母猪不食的原因分析及综合防控措施

母猪通过采食饲料,获得营养物质,一旦不食,养分没有来源,必然不能维持生产和基本的健康.无论是妊娠期还是分娩期不食,都影响母猪和仔猪的健康及生产性能,从而增加生产成本、降低养殖效益.母猪产后不食,生成乳汁的营养来源不足,仔猪因不能摄入足够的母乳,引发腹泻、生长受阻,甚至死亡.营养摄入不足,也影响母猪产后机体恢复,母猪表现...     

皮南牛新品种培育现状、存在问题与对策

南阳牛是我国五大良种黄牛品种之一,近些年国家越来越重视通过杂交改良的方法产生新品种培育工作,1986年引进了皮埃蒙特牛,与南阳牛进行杂交改良,通过30多年来的持续选育,横交固定形成了皮南牛新类群,它保持了南阳牛适应性好、耐粗饲的优点,同时继承了皮埃蒙特牛生长发育快、瘦肉率高的特点,但在皮南牛新品种培育过程中,仍存在核心...     

母猪批次化生产研发进展

批次化生产是欧美等畜牧业发达国家开发的一种工厂化养猪模式,近年来我国也在逐渐推广应用,它显著提升了猪场生产效率与生物安全,尤其对当前我国非洲猪瘟防控和生猪产能恢复具有重要意义.文章简述了母猪批次化生产的研发历史,并综述了其技术优势、关键技术以及我国目前研发、应用情况,以期提高我国母猪批次化生产水平,促进养猪业转型升级.     

YX106系杜洛克种猪有效精子数遗传改良

公猪在养猪生产中占据着最重要的位置,公猪的优秀遗传基因可通过精液快速传递到商品群中,从而快速获得效益。因此公猪精液的好坏关系着公猪的价值。在高成本的选育前提下,选育出1头精液品质优良的公猪具有重要的意义。研究将公猪精液品质指标加入到公猪选育性状中进行对比分析。研究结果表明：对公猪进行精液有效精子数选育可提高选育质量,正向促进公猪选育效果,提升种公猪利用效率。     

河南省动物检疫全链条信息化监管模式

为提高畜牧兽医行政监管效能和信息化监管水平,河南省建立了智慧兽医云平台,实现了动物检疫全链条信息化闭环管理和畜产品质量安全全程可追溯.该平台首先将动物检疫电子出证监管向养殖场纵向延伸,强化产地管理,实行养殖档案电子化,通过编制不同颜色的二维码,实现养殖场的动态分类监管;然后实行畜禽屠宰从养殖场到屠宰场的"点对点"调运闭...     

家庭猪场防控非洲猪瘟的关键点分析

非洲猪瘟对家庭猪场的生产稳定性带来极大的挑战。文章分析了家庭猪场防控非洲猪瘟存在的问题及对关键点针对性的防控措施。     

Ecological fitness and strategies of adaptation of Bartonella species to their hosts and vectors

Bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause characteristic host-restricted hemotropic infections in mammals and are typically transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods. In the mammalian reservoir, these bacteria initially infect a yet unrecognized primary niche, which seeds organisms into the blood stream leading to the establishment of a long-lasting intra-erythrocytic bacteremia as the hall-mark of infection. Bacterial type IV secretion systems, which are supra-molecular transporters ancestrally related to bacterial conjugation systems, represent crucial pathogenicity factors that have contributed to a radial expansion of the Bartonella lineage in nature by facilitating adaptation to unique mammalian hosts. On the molecular level, the type IV secretion system VirB/VirD4 is known to translocate a cocktail of different effector proteins into host cells, which subvert multiple cellular functions to the benefit of the infecting pathogen. Furthermore, bacterial adhesins mediate a critical, early step in the pathogenesis of the bartonellae by binding to extracellular matrix components of host cells, which leads to firm bacterial adhesion to the cell surface as a prerequisite for the efficient translocation of type IV secretion effector proteins. The best-studied adhesins in bartonellae are the orthologous trimeric autotransporter adhesins, BadA in Bartonella henselae and the Vomp family in Bartonella quintana. Genetic diversity and strain variability also appear to enhance the ability of bartonellae to invade not only specific reservoir hosts, but also accidental hosts, as shown for B. henselae. Bartonellae have been identified in many different blood-sucking arthropods, in which they are typically found to cause extracellular infections of the mid-gut epithelium. Adaptation to specific vectors and reservoirs seems to be a common strategy of bartonellae for transmission and host diversity. However, knowledge regarding arthropod specificity/restriction, the mode of transmission, and the bacterial factors involved in arthropod infection and transmission is still limited.     

草坪在生态城市建设中的作用及其应用

论述了草坪在城市生态系统中的生态效应是目前我国在应用草坪提高城市生态质量方面存在的问题，通过对城市生态系统特殊性的分析，提出了草坪系统规划的目的和原则，力求把城市建设成为生态协调、可持续利用和良性循环的人居环境。     

Overexpression of a small heat‐shock‐protein gene enhances tolerance to abiotic stresses in rice

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world which survives from various abiotic stresses in natural environments with specific stress‐involved genes expressed. Plant sHSPs (small heat‐shock proteins) were reported to respond to abiotic stresses. To improve the understanding of sHSPs in rice, we characterized heat‐shock‐protein gene OsHSP18.6 here. OsHSP18.6 could be induced by diverse stresses, such as drought, salt and cold, especially under heat. The gene was found expressed in root, stem, leaf, internode and spikelet. Overexpression of OsHSP18.6 results in increased thermotolerance and exhibits universal tolerance to stresses tested, including heat, drought, salt and cold. Lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and greater activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in OsHSP18.6‐overexpression rice under heat and drought. OsHSP18.6‐overexpression lines indicated decreased sterile rates under hot weather without remarkable changes in most of other agronomic traits compared with wild‐type plants.