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苹果农药残留风险评估 总被引:41,自引:0,他引:41
【目的】开展苹果农药残留风险评估研究,为苹果消费、农药残留监管和农药最大残留限量(MRLs)制修订提供科学依据。【方法】对采自主产区的200个苹果样品进行农药残留检测,分别用%ADI和%ARfD进行农药残留慢性膳食摄入风险评估和急性膳食摄入风险评估,用ADI值、大份餐和体重计算最大残留限量估计值(eMRL),借鉴英国兽药残留委员会兽药残留风险排序矩阵进行农药和样品风险排序。【结果】⑴ 检测的102种农药中26种农药检出残留,检测的200个样品中189个样品检出农药残留,仅有1个样品农药残留超标(超标农药为氧乐果);⑵ 检出残留的26种农药,其慢性膳食摄入风险(用%ADI表示)在0.00%-1.07%,平均值为0.13%;其急性膳食摄入风险(用%ARfD表示)在0.18%-22.41%,平均值为4.12%;⑶ 根据残留风险得分,检出残留的26种农药可划分为3类,即高风险农药(8种)、中风险农药(10种)、低风险农药(8种);⑷ 以风险指数排序,风险高的样品仅占1.5%,风险中、低和极低的样品占98.5%;⑸ 在检出残留的26种农药中,灭幼脲可不制定MRL,氟硅唑等6种农药的MRLs过严,乐果等5种农药的MRLs过松,建议矮壮素、苯醚甲环唑、虫酰肼、二嗪磷、氟硅唑、甲基硫菌灵、乐果、联苯菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、炔螨特、噻嗪酮、三氯杀螨醇、杀扑磷、戊唑醇、烯唑醇、亚胺硫磷和抑霉唑的MRLs分别设定为4、1、2、0.5、0.6、7、0.2、1、2、2、1、0.8、0.2、0.1、3、0.5、1和3 mg·kg-1。【结论】苹果农药残留检出率相对较高,但99.5%的苹果样品其农药残留量均低于MRLs。苹果农药残留慢性膳食摄入风险和急性膳食摄入风险均很低。苹果应重点关注氧乐果、磷胺、杀扑磷、毒死蜱、二嗪磷、联苯菊酯、亚胺硫磷和乐果残留。建议修订或制定苹果中矮壮素等18种农药的MRLs。 相似文献
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苹果鲜榨汁品质评价体系构建 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:7
【Objective】 The aim of this study was to establish an scientific evaluation system for fresh apple juice quality. 【Method】 Sixteen indices of fresh apple juice quality were determined. Evaluation indices of fresh apple juice quality were screened by factor analysis and graded by probability distribution, and their weight was decided by analytic hierarchy process. Discrimination functions were established for fresh apple juice quality by K-means cluster and discriminant analysis. 【Result】 Indices of fresh apple juice quality (flavor not included) dispersed with coefficient of variation from 2.0% to 112.2%. From 16 indices, 7 indices were chosen as evaluation indices for fresh apple juice quality, including flavor, a value, b value, transmittance at 625 nm, turbidity, total soluble solid, and total soluble solid/titratable acidity. Both the grading standard and the scoring standard of above 7 indices were established. Five discrimination functions were established for fresh apple juice quality, which had satisfactory recognition accuracy up to 98.89% (modeling samples) and 100% (test samples). 【Conclusion】 Fresh apple juice quality can be evaluated by 7 indices, including flavor, a value, b value, transmittance at 625 nm, turbidity, total soluble solid, and total soluble solid/titratable acidity. The grading standard and the scoring standard of these 7 indices set up a scientific foundation for evaluation of fresh apple juice quality. The established discrimination functions are very effective in discriminating fresh apple juice quality. 相似文献
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测定和分析了我国9个省共31个梨主产县(区、市)409份梨果实样品可溶性固形物含量和果实硬度。结果表明,河北、山东、辽宁、甘肃省样品梨果可溶性固形物含量低于10.00%的样品占23.1%;河南、安徽、陕西、江苏、四川省样品梨果可溶性固形物含量低于10.00%的样品占51.0%;秋白、丰水、黄金、砀山酥、新高5个品种样品果可溶性固形物含量低于国家标准《鲜梨》主要品种理化指标参考值;陕西砀山酥梨样品果可溶性固形物含量显著高于甘肃、安徽、江苏、河南产区样品。河北、江苏省黄冠梨样品果可溶性固形物含量偏低的样品分别占35.9%和31.8%。 相似文献
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辽西主产区葡萄的根区土壤养分研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
为了摸清辽西葡萄园根区土壤养分状况,2009年4月~5月,在辽西葡萄主产区选择34个代表性的葡萄园分3层采集0~60 cm根区土壤,测定了其养分含量。结果表明:辽西葡萄根区0~20 cm层土壤有机质、全氮、有效氮、速效磷和速效钾平均含量分别为:20.37 g kg-1、2.0 kg-1、162.7 mg kg-1、164.0 mg kg-1和393.6 mg kg-1;20~40 cm层分别为:14.75 g kg-1、1.6 g kg-1、121.1 mg kg-1、124.3 mg kg-1和293.5 mg kg-1;40~60 cm层分别为:14.34 g kg-1、1.4 g kg-1、96.8 mg kg-1、87.6 mg kg-1和205.4 mg kg-1。总体来看,辽西主产区葡萄园根区土壤有机质处于中等水平,全氮、有效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量处于高水平或过量水平,存在潜在的环境风险。同时,由于多年传统施肥习惯,导致养分在根区土壤表层大量累积,其中土壤有效氮含量三层之间均存在显著性差异;0~20 cm土层的有机质、全氮和速效钾含量与20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层之间存在显著性差异,但20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层之间不存在显著性差异;土壤有效磷含量0~20 cm土层与40~60 cm土层之间存在显著性差异,0~20 cm与20~40 cm土层和20~40 cm与40~60 cm土层之间不存在显著性差异。 相似文献
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