砂藓(Racomitrium canescens)RcRab基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

本研究以砂藓(Racomitrium canescens)为材料,从砂藓干旱处理转录组数据库中筛选获得小G结合蛋白基因Rab的mRNA序列,通过RT-PCR法扩增,得到RcRab基因的CDS序列,并对其进行了生物信息学分析。结果表明,该基因c DNA全长为1171 bp,包含636 bp的开放阅读框,编码211个氨基酸。预测该基因有Rab家族的保守结构域-G结构域。RcRab蛋白分子质量为23.29 kD,理论等电点为5.76,具有亲水性,不属于跨膜蛋白且不存在信号肽。进化树分析表明,RcRab蛋白质与小立碗藓(Physcomitrella patens)Rab蛋白质亲缘关系最近。本研究可为进一步探索RcRab基因在苔藓植物中的抗旱机制提供数据基础。     

Association analysis for detecting significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance at the seedling stage in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]

Tolerance to low-phosphorus soil is a desirable trait in soybean cultivars. Previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance were mainly derived from bi-parental segregating populations and few reports from natural population. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs that regulate phosphorus-deficiency tolerance in soybean using association mapping approach. Phosphorus-deficiency tolerance was evaluated according to five traits (plant shoot height, shoot dry weight, phosphorus concentration, phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency) comprising a conditional phenotype at the seedling stage. Association mapping of the conditional phenotype detected 19 SNPs including 13 SNPs that were significantly associated with the five traits across two years. A novel cluster of SNPs, including three SNPs that consistently showed significant effects over two years, that associated with more than one trait was detected on chromosome 3. All favorable alleles, which were determined based on the mean of conditional phenotypic values of each trait over the two years, could be pyramided into one cultivar through parental cross combination. The best three cross combinations were predicted with the aim of simultaneously improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency. These results will provide a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of phosphorus deficiency tolerance in soybean.     

不同剂量25羟基维生素D3对断奶前犊牛血液生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

为研究不同剂量25羟基维生素D₃[25(OH)VD₃]对断奶前犊牛血液水平、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,选取18 头健康状况良好的新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分成3 组,每组6 头进行为期56 天的饲养试验。分为对照组[不添加25(OH)VD₃]、低剂量组[25(OH)VD₃添加量6 000 IU/头·天]和高剂量组[25(OH)VD₃添加量12 000 IU/头·天]。结果表明,与对照组相比,随着25(OH)VD₃添加剂量增加,血浆生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子-1、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力以及免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著增加(P<0.05),而丙二醛含量随剂量增加而存在降低趋势(P=0.079)。与对照组和低剂量组相比,高剂量组血浆免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量有增加趋势(P=0.059)。综上所述,断奶前犊牛饲喂高剂量25(OH)VD₃有利于促进体内生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子-1分泌,可提高犊牛抗氧化能力,增强免疫功能。     

棉花SSR-PCR过程中聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳操作常见问题的解决与优化

在大批量聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳过程中,难免会出现条带空白、弯曲或者拖尾等各种异常现象。本文以棉花DNA为例,综述了多年实验操作中遇到的突发情况及解决方法,为广大科研工作者提供参考。     

冬季防虫网内外环境因子变化对砂糖橘冬稍生长的影响

探索防虫网覆盖栽培技术对网室环境因子和砂糖橘冬稍生长的影响。对12月份40目防虫网内外环境因子、害虫和冬梢性能进行了检测,结果显示,40目透光防虫网防虫网能增加柑网室的温度和湿度,同时降低柑网室的光照强度和光照时间,冬季对柑橘害虫的数量没有影响,防虫网导致的柑橘园环境因子的变化对柑橘冬稍的生长没有影响。     

黄河流域机采棉植株性状的筛选

为筛选适合黄河流域棉区机采的品种,对16份棉花材料的果枝始节高度、株高、产量构成因素、纤维品质指标进行系统调查、分析与研究。结果表明:适合进一步培育机采品种的材料为590032、中棉所49。     

棉花花铃期持续高温对不同部位成铃和品质的影响

为了探讨花铃期高温对棉花成铃的影响,设置了6个品种试验,调查生长发育、农艺性状与纤维品质。结果表明花铃期高温天气出现频率高,持续时间长,棉花下部棉铃,尤其是中部优质棉铃的成铃率下降,对纤维品质影响大,高温期开花5-6果枝成铃的纤维长度变短,中下部1-6果枝铃的纤维断裂比强度明显低于上部7-9果枝。7月中下旬应增施磷钾肥,提高滴灌频率,缩短滴灌时间,改善田间小气候,减轻天气对棉花产量和品质的影响。     

Physiological characteristics of high yield under cluster planting: photosynthesis and canopy microclimate of cotton

Cotton produces more biomass and economic yield when cluster planting pattern (three plants per hole) than in a traditional planting pattern (one plant per hole), even at similar plant densities, indicating that individual plant growth is promoted by cluster planting. The causal factors for this improved growth induced by cluster planting pattern, the light interception, canopy microclimate and photosynthetic rate of cotton were investigated in an arid region of China. The results indicated that the leaf area index and light interception were higher in cluster planting, and significantly different from those in traditional planting during the middle and late growth stages. Cotton canopy humidity at different growth stages was increased but canopy temperatures were reduced by cluster planting. In the later growth stage of cluster planting, the leaf chlorophyll content was higher and the leaf net photosynthetic rate and canopy photosynthetic rate were significantly increased in comparing with traditional planting pattern. We concluded that differences in canopy light interception and photosynthetic rate were the primary factors responsible for increased biomass production and economic yield in cluster planting compared with the traditional planting of cotton.     

夸克芝士风味发酵乳的制备

以全脂牛乳、白砂糖和夸克芝士为主要配方,酸度和感官评价为检测指标,通过单因素试验并用响应面试验优化,确定夸克风味发酵乳的最佳配方工艺条件。结果表明,在白砂糖添加量为8.0%,夸克芝士添加量为6.0%,发酵剂接种量为1.0%,发酵温度43 ℃,发酵时间5.5 h时,夸克风味发酵乳口感最佳。在此优化条件下,成品感官评分为90.21 分,酸度为78.2 °T,产品组织状态细腻,质构均匀,酸甜适中,口感嫩滑,且具有夸克芝士特有的风味。