全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7452篇 |
免费 | 45篇 |
国内免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 725篇 |
农学 | 234篇 |
基础科学 | 49篇 |
912篇 | |
综合类 | 331篇 |
农作物 | 505篇 |
水产渔业 | 460篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 3593篇 |
园艺 | 198篇 |
植物保护 | 504篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 118篇 |
2017年 | 184篇 |
2016年 | 168篇 |
2015年 | 232篇 |
2014年 | 200篇 |
2013年 | 154篇 |
2012年 | 446篇 |
2011年 | 301篇 |
2010年 | 108篇 |
2009年 | 71篇 |
2008年 | 62篇 |
2007年 | 38篇 |
2006年 | 40篇 |
2005年 | 776篇 |
2004年 | 652篇 |
2003年 | 445篇 |
2002年 | 111篇 |
2001年 | 130篇 |
2000年 | 32篇 |
1999年 | 146篇 |
1992年 | 117篇 |
1991年 | 145篇 |
1990年 | 168篇 |
1989年 | 147篇 |
1988年 | 171篇 |
1987年 | 113篇 |
1986年 | 143篇 |
1985年 | 117篇 |
1984年 | 91篇 |
1983年 | 81篇 |
1982年 | 33篇 |
1981年 | 17篇 |
1980年 | 23篇 |
1979年 | 133篇 |
1978年 | 96篇 |
1977年 | 91篇 |
1976年 | 77篇 |
1975年 | 137篇 |
1974年 | 129篇 |
1973年 | 116篇 |
1972年 | 138篇 |
1971年 | 118篇 |
1970年 | 88篇 |
1969年 | 102篇 |
1968年 | 113篇 |
1967年 | 125篇 |
1966年 | 102篇 |
1965年 | 70篇 |
排序方式: 共有7511条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Gomes Pöppl Á Costa Valle S Hilário Díaz González F de Castro Beck CA Kucharski LC Silveira Martins Da Silva R 《Veterinary research communications》2012,36(1):81-84
Estrus cycle is a well recognized cause of insulin resistance in bitches. The insulin receptor (IR) as well as the insulin-like
growth factor-I receptor belong to the same subfamily of tyrosine kinase (TK) receptors. The objective of this study was to
evaluate basal TK activity in muscle tissue of bitches during the estrus cycle. Twenty-four bitches were used in the study
(7 in anestrus, 7 in estrus, and 10 in diestrus). Muscle samples, taken after spaying surgery to determine TK activity, were
immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at −80°C until the membranes were prepared by sequential centrifugation
after being homogenized. TK activity was determined by Poly (Glu 4:Tyr 1) phosphorylation and expressed in cpm/μg of protein.
TK activity was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the animals in estrus (104.5 ± 11.9 cpm/μg of protein) and diestrus (94.5 ± 16.9 cpm/μg of protein) when compared
with bitches in anestrus (183.2 ± 39.2 cpm/μg of protein). These results demonstrate, for the first time, lower basal TK activity
in the muscle tissue of female dogs during estrus and diestrus, which may represent lower insulin signaling capacity, opening
a new field of investigation into the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in dogs. 相似文献
62.
The influence of an eradication programme for lice on the prevalence of light flecks and spots on cattle hides was studied in 33 dairy cattle herds during a period of two and a half years. Lice were eradicated from the main group of herds after 9 to 12 months and the quality of the hides before and after treatment was compared. Hides from slaughtered animals were collected during the study period, tanned and examined with special emphasis on the occurrence of the grain damage light flecks and spots. The prevalence of hides without light flecks and spots increased from 24.2% before treatment to 61.6% after treatment. The prevalence of hides free from the damage increased significantly in all examined anatomical regions. The improvement in hide quality was most marked in the shoulders and neck region which corresponded to the major predilection site of cattle lice. The prevalence of hides with light flecks and spots started to decrease in the first period (2-40 days) after eradication. The changes after treatment suggested that most healing process took place over a period of about 4 months. The eradication programme eliminated the seasonal variation in the prevalence of light flecks and spots which was present before treatment. 相似文献
63.
The nitrogen pool of piglets weighing 19.4 +/- 1.4 kg at the beginning of the experiment was labeled with an oral application of ([15N]H4)2SO4 (1.26 [15N]-atom percent excess of dietary N) over a period of 7 d. The labeling period was followed by an equilibration period of 7 d without feeding the labeling compound. The two experimental diets were based on wheat (53%) and rye (25%) and were fed either with or without a xylanase containing enzyme preparation over both experimental periods. Additionally, diets were supplemented with an indigestible marker during the 2nd period of the experiment to allow the calculation of endogenous N-losses in subsequent segments of the digestive tract of the pigs. These endogenous N-losses were estimated at the end of the experiment by analyzing feces, ingesta and urine for [15N]-enrichment assuming that [15N]-enrichment of urine represents the [15N]-enrichment of the precursor pool. Endogenous N-losses were not significantly affected by xylanase addition at any measurement site (stomach, 3 sections of the small intestine, total digestive tract). Endogenous N-proportions of total nitrogen amounted on average for the six pigs to 42 +/- 11% and 56 +/- 5% at the last section of the small intestine and over the whole digestive tract, respectively, which corresponded to endogenous N-losses of 2.8 +/- 1.3 g N/kg DM and 2.0 +/- 0.3 g N/kg DM, respectively. 相似文献
64.
The effects of feeding two fibre-rich diets with contrasting solubility and a concentrated low dietary fibre on the rate of gastric emptying were examined in six gastric cannulated pregnant sows. Additionally, it was examined whether any effect could be related to the physico-chemical properties of digesta, i.e. viscosity and/or water binding capacity. The sows were fed each diet for one week in a 3 x 3 Latin Square design and the samples were taken in a randomised order 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 15.5 h after the morning meal. The stomach contents were evacuated through the gastric cannula once daily. The evacuated gastric digesta was quantified and a representative sample was taken to determine its viscosity, water binding capacity and its content of dry matter, dietary components and solid (Cr2O3) and liquid (polyethylene glycol) phase markers. The flow of liquid digesta was calculated as the difference between digesta and dry matter. Increasing the content of dietary fibre in the diet led to higher recovery of liquid digesta but did not have any significant effect on the gastric emptying of dry matter and dietary components. The effect of dietary fibre could not be attributed to the viscosity of the liquid phase of digesta but might be related to the ability of the increased gastric dietary fibre content to hold water. The stomach selectively retained the insoluble dietary fibre components most noticeably seen with the bran-supplemented diet where the concentration of insoluble NSP in digesta increased significantly from 2 hours and onward. 相似文献
65.
Ragnvi Hagman Bert Jan Reezigt Hanna Bergstr?m Ledin Erika Karlstam 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2009,51(1):2
Background
Canine pyometra is a life-threatening disease common in countries where spaying of dogs is not routinely performed. The disease is associated with endotoxemia, sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and a 3–4% mortality rate. Blood lactate analysis is clinically valuable in predicting prognosis and survival, evaluating tissue perfusion and treatment response in human and veterinary critical care settings. The aims of the present study were to investigate 1) the blood lactate levels of female dogs with pyometra by a hand-held analyser and 2) if these levels are related with the clinical status or other biochemical or hematological disorders.Methods
In total 31 female dogs with pyometra admitted for surgical ovariohysterectomy and 16 healthy female control dogs were included in the present study. A complete physical examination including SIRS-status determination was performed. Blood samples for lactate concentrations, hematological and biochemical parameters, acid-base and blood gas analysis and other laboratory parameters were collected and subsequently analysed. The diagnosis pyometra was verified with histopathological examination of the uterus and ovaries. Increased hospitalisation length and presence of SIRS were used as indicators of outcome.Results
In the pyometra group the median blood lactate level was 1,6 mmol l-1 (range <0.8–2.7 mmol l-1). In the control group the median lactate level was 1,2 mmol l-1 (range <0.8–2.1 mmol l-1). Of the 31 bitches 19 (61%) fulfilled 2 or more criteria for SIRS at inclusion, 10 bitches (32%) fulfilled 3 of the SIRS criteria whereas none accomplished more than 3 criteria. Lactate levels did not differ significantly between the pyometra and control group, or between the SIRS positive and SIRS negative dogs with pyometra. Increased lactate concentration (>2.5 mmol l-1) was demonstrated in one female dog with pyometra (3%), and was not associated with longer hospitalisation or presence of SIRS. Lactate measurement was not indicative of peritonitis. None of the bitches died during or within two months of the hospital stay. The measurements of temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, percentage bandforms of neutrophilic granulocytes, α2-globulins, creatinin, pvCO2, TCO2 and base excess showed significant differences between the SIRS positive and the SIRS negative pyometra cases.Conclusion
Increased blood lactate concentrations were demonstrated in 3% (1/31), and SIRS was present in 61% (19/31) of the female dogs with pyometra. Preoperative lactate levels were not related with presence of SIRS or prolonged hospitalisation. Lactate measurement was not indicative of peritonitis. The value of a single and repeated lactate analysis in more severely affected cases remains to be determined. 相似文献66.
R G?ltenboth 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1991,104(1):15-18
It is reported of the treatment of a lower jaw fracture, a toe fracture, dislodging of the horn, and fissures in the plantar surface of the foot in three Indian and one Black rhinoceros in Berlin Zoo. Discussed are cause and course of the diseases, and surgical measures taken. 相似文献
67.
Lena Steng?rde Madeleine Tr?vén Ulf Emanuelson Kjell Holtenius Jan Hultgren Rauni Niskanen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2008,50(1):31
Background
Body condition score and blood profiles have been used to monitor management and herd health in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to examine BCS and extended metabolic profiles, reflecting both energy metabolism and liver status around calving in high-producing herds with a high incidence of abomasal displacement and ketosis and to evaluate if such profiles can be used at herd level to pinpoint specific herd problems.Methods
Body condition score and metabolic profiles around calving in five high-producing herds with high incidences of abomasal displacement and ketosis were assessed using linear mixed models (94 cows, 326 examinations). Cows were examined and blood sampled every three weeks from four weeks ante partum (ap) to nine weeks postpartum (pp). Blood parameters studied were glucose, fructosamine, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, β-hydroxybutyrate, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, haptoglobin and cholesterol.Results
All herds had overconditioned dry cows that lost body condition substantially the first 4–6 weeks pp. Two herds had elevated levels of NEFA ap and three herds had elevated levels pp. One herd had low levels of insulin ap and low levels of cholesterol pp. Haptoglobin was detected pp in all herds and its usefulness is discussed.Conclusion
NEFA was the parameter that most closely reflected the body condition losses while these losses were not seen in glucose and fructosamine levels. Insulin and cholesterol were potentially useful in herd profiles but need further investigation. Increased glutamate dehydrogenase suggested liver cell damage in all herds. 相似文献68.
Yeen Ten Hwang Marie-Line Gentes Dennilyn L Parker Serge Larivière Fran?ois Messier 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2004,35(4):515-519
A total of 20 (14 females, six males) captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) with miniature temperature dataloggers implanted free in the abdominal cavity were examined for reproductive performance and pathology because of implants. Eleven of 12 female skunks reproduced successfully 45.9+/-3.7 days after surgery to remove implanted dataloggers. The pregnancy rate of 91.7% (11/12) was much higher than other captive studies and was comparable with that of wild skunks. Eight striped skunks (six males, two females) that were euthanatized and necropsied after having implants in the abdominal cavity for 5 mo showed no apparent pathology associated with the implant. Implantation of the intraperitoneal devices did not lead to complications in abdominal tissues. Neither implant nor surgery affected reproduction. We conclude that implanted dataloggers can safely be used in physiologic studies of striped skunks or possibly other small carnivores in captive or field studies. 相似文献
69.
Fernando Machado-Stredel Benedictus Freeman Daniel Jiménez-Garcia Marlon E.Cobos Claudia Nu?ez-Penichet Laura Jiménez Ed Komp Utku Perktas Ali Khalighifar Kate Ingenloff Walter Tapondjou Thilina de Silva Sumudu Fernando Luis Osorio-Olvera A.Townsend Peterson 《中国鸟类》2022,(1):1-10
Studies of biodiversity dynamics have been cast on either long(systematics)or short(ecology)time scales,leaving a gap in coverage for moderate time scales of de... 相似文献
70.
DNA vaccinations against fish viral diseases as IHNV at commercial level in Canada against VHSV at experimental level are both success stories. DNA vaccination strategies against many other viral diseases have, however, not yet yielded sufficient results in terms of protection. There is an obvious need to combat many other viral diseases within aquaculture where inactivated vaccines fail. There are many explanations to why DNA vaccine strategies against other viral diseases fail to induce protective immune responses in fish. These obstacles include: 1) too low immunogenicity of the transgene, 2) too low expression of the transgene that is supposed to induce protection, 3) suboptimal immune responses, and 4) too high degradation rate of the delivered plasmid DNA. There are also uncertainties with regard distribution and degradation of DNA vaccines that may have implications for safety and regulatory requirements that need to be clarified. By combining plasmid DNA with different kind of adjuvants one can increase the immunogenicity of the transgene antigen – and perhaps increase the vaccine efficacy. By using molecular adjuvants with or without in combination with targeting assemblies one may expect different responses compared with naked DNA. This includes targeting of DNA vaccines to antigen presenting cells as a central factor in improving their potencies and efficacies by means of encapsulating the DNA vaccine in certain carriers systems that may increase transgene and MHC expression. This review will focus on DNA vaccine delivery, by the use of biodegradable PLGA particles as vehicles for plasmid DNA mainly in fish. 相似文献