蝴蝶兰不同品种表型性状遗传多样性分析

以72份蝴蝶兰品种为研究对象,对其叶片、花梗和花器官相关的34个表型性状进行测定与评价,通过表型多样性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析等方法,探讨其种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性。结果表明：72份蝴蝶兰品种的绝大多数性状呈现变异丰富、类型多样的特性,数量性状遗传多样性变异范围为16.39%～157.36%,质量性状Shannon−Wiener多样性指数范围为0.38～1.32,其中叶片的数量性状变异程度较低,但其质量性状的多样性水平较高;R型聚类分析将34个性状分为3个大类,第I类群包含了花部和叶部性状,表明花与叶的表型联系较紧密,第II类群和第III类群包含花序长、最长叶长、植株大小和花序梗长,表明这4个表型性状呈独自进化关系; Q型聚类分析将72份蝴蝶兰种质资源分为4大类,其中第II类可细分为7个亚类群,II−1、II−2亚类群可作为大花和中花育种的亲本,II−3、II−4、II−5和II−7亚类群可作为小花育种的亲本,II−4亚类群可作为香花育种的亲本,同时蝴蝶兰‘JB5342’‘JB5184’‘JB5541’‘JB3697’‘安娜’和‘JB5725’等品种与多数供试蝴蝶兰品种遗传距离较远,可作为重要亲本参考。主成分分析表明,花宽、花瓣长、花瓣宽、萼片长、花长和萼片宽的特征向量绝对值较高,是造成蝴蝶兰表型变异的主要因素。     

Dietary histidine requirement of fingerling Catla Catla (Hamilton) based on growth,protein gain,histidine gain,RNA/DNA ratio,haematological indices and carcass composition

To investigate the histidine requirement of fingerling Catla catla (3.65 ± 0.15 cm; 0.65 ± 0.36 g), six casein‐gelatin based diets (33% CP; 13.58 kJ g^?1 DE) containing graded levels of L‐histidine (0.25%, 0.39%, 0.53%, 0.67%, 0.83%, 0.96% of the dry diet) were fed near to satiation thrice a day for 12 weeks. Maximum absolute weight gain (AWG; 8.63 g fish^?1), protein gain (PG; 1.45 g fish^?1), histidine gain (HG, 48.19 mg fish^?1), RNA/DNA ratio (4.15), best feed conversion ratio (FCR; 1.31), highest haemoglobin (Hb, 9.61 g dL^?1), RBCs (2.84 × 10⁶ mm^?3) and haematocrit (Ht, 30.12%) were recorded in fish fed diet containing 0.67% histidine. However, broken‐line regression analysis of AWG, PG, HG, RNA/DNA ratio, FCR, Hb, Ht and RBCs against dietary histidine reflected the histidine requirement at 0.65%, 0.64%, 0.63%, 0.68%, 0.63%, 0.66%, 0.68% and 0.65% dry diet respectively. Carcass protein was found to improve significantly (P < 0.05) from 13.36% to 16.42% with the increase in dietary histidine from 0.25% to 0.67%. Based on regression analysis of AWG, PG, HG, RNA/DNA ratio, FCR, Hb, Ht and RBCs, it is recommended that the diet for fingerling catla should contain histidine in the range of 0.63–0.68% dry diet, equivalent to 1.91–2.06% of the dietary protein for optimum growth, feed utilization, blood profile and carcass composition.     

Evaluation of haemodynamic changes of uterine arteries using Doppler ultrasonography during different stages of pregnancy in Bos indicus cows

The objectives of the study were to evaluate haemodynamic changes and their relationships among ipsilateral (IPS) and contralateral (CONT) uterine arteries (UA) during different stages of pregnancy in Bos indicus cows. Multiparous pregnant cows (n = 40) having a gestation length 30.47 ± 0.54 (mean ± SD) days were randomly enrolled and subjected to Doppler ultrasonography sequentially at 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th months of gestation. Blood flow indices including diameter of UA (mm), blood flow volume (BFVo, ml/min), blood flow velocity (BFVe, cm/s), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV, cm/s), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were recorded. Data were analysed with mixed models using the PROC MIXED procedures, and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated using the PROC CORR statement in SAS. The final statistical models included the fixed effects of side of UA, gestation month and the interaction between side of UA and gestation month. Results revealed that the mean diameter of the UA (12.13 ± 0.22 vs. 10.09 ± 0.22), BFVo (1236.33 ± 0.55 vs. 770.41 ± 0.55), BFVe (17.18 ± 0.42 vs. 15.58 ± 0.42) and TAMV (17.11 ± 0.44 vs. 15.77 ± 0.44) was higher (p < .05) in IPS as compared to CONT side of the UA in cows. However, PI and RI did not differ between IPS and CON arteries of uterus in cows. A very high and positive correlation (r = .89; p < .05) existed between the diameter of UA and BFVo starting from 1st to 8th months of gestation in IPS as well as CONT sides of UA. Moreover, TAMV was highly and positively correlated (r = .91; p < .05) with BFVe throughout the gestation. In conclusion, these haemodynamic changes in the UA could be used as a valuable validity tool to differentiate the compromised pregnancy in Bos indicus cows.     

大米储藏保鲜技术现状及研究进展

在简要介绍大米储藏过程中品质下降机理及其影响因子的基础上,重点比较分析了大米的常用储藏方法（包括：常温储藏、低温储藏、气调储藏、化学储藏）和保鲜包装新技术（如：60Co和电子加速器辐照保鲜、纳米保鲜膜保鲜技术、生物源保鲜剂保鲜技术、微波处理技术等）,并结合大米储藏的发展趋势,提出了大米储藏保鲜技术的研究方向。     

大豆高产优质施肥研究与应用

本文概述了大豆营养特性与施肥的研究结果，提出了高产施肥的关键技术。大豆营养特性：一是对主要营养元素的吸收量较稻、麦作物高（等量籽粒产量），生产100kg大豆约吸收6.5~8.5kg N，1.8~2.8kg P2O5，2.7~3.7kg K2O，3.5~4.8kg CaO，1.8~2.9kg MgO，4.5~9.5g Zn。二是对主要营养元素的吸收积累高峰在花荚期，N、P、K的60~70%在在此期吸收，而不同于稻麦等作物。三是总氮源的40~60%来源共生固氮，而共生固氮又受土壤N、P、K、Ca、Mo、Zn等及土壤PH值影响。四是大豆成熟阶段营养器官的养分向籽粒转移率高，Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ分别达58~77%，60~75%，45~75%。大豆施用N、P、K、Zn、Mo、B肥均显著提提高产量，合理配合施用可达到180~300kg/亩。N、P提高籽粒蛋白质含量，K与Zn提高脂肪含量，P、K、Zn、Mo及少量N肥可提高结瘤固氮率。N、P、K和多种微肥可减轻东北连作大豆的不利因子危害，大幅度增加产量。大豆高产施肥，一是根据土壤、植株养分含量确定施肥数量，二是有机肥与N、P、K肥及多种微肥配合施用，三是注重前茬作物施肥，增肥土壤，四是根据土壤条件、耕作制度、大豆品种特性确定施肥数量、方法、时期。中等肥力高产施肥一般应施用N 8，P2O5 4，K2O 4，ZnSo4 1.5(kg/亩)，钼酸铵20~30g/亩，P、K、Zn用作底或种肥，N肥钼肥种肥花期追肥各半，另于花荚期喷施P、N、Mo肥二次     

Effects of dietary oregano and garlic essential oils on carcass characteristics,meat composition,colour, pH and sensory quality of broiler meat

1. An experiment was conducted to determine the individual and combined effects of two essential oils, oregano and garlic, on carcass characteristics, meat composition, colour, pH and sensory quality of broiler meat.

2. The diets were supplemented with no essential oil (control), oregano essential oil or garlic essential oil at 300 mg/kg and oregano essential oil at 150 mg/kg + garlic essential oil at 150 mg/kg.

3. Dietary oregano and garlic oil supplementation did not affect carcass yields, the relative weight of carcass parts, breast and thigh meat composition, pH or b* value of breast meat. Oregano + garlic oil supplementation significantly decreased the L* value. The a* value of breast meat in birds given a diet supplemented with oregano oil was lower than that in birds given a diet supplemented with garlic oil and oregano oil + garlic oil. The essential oil addition had no positive effect on the oxidative stability. There was no difference between the treatments in breast appearance.

4. The juiciness, flavour, oxidised flavour and acceptability of breast meat samples were affected by treatments.     

加查县产业化潜力分析与开发途径

本文全面分析了加查县生态及自然、社会等资源要素,就生产要素的合理配置、布局及区域经济发展作了全面探讨,由此,提出了以发展核桃为主导产业的可能性和必要性,找出了一条21世纪本区域内脱贫致富奔小康必由之路,对发展加查县经济有一定的指导意义和经济价值.     

基于空间自相关的人均粮食占有量空间差异研究

运用空间自相关分析方法并结合GIS技术,对我国1980-2008年间的人均粮食占有量空间差异进行分析,以揭示我国粮食空间分布的差异、特征及变化.研究结果表明:研究期内,我国人均粮食占有量总体上呈上升趋势,各省份变化幅度各异;人均粮食占有量的Moran'sⅠ指数平均值为0.31,表明存在较强的空间集聚格局;Moran散点图反应出位于HH与LL象限的区域数量多于HL与LL象限数量,表明人均粮食占有量局部空间集聚效果显著;LISA集聚图显示,部分区域集聚特征发生变化.     

燕麦在西藏畜牧业生产中的地位与作用

本文分析了燕麦在畜牧业生产中的地位和存在的主要问题,提出了发展燕麦生产的主要措施.     

2013—2016年上海市项目核心示范猪场主要疫病的免疫抗体监测

为评估上海市部分规模猪场的免疫抗体水平,更好地指导生产实践,对9个项目核心示范猪场2013—2016年间1 606份血清样品进行口蹄疫、猪瘟和高致病性猪蓝耳病等3种主要疫病的免疫抗体检测,并对不同规模场、不同区域、不同年份、不同采样时间点和不同阶段猪群的免疫抗体水平进行比较分析。结果显示：2013—2016年上海市部分规模猪场O型口蹄疫免疫抗体平均合格率为85.13%（95% CI：83.39%~86.87%）,猪瘟免疫抗体平均合格率为84.65%（95% CI：82.89%~86.41%）,高致病性猪蓝耳病免疫抗体平均合格率为95.77%（95% CI：94.79%~96.75%）;不同地区、不同年份间的部分疫病抗体合格率存在差异;9个核心示范猪场3种主要疫病免疫抗体水平呈现逐年上升趋势;不同采样时间点的O型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率差异极显著,其他疫病不显著;生产母猪的免疫抗体水平优于商品肉猪。检测结果显示,通过持续跟踪监测、不断优化免疫程序、调整疫苗种类,上海市规模猪场的主要疫病得到了良好的控制。