RGB-D SLAM增强现实原木检尺系统构建与测试

将内嵌有ToF相机、面阵相机及IMU的智能手机作为硬件系统,RGB-D SLAM技术实时获取的深度图、位姿等为数据源,构建了RGB-D SLAM增强现实楞堆原木检尺系统。首先设计了基于ToF影像实时估计RGB影像像素深度的方法,实现对待测原木端面几何坐标的初步估计;其次,设计了散形分区去噪算法实现原木端面点云的精确过滤,设计了原木端面曲率估计算法实现对过滤点云可靠性判别;然后,基于PCA等算法实现原木长、短直径方向向量估计,并基于该向量对原木长、短直径进行了估计;最后,以所构建算法为基础在智能手机平台上搭建了增强现实楞堆检尺系统,实现智能手机对原木进行实时检尺、增强现实场景对测量结果实时监督。新型检尺系统通过对6个楞堆334根原木进行了检尺实验,以评估该设备的测量精度。结果显示：原木平均直径估计值的偏差及均方根误差分别为-0.13 cm(-0.35%)及1.05 cm(3.34%);原木径阶化直径估计值的偏差及均方根误差分别为-0.10 cm(-0.22%)及1.33 cm(4.43%);原木材积估计值的偏差及均方根误差分别为-0.007 m³(-0.27%)及0...     

基于DGT技术的土壤铅生物有效性评价研究

采集我国15个省份的耕作土壤进行盆栽试验,通过外源添加不同浓度梯度的Pb并种植小白菜,比较梯度薄膜扩散技术(Diffusive gradients in thin-films,DGT)与传统化学方法(土壤溶液法、EDTA法、HAc法、CaCl_2法和全量法)评价土壤中Pb生物有效性。简单回归分析表明,各评价方法测定的土壤Pb含量与小白菜Pb含量都呈显著相关关系,但DGT技术相关性(R~2=0.97)最高。通过逐步多元线性回归分析,融合土壤pH值、有机碳(OC)含量、阳离子交换量(CEC)、粘粒含量等土壤基本理化性质,建立多元回归模型,结果表明:各传统评价方法融合了pH值、OC含量等土壤性质,R~2较对应的简单回归分析有所提高,都能用于评价土壤Pb的生物有效性,但通过DGT技术所构建的模型方程(R~2=0.97,p0.01)几乎不受土壤性质的影响,且较传统化学方法相关性更高,因此,DGT技术是一种可以用于评价土壤中Pb生物性的较优方法。     

Theoretical Analysis and Testing of Ground Treatment Using an Expansive Method in Very Thick Collapsible Loess

Through technological research of foundation treatments in the collapsible loess areas, we recommend a method of treating foundations in collapsible loess with quicklime piles. We set forth the basic principle of this expansive method. When a very thick foundation in collapsible loess is treated, the computational formula for the volume of expanding material in a quicklime pile is deduced based on cavity expansion theory. This theory is applied to engineering practice. Physical and mechanical properties of the compacted soil are tested. The result shows that the collapsibility of a foundation in loess has been eliminated, its physico mechanical indexes have been improved, and the soil compressibility and the modulus of compressibility also increase remarkably, demonstrating the correctness of the computation theory. The feasibility of the expansive method for very thick collapsible loess areas is further established.     

Damage Evolution and Acoustic Emission Character of Coalrock under Unloading Condition

The damage failure mechanisms of coalrock under unloading condition during deep mining is different from those under traditional loading condition, starting from the unloading condition position to study the dynamic disaster of coalrock has become a new direction in the disaster study. The rock mechanics electrohydraulic servo test system (MTS815) and acoustic emission system (8CHS PCI 2) are used to study the coalrock deformation damage and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics. The results show that the failure of coalrock under unloading condition exhibits strong brittleness and happens in sudden and is mostly of tensile shear failure type. The evolution curve of cumulative ring down count of acoustic emission can better reflect the coalrock unloading damage evolution process, and the whole unloading failure process can be divided into three stages: the stage of damage weakening, damage stably development stage and the stage of accelerated damage development. During the mining process the confining pressure of the coalrock is unloaded, the coalrock rapidly arrives at the third stage of the whole unloading failure process, and the damage is accumulated rapidly and the fracture failure of coalrok occurred suddenly, then follows the coalrock dynamic disaster.     

Improved AHP Assessment Model and Its Practice in Geological Hazard Susceptibility Zoning

Based on the problem during the practice in geological hazard susceptibility zoning, by constructing the three mark (-1,0,1) matrix and introducing optimum transfer matrix, the faintness about weight choice and the consistency check method of judgment matrix for traditional AHP were improved,and the difficult weight quantization problem for each appraise factor of the hiberarchy model had been solved; accordingly, the Improved AHP model had been built. At the last, this method was applied to a concrete zoning practice about geological hazard susceptibility.The application result shows that the zoning practice in Yongchuan region about geological hazard susceptibility is practical and effective.     

Effect of Microorganisms on Some Engineering Properties of Silt

The microbiology was introduced in foundation treatment. Several Carbonate mineralization microorganisms and polysaccharides viscose microorganisms were screened and the microorganisms No.ATCC 6453,3,polysaccharides viscose microorganisms 5 and 6 were used in silt modification. The engineering properties of silt before and after modification were compared by unconfined compressive strength test and indoor seepage test. The microstructures of silt incorporating different microorganisms were analysed by mean of scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X ray (EDX) analysis. And the modification mechanism of silt has been revealed. These studies indicate that certain engineering properties of silt can be improved by incorporating microorganisms.     

Discussion on Calculation Pattern of Concrete Filled Steel Tube with Dumbbell shaped Section

Based on the structural feature of dumbbell shaped section of concrete filled steel tube (CFST), a combined spatial beam element is presented. In this structure, two steel tubes, two core concretes, one web and the concrete in web cavity are firstly considered as general spatial beam elements, then they are assembled into a spatial combined beam element according to the plane hypothesis and transformation matrix formed from master and slave nodes. A FORTRAN program for CFST arch with dumbbell shaped section has been developed, and the numerical example shows that the steel tubes and core concretes bear mainly the axial forces with small moments, thus, a modified formula for lattice column method to calculate axial forces of the upper and lower limbs of CFST with dumbbell shaped section is deduced. Comparison of the results from the modified formula with those from an example indicates that the modified formula gives relatively accurate results.      

A Land Use Model for Urban Rail Station Area Planning Based on TOD Strategy

Transit oriented development (TOD) presents a sustainable urban development strategy by creating an efficient integration of land use and public transit. A TOD planning model for the land use of urban rail station area was explored by means of a multiple objective mathematical programming model. Three objectives were considered: encouraging transit system volume, promoting livable communities, and balancing land use. The model can easily be solved by transforming it into a linear multi programming problem. The Xujiahui rail rapid transit station area in Shanghai is chosen as case study to illustrate the model application and planning results. The result indicates that the model would be efficient in practice.     

Torsion behavior of Steel encased Concrete Composite Beams

In order to study torsion behavior of steel encased concrete composite beams, experiments were carried out with eight specimens. The destruction shape, working mechanism and the crack development and distribution were analyzed under pure torsion and combine torsion conditions. And also the relationships were investigated between torque and torsion ratio, load and strain, bending moment and deflection and load crack. On the basis of elasticity plastic theory, the formulas of cracking torsion were presented for pure torsion and combined torsion of combined beam. And with spatial truss model of variable angle, formulas for ultimate torsion strength of pure torsion and combined torsion were put forward. The predicted results were in good agreement with measured ones. The proposed formulas provided basis for evaluating safety and stability of the structural.     

Ultimate Bearing Capacity Analysis of High Strength Single Angle Compression Member Eccentrically at One End

To analyze mechanical behavior of Q460 high strength single angle steel struts with an eccentric load at one end in transmission towers, experimental analysis and theoretical calculation were carried out to study the overall stability and local buckling of members. Spherical hinge bearing and double knife edge bearing were applied at axial end of specimens. Influence of some factors on bearing capacity of compression members with eccentricities at both ends was analyzed, such as the end supporting conditions and residual stresses. It was shown that whether spherical hinge bearing or double knife edge bearing was used at axial end, the mechanical behavior can be accurately presented and the residual stresses affected the ultimate load carrying capacity by about 5％ or less. Compared with different methods, such as experiment method、finite element method, method in the Guide for American Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structure（ASCE101997）and method in Chinese Technical Regulation of Design for Tower and Pole Structure of Overhead Transmission Line (DL/T51542002), it was found that the calculated strength of high strength steel member by standard calculation method in DL/T51542000 was over conservative. According to the research results, the revised formulas of ASCE were proposed with dividing actual material strength by the resistance coefficient of rR=1.111. Therefore, the experimental results can provide reference for designing high strength Q460 single angle steel members compressed eccentrically at one end.