地源热泵技术在中国温室设施中的应用探讨

当前在中国温室设施中应用和推广地源热泵技术尚存在诸多不利因素,大大限制了该项技术在设施农业领域中的发展。为探寻合理的解决途径,对地源热泵空调系统的关键技术和其在中国的发展概况进行了相关的阐述和分析,并以中国农业大学上庄实验站已经建成使用的地下水式温室地源热泵空调系统为实例,介绍该系统的组成、工作流程、性能参数和使用情况,探讨温室地源热泵空调系统在推广和使用中可能出现的投资较高,长时间运行性能不稳定等问题,分析其原因并提出相应的对策建议。     

农产品加工中的营养学思考与营养食品生产

中国农产品生产及其加工曾经经历过注重产品数量扩增、技术设备改进和卫生安全的发展阶段,目前正处在挑战和发展机遇并存的转折时期.中国农产品生产及其加工业应把握时机,应用营养科学为指导,科学地制定"十一五"期间的发展战略,丰富和发展营养食品产业,促进农产品生产和加工全面满足人民营养健康需要和市场需求,这将是开拓发展领域,实现产品升级换代,提升竞争能力和增值潜力,主动迎接国际挑战的战略举措,也是实践"以人为本"的科学发展观的具体体现.     

Resource allocation tradeoffs in Manila’s peri-urban vegetable production systems: An application of multiple objective programming

This paper designed and developed a multi-objective programming (MOP) model to illustrate the dynamic relationship among technologies, productive activities, constraints and farmers’ objectives in the peri-urban vegetable production system and use the model as an economic tool in analysing probable consequences of a given action or innovation on the farm. The best compromise solution was generated using four analytical steps, as follows: single-objective optimization (to determine the ideal and anti-ideal values of the objective functions); constrained optimization (to generate the set of Pareto non-dominated solutions); cluster analysis (to trim down efficient set into smaller homogeneous groups); and compromise programming (to determine where the best compromise solution lies).     

用Delphi实现温度传感器的数据采集和误差分析

利用Delphi嵌入式汇编的扩展功能实现基于I／O的热敏电阻温度传感器数据采集，并用二次样条插值法研究电压和温度特性非线性化的S曲线，减少非线性误差。     

液力偶合器三维涡识别方法及流场时空演化

精细刻画液力偶合器内部非定常多尺度三维涡结构对于揭示液力偶合器流场时空演化规律与能量损耗机理具有重要意义。该研究基于计算流体动力学理论,采用应力混合涡湍流模型多尺度解析模拟制动工况下液力偶合器三维旋涡流场。通过3种不同的涡识别方法提取涡轮内部多尺度涡系结构,从空间重构效果、阈值选择范围及敏感性角度分析不同涡识别方法的适用性。依托粒子图像测速(Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV)流场试验验证数值模拟及涡结构辨识结果的准确性与可靠性。围绕三维涡结构特征解析结果和二维流场图谱信息,分析并揭示流道内部湍流的时空演化规律及能量损耗机理。结果表明：Q准则方法的阈值选择盲目性大,难以同时识别强涡与弱涡结构,丢失很多涡结构细节特征,无法准确预测三维涡空间连续性运动趋势;?方法能够在阈值范围为0.51～0.59内辨识弱涡结构,但涡系空间重构后涡的运动趋势感不强;?_L方法对阈值不敏感,在阈值范围为0.51～0.67内该方法空间涡系重构效果最好,强涡、弱涡结构特征识别度高。制动工况下涡轮内部整体流动为逆时针大尺度环流,并伴有小尺度涡流等局部流动现象,与主流涡运...     

Aurasperone A Inhibits SARS CoV-2 In Vitro: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Study

Several natural products recovered from a marine-derived Aspergillus niger were tested for their inhibitory activity against SARS CoV-2 in vitro. Aurasperone A (3) was found to inhibit SARS CoV-2 efficiently (IC₅₀ = 12.25 µM) with comparable activity with the positive control remdesivir (IC₅₀ = 10.11 µM). Aurasperone A exerted minimal cytotoxicity on Vero E6 cells (CC₅₀ = 32.36 mM, SI = 2641.5) and it was found to be much safer than remdesivir (CC₅₀ = 415.22 µM, SI = 41.07). To putatively highlight its molecular target, aurasperone A was subjected to molecular docking against several key-viral protein targets followed by a series of molecular dynamics-based in silico experiments that suggested M^pro to be its primary viral protein target. More potent anti-SARS CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors can be developed according to our findings presented in the present investigation.     

基于无人机影像的冠层光谱和结构特征监测甜菜长势

甜菜是中国北方地区重要的经济作物。快速、准确、高通量的获取甜菜的地上部和块根鲜质量、块根含糖率、叶绿素含量对甜菜生产具有重要意义。该研究采用无人机搭载数码和多光谱相机,获取甜菜叶丛快速生长期、块根及糖分增长期和糖分积累期的数码影像和多光谱影像,提取了冠层的结构特征和光谱特征。选择随机森林回归（Random Forest Regression,RFR）和偏最小二乘回归（Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR）2种建模方法基于获取的冠层特征,构建甜菜全生育期的地上部和块根鲜质量、块根含糖率和SPAD（Soil and Plant Analyzer Development）值估算模型。研究结果表明,随机森林回归模型和偏最小二乘回归模型对地上部和块根鲜质量、含糖率都做出较好的预测,R2范围分别为0.9～0.94、0.88～0.9,rRMSE范围分别为7.6%～17%、8.8%～20%。对SPAD值的预测均较弱,R2分别为0.66和0.67。为了减小输入变量集的大小以及去掉对预测不敏感的变量,该研究采用置换重要性（Permutation Importance,PIMP）来筛选冠层光谱特征和结构特征中对预测有重要影响的变量。结果表明基于筛选出的重要性特征构建的随机森林回归模型和偏最小二乘回归模型对地上部和块根鲜质量、含糖率都做出较好的预测,R2范围分别为0.89～0.94、0.74～0.91,rRMSE范围分别为7.3%～19%、7.6%～19%。对SPAD值的预测均较弱,R2分别为0.65和0.68。进一步表明随机森林回归模型在精度上略好于偏最小二乘回归模型。同时基于PIMP筛选变量的方法在保持原有精度的同时能实现降低数据收集复杂性的目的。研究结果为基于无人机遥感技术快速、准确监测甜菜长势和估测块根类作物的根部活性物质提供了参考。     

Simulating the Production of Rice Genotypes by Flood Management and End-Season Water Stress Conditions Using AquaCrop Model

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to assess the ability of AquaCrop model in predicting of grain and biological yield of rice genotypes in water management. A two-year field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Iranian Rice Research Institute in Rasht, Iran from 2016 to 2017. The experiment was established in a split-plot design with two irrigation management (continuous submergence and end season water stress) as the main plot, fourth rice genotypes as the sub-plot and three replications. The goodness-of-fit between observed and simulated grain yield and final biomass was assessed by means of the coefficient of determination (R ²), the absolute and normalized root mean square errors (RMSE). The RMSE_n of predicting grain yield at calibration and evaluation stages was in the range of 6–12% and 6–8% for biological yield. The results indicated that AquaCrop model is suitable to predict grain yield and biological yield of rice genotypes in northern Iran. AquaCrop model can be used to determine optimization strategies to improve the water consumption of rice genotypes.     

塔里木盆地多种沙源类型沙通量异变特征研究

以塔里木盆地周边地区多种沙尘源地为研究区,通过塔中、肖塘、若羌、策勒四个风沙观测场获取的沙尘暴过程中贴地层风向、风速数据以及风蚀传感器实测的撞击颗粒数等数据计算出各地起沙临界摩擦速度,利用Gillette经典的垂直沙尘通量及Lettau水平沙尘通量公式对若羌、策勒、塔中、肖塘沙尘通量进行了估算,并通过各层实测的梯度风速作为背景值界定出塔里木盆地多种沙源类型沙通量变化比对特征,结果表明:垂直沙尘通量F量级为10-8kg/(m2.s),水平沙尘通量Q量级为10-4 kg/(m.s);风速相同情况下,F若羌最大,策勒次之,塔中、肖塘较小;Q若羌值最大,策勒次之,塔中第三,肖塘最小。垂直沙通量F与风速都表现出较好的线性相关,风速递增,垂直沙通量递增;风速递减,垂直沙通量递减。在风速递增幅度相同条件下,若羌Q值递增幅度最大,策勒次之,塔中、肖塘基本相同。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and phosphorus uptake of mung bean plants fertilized with composted rock phosphate fed dung in alkaline soil environment

Abstract

Inoculation effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on phosphorus (P) transfer from composted dung of cattle with a diet supplemented with powdered rock phosphate (RP) and their successive uptake by mung bean plants was assessed in alkaline soil. The efficacy of composted RP fed dung alone or/and in combination with AMF inoculums containing six different species were compared with SSP in six replicates per treatment in pots. The results showed that the association of AMF with composted RP fed dung had a positive effect on mung bean shoot (3.04?g) and root (2.62?g) biomass, chlorophyll (a, b), carotenoid contents and N (58.38?mg plant^?1) and P (4.61?mg plant^?1) uptake. Similarly, the percent roots colonization (56%) and nodulation of mung bean plant roots and their post-harvest soil properties were also improved by the inoculation of AMF together with composted RP fed dung. It is concluded that the combined application of AMF with composted RP fed dung has almost the same effect as SSP for improving mung bean plants growth and their nutrients uptake. Moreover, AMF inoculants can be used as a suitable biofertilizer in combination with locally available organic sources of fertilizers for improving P status and growth of plants in alkaline soils.