自主学习在中学思想政治课中的运用

自主学习既是一种学习模式,也是一种主导学习的内在机制。在中学思想政治课教学中运用自主学习,对于提高学生的学习兴趣,调动学习积极性,增强教学效果具有积极作用。运用自主学习必须扎实地搞好教学设计;必须营造一种民主学习氛围,实现师生双向交流;必须发挥教师的主导作用。     

再生稻白背飞虱为害损失测定和防治指标的研究

在福建,白背飞虱是再生稻的重要害虫。文中进行了再生稻白背飞虱为害损失的测定。根据虫量和产量损失的关系,结合现行稻谷价格、产量水平、防治费用等因素,确定允许为害损失率,同时建立了防治指标模型。按照防治指标模型,制定出不同产量水平的防治指标。     

Comparison of morphology, viability, and function between blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats

The morphological features of blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats were compared using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry in order to investigate the cytological changes of neutrophils after migration into the mammary gland. The kinetics of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generation and gelatinase release of blood and milk neutrophils, with or without stimulation of phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate ester (PMA), were used to characterize their responses to inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophils isolated from goat milk were highly segmented and contained multi-lobed nuclei. Ultrastructurally, milk neutrophils were more ruffled on the surface compared to blood neutrophils. Approximately 30% of milk neutrophils were undergoing cell death, either necrosis or apoptosis, in contrast to 8% of blood neutrophils. The ROI production of activated milk neutrophils peaked earlier than blood neutrophils, but the duration and the intensity were much less. Neutrophils from both sources augmented the release of gelatinase in response to PMA (1 ng/mL). However, the amount of gelatinase released from milk neutrophils was lower (P < 0.05) than that of blood neutrophils. In summary, more neutrophils become apoptotic and necrotic in the mammary gland, presumably due to spontaneous aging, the process of diapedesis, and the interaction with milk components. Milk neutrophils have impaired functionalities in comparison with blood neutrophils. The information is relevant when studying mammary gland immunity and related diseases, such as mastitis.     

七种稻田常用杀虫剂对拟环纹豹蛛的室内风险评价

正水稻生育期长,害虫多样。为提高水稻害虫综合防治效果,需协调化学防治和生物防治,选择对害虫高效而对天敌无害的高选择性农药,提高协同控害作用。国内开展了许多不同化学农药对稻田捕食性天敌(瓢虫、捕食蝽)和寄生性天敌(寄生蜂)的风险评价,但化学农药对稻田捕食性天敌蜘蛛的风险     

Mechanisms conferring resistance of Western flower thrips to bendiocarb

Mechanisms associated with bendiocarb resistance were examined in two strains of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), that differed in their susceptibility to this carbamate by 13.6-fold. No appreciable differences between the two strains in [¹⁴C] bendiocarb penetration and excretion were detected; however, bendiocarb was metabolised substantially faster by the resistant KCM thrips than by the more susceptible UMC thrips. No appreciable difference between the two strains was found in the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase activity to inhibition by bendiocarb. It was concluded that bendiocarb resistance in KCM western flower thrips was due to enhanced metabolism that probably was mainly oxidative in nature.     

2007年我国部分麦区小麦白粉菌对三唑酮的抗药性监测

采用拌种离体叶段法测定了我国9个省（市）的112个小麦白粉菌株对三唑酮的抗性。结果表明,供试菌株的平均EC50为57.25mg/L,平均抗性水平为27.39倍,其中86.61%供试菌株已经产生抗性,抗药性比敏感菌株高出10~40倍的菌株占47.32%,四川、山东、甘肃和贵州等地菌株的抗性高于其他地区。此结果可为三唑类杀菌剂在我国的推广应用和制定合理的抗药性治理措施提供依据。     

枯草芽胞杆菌BS501a复合诱变菌株及抗菌谱研究

［目的］ 通过复合诱变进一步提高枯草芽胞杆菌BS501a的生防效果。［方法］ 以BS501a为出发菌株,采用N+离子注入和60Coγ射线照射进行复合诱变。［结果］ 获得了5株拮抗活性提高的突变菌株。传代稳定性试验表明BSC45菌株经5次传代后拮抗稳定性仍保持在88.3%。该突变株各代与稻瘟病菌对峙培养拮抗带宽平均为7.5 mm,比出发菌株BS501a与稻瘟病菌对峙培养拮抗带宽6.05 mm提高了24%。采用对峙培养试验研究BSC45抗菌谱,发现BSC45仍保留了广谱拮抗活性。［结论］ 枯草芽胞杆菌突变株BSC45对多种真菌有抗菌作用,是一株很有潜力的生防菌株。     

生物安全三级实验室生物安全风险点的识别与控制?

BSL-3实验室须经国家生物安全认可和严格的实验活动审批才能开展相应活动,是国家(地区)开展高致病性病原微生物实验活动的重要技术支撑平台。实验室生物安全风险点易发生在样本及菌毒种的接收、传递和保存,动物实验,污水以及固体废弃物处理等环节,而实验室的意外事件(电力故障、火灾、积水等)与生物安保漏洞也会造成重大的生物安全事故。提示应准确地识别风险并通过人员日常监管、标准操作规程、两级屏障设施和个人防护装备等系列措施对生物安全风险点予以严格控制。     

转基因植物对蜂类昆虫安全性

随着转基因植物的大规模商业化种植,其对蜂类等有益昆虫的影响成为研究转基因生物风险评估的主要内容。一方面蜜蜂等蜂类取食植物花粉,有可能直接接触到杀虫蛋白,产生毒性效应;另一方面转基因植物的性状、营养成分等可能发生变化,对蜜蜂的行为可能产生潜在影响。本文综述了目前转基因植物对蜂类昆虫安全性研究进展,并提出克服转基因植物对非靶标生物可能的负面效应的治理对策,以期对转基因植物生物安全性的研究提供科学依据。     

干旱胁迫下抑制光呼吸对‘赤霞珠’葡萄光抑制的影响

选用葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)品种‘赤霞珠’(Cabernet Sauvignon)的2年生盆栽苗，进行不同程度的干旱处理20d及随后连续3d的光呼吸抑制剂异烟肼(INH)处理后，测定其PSII最大光化学量子产量(Fv／Fm)、实际光化学效率(ФPSII)及净光合速率(Pn)，并计算其总光合电子传递(Jr)、羧化电子传递(Jc)、加氧电子传递(Jo)及光呼吸速率(Pr)，发现赤霞珠葡萄在干旱胁迫下能够有效调动其光保护机制以避免严重光抑制的发生，而INH抑制光呼吸后，光抑制程度则明显加重，从而证明干旱胁迫下光呼吸对赤霞珠葡萄的光保护机制起重要作用。