番茄果实色泽和色素含量的遗传特征

番茄的颜色和色素含量是决定果实品质的两个重要特性。在本研究中,使用绿色和紫色番茄植株分别作为母本和父本,分别产生了6个遗传群体,即P1、P2、F1、BC1、BC2和F2。通过数量性状的多代联合分析研究果实颜色和色素含量的遗传规律。结果表明,绿色和紫色果之间的果实颜色的最佳遗传模型为MX1-AD-ADI。BC1、BC2和F2代色度值的主基因遗传率分别为82%、59%和77%,多基因遗传率分别为8%、10%和13%。番茄红素含量的遗传符合MX2-ADI-AD模型,BC1、BC2和F2的主基因遗传率分别为64%、74%和93%,而多基因的遗传率分别为20%、0%和0%。叶绿素的遗传模型为MX1-AD-ADI,BC1、BC2和F2的主基因遗传率分别为59%、74%和59%,多基因的遗传率均为0%。胡萝卜素的遗传符合MX2-ADI-ADI模型,BC1、BC2和F2的主基因遗传率分别为76%、4%/5%和54%,而多基因的遗传率分别为0%、0%和13%。     

FAM3C activates Akt to promote viability of oral squamous-cell carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the expression and roles of family with sequence similarity 3, member C (FAM3C) in oral squamous-cell carcinoma cells. METHODS: The mRNA and protein expression levels of FAM3C in dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) and oral squamous-cell carcinoma WSU-HN6 cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The WSU-HN6 cells were treated with siFAM3C or FAM3C antibody. After 24, 48 and 72 h, the viability of WSU-HN6 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay, and the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) was detected by Western blot. Adenovirus was used to mediate over-expression of FAM3C in the DOK cells. The DOK cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay after adenovirus infection for 24, 48 and 72 h, and the activation of Akt was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the DOK cells, the mRNA and protein levels of FAM3C were significantly increased in the WSU-HN6 cells (P<0.05). The viability of WSU-HN6 cells transfected with siFAM3C was significantly inhibited at 48 h and 72 h (P<0.05). siFAM3C treatment inhibited the activation of Akt (P<0.05). FAM3C antibody treatment also suppressed the viability of the WSU-HN6 cells at 48 h and 72 h and the activation of Akt (P<0.05). Over-expression of FAM3C in the DOK cells promoted the cell viability at 48 h and 72 h and activated Akt (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: FAM3C might promote oral squamous-cell carcinoma cell growth by activating Akt.     

龙眼GA信号受体基因LonGID1的功能初步分析

龙眼LonGID1基因编码赤霉素(gibberellin, GA)受体,是赤霉素信号途径中一个非常关键的调节基因。本研究的主要目的是探讨龙眼GA信号受体基因LonGID1的功能初步分析。通过将克隆得到的龙眼LonGID1基因转入拟南芥Atgid1b/c缺失突变,野生型植株中,观察其表型变化及GA信号途径中上下游基因的变化。结果表明:(1) Atgid1b/c缺失突变株系种子萌发率明显低于哥伦比亚野生型株系(columbia, Col-0);Atgid1 b/c×35S::LonGID1缺失突变恢复株系种子萌发率与Atgid1b/c缺失突变株系相比明显提高。10 nmol/L的GA处理可以提高4个拟南芥株系的萌发率,但是GA处理Atgid1b/c缺失突变株系种子萌发率仍然明显低于其他株系。5 nmol/L多效唑(Paclobutrazol, PAC)处理显著降低4个拟南芥株系的萌发率。(2) Atgid1b/c缺失突变株系花苞发育的时间比Atgid1 b/c×35S::LonGID1缺失突变恢复株系推迟约13～14 d。Atgid1 b/c×35S::LonGID1缺失突变恢复株系花苞发育的时间与Col-0野生型株系相比提前约5～6 d,35S::LonGID1超表达株系花苞发育的时间与Col-0野生型株系相比提前4～5 d。10 nmol/L的GA处理,35S::LonGID1超表达植株的花苞发育时间与Col-0野生型相比提前了5～6 d,Atgid1 b/c×35S::LonGID1缺失突变恢复株系的花苞发育时间与Atgid1b/c缺失突变株系相比提前了5～6 d。5 nmol/L的PAC处理使各株系花苞发育时间推迟。(3)GA处理Col-0野生型株系,AtGA4、AtSOC1、AtLFY、AtFT、AtGID1和AtGAI的表达变化明显;这种表达变化会因为GA受体基因Atgid1b/c的缺失而降低,而龙眼的LonGID1基因可以弥补拟南芥GA受体基因Atgid1b/c的缺失而引起的GA作用效果的降低。龙眼LonGID1基因功能的分析,对于我们了解龙眼GA信号传导途径具有积极的意义,也有助于我们更好的利用GA来调控龙眼的生长发育过程,为在生产上指导农户合理利用GA提供理论基础。     

矮化富士苹果树冠不同部位果实品质分析

以矮化富士苹果树为试材,采集不同树冠方位果实,对品质进行测定及分析。研究了苹果矮化栽培模式对不同树冠方位果实品质的影响。以期明确矮化苹果不同树冠方位果实品质性状差异,为进一步改造老果园及优化树体结构提供参考依据。结果表明:外在及内在品质中上部优于下部,东南部优于西北部;大量及微量元素中下部优于上部,水平方向无明显规律。     

基于词袋特征的空心村高分影像建筑物解译模型

如何利用高分影像构建自动解译模型是快速高效获取空心村建筑物的关键,对空心村调查研究具有重要意义。针对传统目视解译需要专业知识,效率低、工作量大的问题,提出一种基于词袋特征的空心村高分影像建筑物解译模型。首先,对比了多种影像特征提取方法;然后,选取词袋特征(Bo W)和支持向量机(SVM)构建建筑物自动解译模型;最后,为检验方法的有效性,选取空心村高分影像构建了建筑物样本库,并基于该样本库进行实验研究。结果表明本文方法的分类准确度可以达到0.86,所提方法可用于空心村内建筑物自动解译,具有较高的实用价值。     

江汉平原中山杉引种造林试验研究

通过在江汉平原开展中山杉6个品系的引种造林试验。结果表明,引进的6个品系中山杉无严重病虫害发生,各生长指标均大于池杉,11 a生中山杉平均胸径为17.61 cm、树高为11.06 m、材积为0.1297 m^3,表明中山杉在江汉平原的引种试验基本成功,其中中山杉502和中山杉118最为突出,适合在江汉平原推广造林,丰富江汉平原造林树种。     

不同坡位条件对毛乌素沙地长柄扁桃林地土壤水分的影响

[目的]揭示半干旱区固定沙丘不同坡位条件下土壤水分空间变化规律,为固定沙丘土壤水分合理利用提供决策依据。[方法]在毛乌素沙漠东南缘陕西省神木市生态协会毛乌素治沙造林基地,以固定沙丘12 a龄人工长柄扁桃林地为研究对象,建立土壤水分定位观测小区,使用CNC503DR型中子仪对2018年7—10月0—300 cm土层土壤水分进行测定,并分析不同坡位条件下长柄扁桃林地生长季土壤水分时空变化特征。[结果](1)坡顶与坡上0—300 cm土壤剖面含水量随土层深度的增加呈先增加后减小,之后趋于稳定的变化趋势,而坡中(上、下)与坡底表现为类似S形的变化规律,土壤含水量表现为:坡底坡中(上)坡上≥坡顶坡中(下);(2)坡底土壤含水量表现出强变异性,其他4种坡位条件下为中等变异;(3)不同坡位条件下蒸散发表现为:坡底坡顶坡中(下)坡上坡中(上),坡上属强变异,而坡底则表现出中等变异且变异系数最小。[结论]不同坡位条件对固定沙丘土壤水分及蒸散耗水具有重要影响,坡底土壤含水量及蒸散发量均最大,且具有较强的不稳定性。     

饲料添加怀山药对鲤生长、肠屏障及肠道菌群的影响

为研究饲料添加怀山药对鲤生长、肠屏障及肠道菌群的影响,本试验在基础饲粮中分别添加0（对照）、1%和2%的怀山药,选择健康状况良好的180尾鲤[（75.25±1.45） g],随机分为3组,每组3个重复。饲养8周后检测其生长性能、肠道酶活性、肠组织形态、肠道防御屏障相关基因表达以及肠道内容物短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）含量和肠道菌群的变化。结果显示：1）与对照组相比,添加怀山药对鲤生长性能无显著影响（P>0.05）,但可以增加肠微绒毛密度和完整性,增加杯状细胞数量、肠道黏膜褶皱数量和肠绒毛高度,从而改善鲤肠道组织结构,提高吸收表面积。2）与对照组相比,怀山药组肠道组织过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性增强（P>0.05）,白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)基因相对表达量显著升高（P<0.05）,转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、闭合蛋白（Occludin）、紧密连接蛋白-1(ZO-1)和Toll样受体4(TLR4)基因相对表达量也显著上调（P<0.05）。3）肠道菌群高通量测序结果表明,在门水平上,梭杆菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门是鲤肠道的优势类群。与对照组相比...     

Dynamic Changes in the Calcium Content of Several Apple Cultivars During the Growing Season

Dynamic changes in calcium content were investigated in eight apple cultivars. The results showed that the calcium concentration in leaves and shoots increased with fruit development. The cultivars displayed only a small difference in the calcium concentration during the early stage of development, the difference became very significant at the late stage of development, especially in shoots. In shoots, for example, calcium content was highest in Starkrimson （19 638.6 mg kg^-1） and lowest in Fuji （8 751.3 mg kg^-1）. Calcium concentration was highest in young fruits and was found to decrease with the growth of fruit, and was characterized by a dramatic drop at the rapid expansion stage. There was a significant difference among cultivars. Young Starkrimson fruits contained the highest calcium concentration of 506.52 mg kg^-1 among cultivars tested, followed by Pink Lady and Fuji. The calcium concentration in mature fruits from high to low is as follows： Starkrimson, Sansa, Pink Lady, Senshu, Gala, Fuji, Red General and New Century. In this study, it was found that eight cultivars continuously assimilated calcium during the whole growing season, especially at the young stage when fruit took up 35-46% of total calcium. The calcium content in fruitlets was low in all cultivars; in the expansion stage, there was rapid absorption of about 30% of total calcium, whereas in the ripening fruit, content of calcium was reduced. The calcium accumulation increased with fruit growth in stalk, similar to that in fruit.     

酸马奶中酵母菌5.8 S rDNA及ITS的基因序列分析

实验将两株从酸马奶中分离提纯的酵母菌,提取单菌株基因组DNA,用一对真菌通用引物ITS1和ITS4 PCR 扩增它们的5.8S rRNA和ITS基因,连接入pMD19-T载体,克隆鉴定后,测定序列,将测得的序列与GenBank数据库的序列进行同源性分析,并建立系统进化树.结合系统发育树及5.8 S rDNA和ITS的序列分析结果,将菌株J14和S33判定为Kluyveromyces marxianus(马克斯克鲁维酵母).酸马奶中传统的酵母菌分类主要依靠形态学和生理生化等鉴定方法,实验首次利用5.8S rRNA和ITS基因扩增和测序的分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定.