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Katsuhiro Tokugawa Dan Aoki Ryutaro Asai Yasuyuki Matsushita Masao Ishiguro Yasufumi Noda Kazuhiko Fukushima 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(3):281-287
In order to understand the kraft pulp decolouring mechanism on using a nonionic detergent, the pulp washing process and the resulting pulp handsheets were investigated by examining the brightness, kappa number, thioacidolysis product yield, and dewatering efficiency in the pressing sheet making process. The pulp decolouring could be attributed to a decrease in the lignin content and an improvement in the dewatering efficiency. Furthermore, the detergent distribution in the aqueous pulp suspension obtained during the pulp washing process was visualised using cryo-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry/scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM). The detergent was clearly observed at the transverse surface of the pulp fibre cell wall and was also detected in the lumen of the fibres, suggesting the permeation of the detergent into the pulp fibre cell wall. Based on these results, the pulp decolouring mechanism can be proposed as follows: the detergent permeates into the pulp fibre cell wall and promotes the solution-exchange between the inside and the outside parts of the fibre cell wall, finally washing away the chromophoric substances such as lignin and its degradation products owing to the enhanced dewatering efficiency. 相似文献
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Hideki Takahashi Ayano Shimizu Tsutomu Arie Syofi Rosmalawati Sumire Fukushima Mari Kikuchi Yasufumi Hikichi Ayami Kanda Akiko Takahashi Akinori Kiba Kohei Ohnishi Yuki Ichinose Fumiko Taguchi Chihiro Yasuda Motoichiro Kodama Mayumi Egusa Chikara Masuta Hiroyuki Sawada Daisuke Shibata Koichi Hori Yuichiro Watanabe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(1):8-22
Lycopersicon esculentum cultivar Micro-Tom is a miniature tomato with many advantages for studies of the molecular biology and physiology of plants. To evaluate the suitability of Micro-Tom as a host plant for the study of pathogenesis, Micro-Tom plants were inoculated with 16 well-known fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens of tomato. Athelia rolfsii, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Oidium sp., Phytophthora infestans, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum caused typical symptoms and sporulated abundantly on Micro-Tom. Micro-Tom was resistant to Alternaria alternata, Corynespora cassiicola, and Fusarium oxysporum. When Micro-Tom was inoculated with 17 isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum, many isolates induced wilt symptoms. Agrobacterium tumefaciens also was pathogenic, causing crown galls on stem tissue after needle prick inoculation. In Micro-Tom sprayed with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, P. s. pv. tabaci, or P. s. pv. glycinea, bacterial populations did not increase, and yellow lesions appeared only on leaves sprayed with P. s. pv. tomato. Tomato mosaic virus, Tomato aspermy virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus systemically infected Micro-Tom, which developed symptoms characteristic of other cultivars of tomato after infection with the respective virus. These results indicated that Micro-Tom was generally susceptible to most of the important tomato pathogens and developed typical symptoms, whereas certain pathogens were restricted by either hypersensitive resistance or nonhost resistance on Micro-Tom. Therefore, an assortment of Micro-Tom–pathogen systems should provide excellent models for studying the mechanism of susceptible and resistant interactions between plants and pathogens. 相似文献
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Matsuda-Minehata F Inoue N Goto Y Manabe N 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2006,52(6):695-705
In the mammalian ovary, follicular development and atresia are closely regulated by cell death and survival-promoting factors, including hormones (gonadotropins) and intraovarian regulators (gonadal steroids, cytokines, and intracellular proteins). Several hundred thousand primordial follicles are present in the mammalian ovary; however, only a limited number of primordial follicles develop to the preovulatory stage and ovulate. The others, more than 99% of follicles, will be eliminated via a degenerative process known as "atresia". The endocrinological regulatory mechanisms involved in follicular development and atresia have been characterized to a large extent, but the precise temporal and molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of these events have remained largely unknown. Recent studies suggest that the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells plays a major role in follicular atresia. In this review, we provide an overview of development and atresia of follicles, and apoptosis of granulosa cells in mammals. 相似文献
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Koyama N Kuribayashi K Seki T Kobayashi K Furuhata Y Suzuki K Arisaka H Nakano T Amino Y Ishii K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(14):4970-4976
The effects of defatted safflower seed extract and its phenolic constituents, serotonin derivatives, on atherosclerosis were studied. Ethanol-ethyl acetate extract of safflower seeds (SSE) inhibited low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation induced in vitro by an azo-containing free-radical initiator V70 or copper ions. Two serotonin derivatives [N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin, CS; N-feruloylserotonin, FS] and their glucosides were identified as the major phenolic constituents of the extract. The study with chemically synthesized materials revealed that a majority of the antioxidative activity of SSE was attributable to the aglycones of these two serotonin derivatives. Orally administered CS and FS suppressed CuSO(4)-induced plasma oxidation ex vivo. Long-term (15 week) dietary supplementation of SSE (1.0 wt %/wt) and synthetic serotonin derivatives (0.2-0.4%) significantly reduced the atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic sinus of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (29.2-79.7% reduction). The plasma level of both lipid peroxides and anti-oxidized LDL autoantibody titers decreased concomitantly with the reduction of lesion formation. Serotonin derivatives were detected as both intact and conjugated metabolites in the plasma of C57BL/6J mice fed on 1.0% SSE diet. These findings demonstrate that serotonin derivatives of SSE are absorbed into circulation and attenuate atherosclerotic lesion development possibly because of the inhibition of oxidized LDL formation through their strong antioxidative activity. 相似文献
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Cartilage acidic protein-1B (LOTUS), an endogenous Nogo receptor antagonist for axon tract formation
Sato Y Iketani M Kurihara Y Yamaguchi M Yamashita N Nakamura F Arie Y Kawasaki T Hirata T Abe T Kiyonari H Strittmatter SM Goshima Y Takei K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6043):769-773
Neural circuitry formation depends on the molecular control of axonal projection during development. By screening with fluorophore-assisted light inactivation in the developing mouse brain, we identified cartilage acidic protein-1B as a key molecule for lateral olfactory tract (LOT) formation and named it LOT usher substance (LOTUS). We further identified Nogo receptor-1 (NgR1) as a LOTUS-binding protein. NgR1 is a receptor of myelin-derived axon growth inhibitors, such as Nogo, which prevent neural regeneration in the adult. LOTUS suppressed Nogo-NgR1 binding and Nogo-induced growth cone collapse. A defasciculated LOT was present in lotus-deficient mice but not in mice lacking both lotus- and ngr1. These findings suggest that endogenous antagonism of NgR1 by LOTUS is crucial for normal LOT formation. 相似文献
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Yasuo Tomida Toshiya Suzuki Tsutomu Yamada Ryuji Asami Hirofumi Yaegashi Yasufumi Iryu Tsuguo Otake 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(2):273-280
We examined differences in otolith oxygen (δ18Ootolith) and carbon (δ13Cotolith) stable isotope ratios between hatchery and wild pink salmon fry. The δ18Ootolith values of hatchery and wild fry were ?7.7 ± 0.2 ‰ and ?8.3 ± 0.3 ‰ (1σ), respectively. This difference reflected differences in temperature conditions experienced by each fry. The δ13Cotolith values of hatchery and wild fry were ?19.2 ± 0.3 ‰ and ?11.1 ± 1.8 ‰ (1σ), respectively. The lower δ13Cotolith values of hatchery fry were probably related to their intake of artificial diets. Discriminant analysis of δ18Ootolith and δ13Cotolith values demonstrated a highly significant difference between hatchery and wild fry with 95.8 % classification accuracy. Therefore, analysis of δ18Ootolith and δ13Cotolith precipitated in the fry stage may be useful for discriminating the origin of returning adult pink salmon. The discrimination method for returning adult fish would provide important information for evaluating the effect of hatchery release and their impact on the wild population. 相似文献