才培养模式。     

抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征高免血清的研制

为研制用于治疗和预防猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的高免血清,选取健康育肥猪作为免疫接种对象,用猪繁殖与呼吸综合征灭活苗和弱毒苗作基础免疫和强化免疫,通过优化免疫程序,制备出抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征高免血清,并进行了临床治疗试验,结果总有效率为86.67%。表明采用这种方法制备猪繁殖与呼吸综合征高免血清是安全有效、切实可行的。     

猪肺炎支原体显色原位杂交研究方法的建立

为建立猪肺炎支原体(Mhp)显色原位杂交(CISH)定位检测方法,本研究利用地高辛标记的Mhp P36核酸探针和DAB/H2O2显色系统,对人工Mhp感染组、自然感染组和健康对照组的实验猪肺组织样品和临床样品进行显色原位杂交检测.结果显示,设计的地高辛标记探针针对Mhp具有特异性,而与其他的猪病原菌无交叉反应;检测结果可以通过显微镜观测到Mhp定位在支气管/细支气管黏膜表面.人工感染组、自然感染组和健康对照组的CISH结果与PCR检测结果一致,临床样品的CISH检测结果低于PCR检测结果.本研究建立的Mhp显色原位杂交法是一种集直观和敏感为一体的检测方法,可以用于Mhp的定位检测和致病机理研究.     

猪萎缩性鼻炎巴氏杆菌灭活混合苗免疫程序的优化

为探索最佳的猪萎缩性鼻炎免疫防控程序,本实验采用鼻甲骨形态学(鼻甲骨周长比:TPR)测定的方法对猪AR巴氏杆菌灭活混合苗(猪克鼻)免疫效果进行评价,试验应用猪克鼻对试验组采用不同的免疫程序,A组:母猪于产前6周及2周各接种一个剂量的猪克鼻;B组:母猪产前6周及2周、所产仔猪3周龄各接种一个剂量的猪克鼻;同时设对照组(不接种疫苗)。在自然感染条件下,各组所产仔猪试验结果表明:A组有36.36%的仔猪鼻甲骨正常,63.64%轻度萎缩;B组有9.10%的仔猪鼻甲骨正常,90.90%比较正常;对照组有9.10%的仔猪轻度萎缩,72.70%为中度萎缩,18.20%中重度萎缩。对两种免疫程序的效果进行分析,结果表明,B组免疫的效果最佳,保护率高,猪的平均日增重最高,料重肉比下降,生产性能显著提高,值得在生产实践中推广应用。     

Antimicrobial activity of a bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP‐28) against methicillin‐susceptible and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus

A bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP‐28) is a member of the cathelicidin family which is included in the innate immune system of mammals. Recently, there have been many studies about antimicrobial peptides. This study aims to clarify whether BMAP‐28 has bactericidal activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and compares its activity against methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. We found that the peptide was effective in killing MRSA (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range; 5–20 µg/mL). It was also revealed that MSSA (MIC range; 1.25–20 µg/mL) had two levels of susceptibility to BMAP‐28. We also examined the effect of BMAP‐28 on bacterial shape to visually show its activity. After exposure to the peptide, both MSSA and MRSA cells showed the morphological changes on their surfaces. Our results indicate that BMAP‐28 is a promising candidate for medicine against drug‐resistant bacteria.     

Association of toll‐like receptor 2 polymorphisms with somatic cell score in Xinjiang Brown cattle

This study aims to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the TLR2 gene, and analyze the association of SNPs or haplotypes and somatic cell scores in 151 Xinjiang Brown cattle and 138 Holsteins to evaluate the role of TLR2 during intramammary infections. TLR2 coding region was amplified by PCR and screened for SNP sequencing. Genotypes and frequencies of SNPs were identified. Finally, the associations of genotypes or haplotypes and somatic cell scores (SCS) were analyzed. The results showed that: (i) 15 SNPs (E+653, E+945, E+978, E+1010, E+1250, E+1688, E+1707, E+1779, E+1782, E+1891, E+1995, E+2025, E+2055, E+2214 and E+2295) were observed and detected from 289 cows; (ii) distribution of the 14 SNPs were significantly different from Xinjiang Brown cattle and Holstein (P < 0.001) except for the E+945 (P > 0.05); (iii) in 11 SNPs (E+945, E+978, E+1010, E+1688, E+1707, E+1779, E+1782, E+1995, E+2025, E+2055 and E+2214), the SCS of AB genotype was lower than AA (P < 0.05) in Xinjiang Brown cattle; and (iv) haplotypes composed of the above‐mentioned 11 SNPs were constructed. The SCS of cattle with Hap5 was lower than that of Hap3 (P < 0.05). This suggests that Hap5 might play an important role in sub‐mastitis resistance in Xinjiang Brown cattle.     

吉林省蜂业可持续发展的探讨

分析了吉林省蜜蜂饲养存在的主要问题,针对蜂种、蜂产品生产、蜜蜂疾病等实际情况,对吉林省蜂业可持续发展的道路进行了探讨,提出建立蜜蜂病敌害防治体系,加大政策扶持力度,大力推广良种良法饲养,宣传规模化、集约化、标准化养蜂,加强蜂业与农业、林业及生态旅游业等方面的合作,为生态省建设服务。     

荒漠草原区“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜丰产试验

试验对“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜进行不同的水肥耦合处理,并在不同生物期对其进行了生物量观测.试验结果表明,410 g丰产素与水以1∶1 000体积比混合喷洒200 L、浇水8000L的条件下,“科尔沁型”华北驼绒藜的产量可以大幅度提高,播种后第3年其干草产量可由天然条件下的2 460 kg/hm2提高到5 430 kg/hm2.