蜀宣花牛体型外貌、线性评定及生理指标测定

[目的]为了充分了解牛群的体型外貌及生理指标情况,我们对牛群体型外貌进行了评定、同时对牛群的毛色、肤色、踢、角及生理指标进行了调查研究。[方法]通过对牛群生理指标测定、体型外貌评定及毛色、肤色、踢、角颜色和形状分析。[结果]表明:蜀宣花牛肉用指数公母牛分别为5.3769和4.0725,低于国外专门化肉牛品种,但也明显高于国内几个比较有名的地方牛品种,由此说明,蜀宣花牛的肉用指数界于专用型肉牛和肉役兼用型牛之间。毛色以黄白花和红白花为主,占90.16%;皮肤颜色以纯粉色和粉色有斑点的为主,占96.92%;蹄质颜色以纯蜡黄色为主,占86.28%;角型以照阳角为主,占93.94%。成年母牛的生理指标分别为:体温平均38.38℃、心跳74.56次/min、呼吸18.74次/min和瘤胃蠕动2.84次/2min;体型外貌线性评定分析表明,蜀宣花牛母牛的14个性状中,除后房宽度、尻角度和乳房底部3个性状平均分略低于75分,强壮度、后房高度、乳头位置和乳静脉4个性状的平均分高于80分外,其余7个性状的平均分都在75~80分之间。[结论]从乳用性能的角度看,牛群的平均体型尚处在较理想型和理想型之间,还有待进一步选育提高。     

放牧对青海湖北岸高寒草原植物群落特征的影响

基于青海湖北岸高寒草原连续3年放牧控制试验,研究了暖季和冷季放牧草地植物群落特征的变化。结果表明,暖季和冷季放牧草地群落地上生物量均随放牧强度的增加呈现下降趋势,禾本科地上生物量的变化趋势基本与群落地上生物量的一致;中度放牧对暖季放牧草地植被的影响程度高于冷季放牧草地;围栏封育区和冷季重度放牧草地的优势种均为紫花针茅(Stipapurpurea)和矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis),暖季放牧各放牧小区和冷季放牧草地轻度和中度放牧处理优势种均为紫花针茅和披针叶黄华(Thermopsis lanceolata);随放牧强度的增加,暖季放牧草地群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数表现出先降低后增加的趋势,冷季放牧草地群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数表现出增加的趋势,但是多样性指数在暖、冷季放牧草地均以重度放牧区最高。     

不同生长期金荞麦营养成分含量及消化率测定研究

为系统地测定分析不同生长期金荞麦的常规营养成分、氨基酸、微量元素含量及其回肠末端消化率, 本研究用3头安装“T”型瘘管, 并做回-直肠吻合切除盲肠的巴克夏-驯养野猪-高坡黑猪(巴-野-高)三元杂交生长猪作为试验动物, 采用3×3拉丁方试验设计开展消化试验。结果表明, 分枝期、孕蕾期和初花期金荞麦OM、CP、EE、Ca、P、CF含量分别为88.59%、22.72%、2.34%、1.05%、0.39%、13.51%, 89.10%、20.57%、1.69%、1.25%、0.42%、15.50%和89.63%、17.54%、1.37%、1.29%、0.46%、19.75%;EAA、NEAA和TAA含量分别为9285、7982、6244 mg/100 g, 14334、10810、9320 mg/100 g和23619、18792、15564 mg/100 g。随着生长期的后延, 营养成分含量显著降低, 在体和离体消化率也随着生长期的后延而显著降低。分枝期与孕蕾期间营养成分含量差异显著(P<0.05), 分枝期与初花期间营养成分含量差异极显著(P<0.01), 孕蕾期与初花期间营养成分含量差异显著(P<0.05)。从分枝期到孕蕾期, 金荞麦CP、EE、EAA及TAA下降较慢, CF含量升高较慢, 营养成分消化率下降也较慢;从孕蕾期到初花期, 金荞麦CP、EE、EAA及TAA下降较快, CF含量升高也较快, 营养成分消化率下降也较快。以分枝期、孕蕾期和初花期体外法测定常规营养成分及微量元素消化率值为自变量, 以对应的动物饲养试验回肠末端表观消化率值为因变量建立的回归方程拟合度好,可用于推算对应的回肠末端表观消化率。本实验证明, 金荞麦营养丰富、消化率高, 必需氨基酸比例高、适合动物消化吸收。孕蕾期为金荞麦适宜收割期, 在适宜收割期内, 收割时间点应选择孕蕾后期。     

Effect of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Intestinal Structure of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on growth performance,immune function and intestinal structure of broilers. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy Tiejiaoma broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Control group was fed with the basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed with basal diet adding 8% flavomycin 60 mg/kg +15% aureomycin 270 mg/kg and group Ⅲ was fed with basal diet adding 1% Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The trial period lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follow:① At 21 days of age,the average daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the average daily gain and F/G among the three groups (P>0.05).②At 21 days of age,the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indexes of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05);But the spleen index were not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the content of IgA and IgM in serum of groups Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IgG in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05).④At 21 days of age,the content of IL-2,TNF-α and sIgA in intestinal mucosa of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IL-6 in intestinal mucosa of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).⑤At 21 days of age,the villus height of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),the villus height/crypt depth of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). However,the crypt depth was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).In conclusion,that Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara could not affect the growth performance of broilers,but it could improve the development of immune organs,increase the secretion of serum immunoglobulin, promote the immune function of intestinal mucosa and intestinal morphology of jejunum.     

从动物毛中提取DNA研究初探

利用蛋白酶Ｋ分解毛发蛋白，并使用酚和氧仿除去蛋白质杂质方法提取毛中ＤＮＡ。结果测量获得的数据和曲线表明：动物脱落毛发以及从保存多年标本获得的毛发均可用来提取到具有一定纯度和数量的ＤＮＡ，完全可以满足聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）所需。     

改造鼠荒地,改善草原生态环境

鼠荒地是害鼠破坏草原植被以后形成的次生裸地。在鼠荒地上 ,原生植被破坏率达80 %～ 90 % ,并滋生一、二年生杂草 ,植被稀疏 ,群落结构简化 ,植被盖度不及 10 % ,地上植物量为37.5～ 152 .5kg/hm2 。土壤侵蚀严重 ,地表形态支离破碎 ,并出现沙化特证 ,对周边草场构成沙尘暴和扬沙威胁。进一步对鼠荒地的发生与发展、鼠荒地的生态环境特征等问题作了深入论述 ,并针对鼠荒地提出了几项有效的改造措施。     

我国行政扑杀行为的行政法考量——以私权保护为视角

动物疫情大规模暴发时,对一定范围内的动物进行扑杀是各国通行的做法。行政扑杀是政府行使行政权的表现,权力行使不当会损害相对人的合法权益。我国《动物防疫法》等法律法规中有行政扑杀行为的具体规定。行政扑杀行为是即时性强制行为。行政法应从合法性原则、正当程序原则、比例原则、充分补偿原则四个方面对行政扑杀行为进行规制。行政相对人对政府的行政扑杀行为,可以通过行政复议和行政诉讼进行救济。政府应对扑杀行为的具体做法加以改进,以促进社会和谐。     

Effects of dietary lipid levels on lipid deposition and activities of lipid metabolic enzymes in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, lipid deposition and activities of lipid metabolic enzymes in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Four isonitrogenous (300 g/kg crude protein) experimental diets containing graded levels of lipid (25, 55, 85 and 115 g/kg) were randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 180 juvenile fish. Fish were fed twice daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the growth performance and proximate composition of fish were determined. The activities and gene expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were assessed as well. Fish fed the diets with 55 and 85 g/kg lipid had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher body weight gain than those fed the diets with 25 and 115 g/kg lipid. The whole-body and liver lipid contents were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated with increasing dietary lipid levels. Moreover, the activities and mRNA abundances of LPL and HSL in the liver, dorsal muscle and fat tissues were markedly altered by dietary lipid levels. Our data demonstrate a profound influence of dietary lipid levels on the growth and lipid deposition in hybrid tilapia, which is likely associated with the regulation of lipid metabolic enzymes including LPL and HSL.