Effects of dietary starch and energy levels on maximum feed intake, growth and metabolism of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

The aim of this study was to gain insight into how Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) regulate feed and energy intake in response to diets low and high in starch and cellulose. It was hypothesized that high-starch diets would reduce feed intake due to the effect of high blood glucose level, and that stomach volume may limit feed intake of fish fed diets low in energy. Four experimental diets, low starch–no cellulose inclusion, high starch–no cellulose inclusion, low starch–with cellulose inclusion, and high starch–with cellulose inclusion, were formulated. The high-starch diets and diets with cellulose inclusion were 17.5% more energy-diluted than the low-starch diets and diets without cellulose inclusion, respectively. Male tilapia were fed to apparent satiation for six weeks. Feed and digestible energy intake of fish fed diets with cellulose inclusion increased and decreased by 8.3% and 5.5%, respectively, compared to fish fed diets without cellulose inclusion. This suggests the role of stomach volume in restricting feed consumption. Fish fed high-starch diets achieved only 0.5% more feed intake and 13.9% less digestible energy intake than fish fed low-starch diets. The lower increase in feed intake and higher decrease in digestible energy intake of fish fed high-starch diets than of fish fed diets with cellulose inclusion suggests that high blood glucose suppresses feed intake in Nile tilapia. An alternative explanation for the differences in feed and digestible energy intake of fish fed different diets was based on the fact that heat production was not influenced by starch nor cellulose-inclusion levels. Thus, under satiation feeding, oxygen uptake capacity may determine feed and digestible energy intake in fish rather than blood glucose or stomach volume.     

Comparative stomach contents and growth of the juvenile black rockfish Sebastes inermis reared in illuminated and unilluminated cages

ABSTRACT:   The principal objective of the present study was to determine the positive effects of artificial illumination on the juvenile black rockfish Sebastes inermis by comparing stomach contents and growth between juveniles exposed to light and those maintained in the absence of light. The major prey items of juvenile black rockfish in illuminated cages were: copepods (% IRI  = 62.6); amphipods (% IRI  = 36.7); and polychaetes (% IRI  = 0.3), whereas those in unilluminated cages were: copepods (% IRI  = 93.3); amphipods (% IRI  = 6.1); and polychaetes (% IRI  = 0.4). The specific growth rates of the juveniles reared in illuminated cages (0.67%) were significantly higher than those juveniles maintained in the unilluminated cages (0.27%).     

Population genetic structure of sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus in Korea using microsatellite markers

Sea cucumber ( Stichopus japonicus ) is a commercially valuable species in Korea. We examined the genetic characteristics of sea cucumber populations in Korea using microsatellite markers. A total of 144 sea cucumbers from five populations were typed for nine polymorphic microsatellite loci. A total of 139 different alleles were found over all loci and many alleles were unique. The average number of allele per locus ranged from 6 to 18.4. The average observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.532 to 0.626 and from 0.719 to 0.789 respectively. All populations showed significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium at almost all loci except one (Psj2409). This deviation was in the direction of heterozygote deficit. A phylogenetic tree revealed two distinct clusters. One cluster was formed by the eastern sea population. A second cluster consisted of the subpopulations of the western and southern sea populations. The eastern sea population showed genetic differences such as a larger number of alleles per locus, a larger number of unique alleles and a smaller number of the most common alleles, suggesting a higher genetic diversity in this population. These results provide basic information on natural population genetic structure of S. japonicus in Korea.     

基于空间啮合理论的摆线钢球行星传动根切研究

介绍了摆线钢球行星传动的结构组成和传动原理,提出了利用锥形铣刀包络内、外摆线封闭槽的数学模型,建立了摆线槽齿面的包络面方程。根据空间啮合理论推导出摆线槽齿面的根切界限函数,分析了根切界限函数随基本设计参数的变化规律。结果表明,随着基本设计参数的变化,内、外摆线封闭槽齿面会按一定的先后顺序发生根切,并且总是内摆线槽内侧齿面最先根切,从而得到了不发生根切必须满足的不等式方程,并通过具体实例及计算机图形仿真进行验证。本研究为摆线钢球行星传动的设计制造提供了理论依据。     

基于改进Harris角点提取的摄像机神经网络标定技术

以前馈型BP神经网络进行双日立体视觉系统的摄像机标定研究,基于Harris角点提取,提出了增加约束的改进方法,从而提高网络训练样本集的数据精度;探讨了神经网络的欠泛化、过泛化问题,综合运用归一化、提前终止等多种策略,进一步提高网络泛化能力,并与经典标定方法进行对比.试验结果表明,该方法能够获得较高的摄像机标定精度.     

小麦品种三个生育阶段抗旱性与产量性状关系的研究I用聚类分析法对小麦品种抗旱性综合评价

本文用聚类分析法将２１个生理生化指标对北京地区６个冬小麦品种在水分胁迫条件下的抗旱性进行了分析。结果表明，与品种抗旱性呈极显著相关性关系的生理生化指标为饱和水分亏、保水力、丙二醛、可溶性糖和超氧化物歧化酶。在小麦不同生育期，各成分主次有别，依此对所选品种的抗旱性进行了排序。     

白杨新杂种毛新×银灰硬枝扦插繁殖技术的研究

连续３年对毛新×银灰双交杂种硬枝扦插繁殖技术的研究表明：采用温室硬枝扦插和大田硬枝扦插均可获得较理想的效果，但必须注意以下技术措施：①只要是根萌枝条，粗度在５ｍｍ以上均可以用于硬枝扦插，或采用先一年根萌硬枝扦插苗的苗干作硬枝插穗也是可行的；②插穗必须浸水和两端部削光滑；③采用的激素和浓度为生根粉（ＡＢＴ）１号５００ｐｐｍ或吲哚丁酸（ＩＢＡ）５００ｐｐｍ＋萘乙酸（ＮＡＡ）５００ｐｐｍ速蘸处理，可以获得８０％以上的满意效果；④温室扦插时，必须进行炼苗环节．此外，建立采穗圃或根繁圃，并加强其管理，是提高其快速扩繁的首要工作     

修河流域洪水变化特征及其对气候变化的响应

利用修河流域主要控制站万家埠、晋坪和虬津水文站实测最大洪峰流量序列,采用Mann-Kendall检验法和小波分析等方法,对修河洪水极值流量的趋势性、突变性及周期性进行了分析,并探讨了洪水极值流量变化与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）、北大西洋涛动（NAO）、太平洋-北美型（PNA）、东亚夏季季风指数（EASMI）、南中国海夏季季风指数（SCSMI）、太阳黑子（SS）、西太平洋型（WP）等15个气候指标之间的相互关系。结果表明:万家埠站年最大流量表现为不显著减少趋势,晋坪和虬津2站年最大流量表现为不显著增加趋势。万家埠站年最大洪峰流量突变点为1972年,在1972年后最大洪峰流量发生由减少到增加的突变;晋坪站年最大洪峰流量突变点为1977年,在1977年后最大洪峰流量发生由增加到减少的突变;虬津站年最大洪峰流量突变点为1990年,在1990年后最大洪峰流量发生由减少到增加的突变。修河流域万家埠、晋坪和虬津站年最大洪峰流量系列在时频域中都存在着不同尺度的周期,既有2~8年的短振荡周期,也有超过20年的长振荡周期。除万家埠站最大洪峰流量存在22年显著周期,其余周期均不显著。修河流域年最大洪峰流量与ENSO,EASMI,PNA和WP均呈显著相关（p<0.05）。研究结果可为修河中长期洪水预报提供参考。     

异种动物细胞核移植研究现状及相关问题的探讨

随着体细胞核移植相继在多种动物中取得成功 ,异种细胞核移植技术在拯救濒危野生动物、人类干细胞克隆和细胞核质互作研究等方面具有特殊意义 ,受到广泛重视并取得了很大进展。文章对异种细胞核移植技术研究现状进行了综述 ,并对其应用前景和存在的问题进行了探讨。     

追氮时期对不同小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响

为了给小麦的优质高产栽培提供依据,以强筋小麦烟农19、中筋小麦皖麦52和弱筋小麦安农0305为材料,研究了追氮时期对小麦产量及光合特性的影响。结果表明,追氮时期对叶面积、叶绿素含量和光合速率影响显著,不同处理间均差异显著。另外,追氮时期对于小麦产量的影响显著,表现为拔节、孕穗期追氮比返青、起身期追氮更能提高小麦产量,其中拔节期追氮对小麦产量的提高尤为明显。