Morphological and cytogenetic studies on the hybrid between bread wheat and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Psathyrostachys huashanica</Emphasis> Keng ex Kuo

Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng ex Kuo (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs), a source of wheat stripe rust, take-all fungus, and powdery mildew resistance with tolerance to salinity and drought, has been successfully hybridized as the pollen parent to bread wheat without using immature embryo rescuing culture for the first time. All of the CSph2b × P. huashanica hybrid seeds germinate well. Backcross derivatives were successfully obtained. F₁ hybrids were verified as intergeneric hybrids on the basis of morphological observation, cytological and molecular analyses. The results obviously showed the phenotypes of the hybrid plants were intermediate between bread wheat and P. huashanica. Chromosome pairing at MI of PMCs in the F₁ hybrid plants was low, and the meiotic configuration was 26.80 I + 0.60 II (rod). Cytological analysis of the hybrid plants revealed the ineffectiveness of the ph2b gene on chromosome association between the parents. Eight RAPD-specific markers for Ns genome were selected for RAPD analysis, and the results indicated that F₁ hybrids contained the Ns genome of P. huashanica. Furthermore, the significance of the finding for bread wheat improvement was discussed.     

藠头与日本肯定列表略论

通过调查分析,结合实地考查,对藠头产业应对日本"肯定列表制度"进行了系统的分析和总结,并提出了相关建议。     

套作对太子参生物量和产量的影响

研究套作对太子参生物量和产量的影响,为这种重要中药材的合理栽培提供参考。通过连续 2个生长季的盆栽试验,以太子参单作为对照,设置大豆和玉米2种套作处理,考察套作对太子参生物量和产量指标的影响。与太子参单种相比,套作处理降低了太子参的地上生物量,增加了总生物量,显著地提高了产量,极显著地提高了根茎比;套作促进了光合产物向根系的分配,有助于太子参产量的提高,且套作大豆和玉米对提升太子参产量的效果相当;套作对太子参的单根重指标表现出了一定的促进作用,但其对太子参的增产作用主要是通过增加太子参的分根数来实现的。实际生产中可选择合适的作物与太子参套作,提高太子参产量,并获取更大的综合收益。     

魔芋软腐病研究进展和对策

魔芋软腐病频发已成为制约魔芋种植业发展的瓶颈。通过对魔芋软腐病病原菌鉴定、软腐病侵染路径、软腐病防控等方面研究进展的概述。提出了通过筛选、创制“优质、抗（耐）病”的魔芋资源,为魔芋抗病育种提供新材料。构建魔芋根际土壤微生物宏基因组文库,挖掘抗魔芋软腐病菌的新生物活性物质或新基因,在基因组水平上为魔芋软腐病的生态防控提供新资源。利用根际微生态平衡理论,研究魔芋根际土壤微生物群落的变化,通过土壤生物活性的改良,消除或者减轻魔芋病害。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒Real-time PCR检测方法的建立

为定量检测猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）载量,建立PEDV的Real—timePCR方法。用RT-PCR方法扩增PEDV的M基因片段,构建含有M基因片段的重组质粒,用该重组质粒进行SYBRGreen I Real—timePCR,来建立检测PEDV的荧光定量PCR方法。结果显示：在（5．56×10^2-5．56×10^7）拷贝／皿范围内,所建立方法具有优良的线性关系,其决定系数为0．9996,扩增效率为99．5％,扩增产物的熔解曲线只有一个特异性峰,无引物二聚体峰,熔解温度为（81．18±0．21）℃。该方法对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、猪圆环病毒II型等猪源病毒均检测不到扩增产物,重复性试验的变异系数小于3％,对临床样品的检出率高于常规PCR方法。研究结果表明：建立的Real-timePCR检测方法特异性强、重复性好、灵敏性高,可用于PEDV的定量检测及其早期感染的快速诊断。     

福建省鸡源大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为探究福建地区鸡致病性大肠杆菌分离株的耐药情况。通过采集疑似大肠杆病死鸡的肝、脾、肺等脏器病料,并结合流行病学、临床学、病理学、生物化学和实验室PCR方法进行分离与鉴定,最终确诊为鸡大肠杆菌病。挑选分离的12株鸡大肠杆菌进行药敏试验,明确大肠杆菌耐药谱,为筛选敏感药物用于治疗与预防该病提供参考。     

Development and identification of a introgression line with strong drought resistance at seedling stage derived from Oryza sativa L. mating with Oryza rufipogon Griff

Drought stress is severely damaging during seedling stage of rice (Oryza sativa L.), which can lead to significant yield reductions. Dongxiang common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff., hereafter referred to as DXWR), with strong drought resistance, could be a favorable genetic resource to improve the drought resistance of cultivated rice. Xieqingzao B (O. sativa L. ssp. indica, hereafter referred to as XB) is a representative maintainer line in hybrid rice breeding system in China. By using DXWR as donor parent, XB as recurrent parent, through continuous selfing, backcrossing and strict drought-resistant screening, we developed a strong and stable drought-resistant introgression line IL395 (BC₅F₁₀), whose ability of drought resistance was significantly increased than that of the recurrent parent XB at the seedling stage. Meanwhile, no significant differences existed among other major agronomic traits under normal condition, except for plant height. Physiological assessment revealed that IL395 exhibited a significant increase in levels of free proline and soluble sugars, which was associated with drought resistance. Whole genome marker analyses identified genomic segments of DXWR linking with RM171 and RM590 (chr. 10) and RM235 (chr. 12) that require further analysis as possible sources of drought resistance trait. These results suggest that DXWR could be a favorable genetic resource to improve the drought resistance of cultivated rice, and the IL395 might be a useful resource for excavating the drought-resistant genes from DXWR.     

陆地棉主要农艺与纤维品质性状的双列杂交分 析简

 本文利用加性-显性与环境互作的遗传模型（ADE模型）,分析8个陆地棉亲本及其F1在不同环境下的农艺和纤维品质性状,在估算遗传方差分量、遗传效应的基础上,分析各类性状间的遗传相关性,并预测F1和F2的杂种优势,为棉花杂种优势利用和新品种选育提供了较有价值的信息。研究表明,农艺与纤维品质性状的遗传主要受加性、显性和加性与环境互作效应控制。遗传相关分析表明,皮棉产量与纤维品质性状的显性相关系数值较大,利用杂种优势在早期世代可以得到协同改良,纤维品质性状间易实现协同改良。杂种优势分析表明,F₁和F₂的皮棉产量均具有显著的超亲优势,纤维品质性状的杂种优势不明显。     

不同沟灌方式下土壤水、热分布研究

为了阐明不同沟灌方式对土壤水、热分布的影响,开展大田分区试验,研究了玉米生长期间交替隔沟(AFI)和常规沟灌(CFI)方式下不同位置处（沟位、坡位、垄位）土壤水热变化。结果表明,在一个灌水周期内,AFI的根区土壤水分以向下和侧向入渗为主,土壤水分有利于被作物根系吸收利用,而CFI的根区土壤水分始终保持较高的水平,促进土壤水分向根区以下移动,容易发生渗漏损失;沟灌方式引起剖面土壤温度的变化,高水分区域引起低土温,1个灌水周期内AFI根区平均土温比CFI高0.56~1.78℃,但不同点位之间根区平均土温差异较CFI小。在玉米生长期间,AFI根区平均土温比CFI高0.05~2.16℃,根区平均土壤含水量比CFI低3.31%左右。土温与土壤含水量存在良好的二次曲线关系,当土壤含水量X=37.30%时,土壤温度出现最低值。因此,与常规沟灌相比,交替隔沟灌溉具有控墒调温的作用,有利于根区土壤水分的高效利用,促进根区土温的均匀分布。     

1株产洛伐他汀红曲菌的筛选和鉴定

为筛选产洛伐他汀菌株,从不同来源的12个红曲米样品中,分离得到56株菌。通过薄层层析法初筛,HPLC复筛,得到5株产洛伐他汀菌株。对其中1株洛伐他汀产量最高的菌株MPT13(0.263 mg/mL)进行个体形态、菌落特征和分子生物学方法鉴定,并与GenBank中已有的有关序列进行比较及系统发育分析,结果鉴定菌株MPT13为紫色红曲霉(Monascus purpure)。