柴河流域典型景观类型土壤氮磷含量的空间变异特征

为了从流域尺度了解柴河流域土壤氮、磷含量的空间变异特征,在柴河流域选择6个景观类型,并根据每个景观类型内不同土地利用方式及景观位置,共进行了72个样点的表层土壤采集,并对土壤有机质、氮、磷含量进行了测定。结果表明,磷素主要以磷矿区及富磷区林地区域含量较高,其中磷矿区土壤全磷含量平均高达20 g/kg,富磷区林地有效磷含量平均为3 687.7 mg/kg;而氮素则表现为沟渠和柴河河道底泥的含量较高,柴河底泥中全氮及碱解氮含量高达2.99 g/kg和631.8 mg/kg。相同景观类型下不同土地利用方式土壤氮磷含量在富磷区、坡耕地及坝平地均表现出较高的差异。嵌套方差分析表明景观类型及土地利用方式或所处的景观位置对土壤有机质及氮磷含量均具有显著的影响。以上结果表明柴河流域内土壤养分含量空间变异程度较高,不同景观类型和土地利用方式共同决定了土壤氮磷含量的变异。因此,在面源污染输移风险评估及防控时应同时结合景观类型及土地利用类型进行分析,并在此基础上探讨主要影响因素。     

重庆植烟土壤改良及其对烤烟产质量的影响

为减轻重庆烟区植烟土壤酸化、烟株发病率高的情况,改善烤烟产质量,探讨了生物炭、土壤调理剂及其与黑胫康、青枯消配合施用对烤后烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明,单独施用生物炭能够降低烟株的总体发病率,改善烤烟化学成分的协调性,但对烤烟的产量、产值、评吸质量有降低作用;将生物炭与黑胫康、青枯消混合施用,能有效提高烤后烟叶产量、产值,降低烟株发病率,改善烤烟化学成分的协调性,提高烤后烟叶评吸质量;单独施用土壤调理剂对烤烟经济学性状影响不显著,且降低烤烟评吸质量,但能降低烟株发病率、改善烤烟化学成分的协调性;将土壤调理剂与黑胫康、青枯消配施对烤烟经济学性状、烟株发病率、烤烟化学成分协调性的总体效果不如单独施用土壤调理剂处理,但能改善烤后烟叶评吸质量。综合分析,生物炭与青枯消、黒胫康配施能够有效提高烤后烟叶产质量。     

Isolation of a rice gene homologous to the human putative tumor suppressor gene QM

QM gene was originally isolated from human by Dowdy et al during a search for a wilms′ tumor suppressor gene. Researches of QM gene focused mainly on animals and yeasts, little was known about plant QM gene. For better understanding of QM gene in rice, a QM homologous fragment was used as a probe to screen rice (Oryza sativa subsp. indica c.v. Guanglu′ ai 4) genomic DNA library,and two clones were obtained. One of them, OSQM2, encoded a highly basic protein of 184 amino acids, the sequence was about 3.1 kb long with a very special promoter region compared with other known QM genes. Seven potential G boxes could be found between -690 and -230. G box, which contains a ACGT core motif, had been reported in many plants to act as a cis acting DNA element in the regulation of genes in a variety of environmental conditions, such as ABA regulated gene expression, red light, UV light, anaerobiosis, and wounding etc. Two closely linked DRE related motifs (dehydration responsive element) could also be found between -182 and 173, which had a CCGAC conserved sequence and had been identified in many cold and drought responsive genes in Arabidopsis. Six MYC recognition sequences with the conserved motif NCANNTGN were also presented, which might be essential for ABA and drought responsive expression of the plant genes.     

基于改进YOLOv8模型的轻量化板栗果实识别方法

为实现自然环境下的板栗果实目标快速识别，该研究以湖北省种植板栗为研究对象，提出了一种基于改进YOLOv8模型的栗果识别方法YOLOv8-PBi。首先，将部分卷积（partial convolution，PConv）引入C2f模块中，缩减卷积过程中的浮点数和计算量；其次，引入加权双向特征金字塔网络（bidirectional feature pyramid network，BiFPN），增强多尺度特征融合性能，最后，更改边界框损失函数为动态非单调聚焦机制WIoU（wise intersection over union，WIoU），提高模型收敛速度，进一步提升模型检测性能。试验结果表明，改进YOLOv8-PBi模型准确率、召回率和平均精度分别为89.4%、74.9%、84.2%；相比原始基础网络YOLOv8s，模型权重减小46.22%，准确率、召回率和平均精度分别提升1.3、1.5、1.8个百分点。部署模型至边缘嵌入式设备上，经过TensorRT加速后，检测帧率达到43 帧/s。该方法可为板栗智能化收获过程中的栗果识别提供技术基础。     

CRISPR/Cas System and Its Application in the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-related protein (Cas) system is a heritable prokaryotic adaptive immune system against invading nucleic acids. It is an editing tool for many organisms that can generate highly specific gene double-strand breaks and repair them by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Due to the complexity of its genetic manipulation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome research has many difficulties. Therefore, the emergence of the CRISPR/Cas system has a milestone significance for the research of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this review, we focus on the application of the CRISPR/Cas system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and summarizes the present research progress in order to provide a reference for the selection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis research methods.     

高职高专财务会计专业实践教学体系改革探讨

文章主要探讨如何加强高职高专财务会计专业实践性教学环节改革,寻求有效的实践性教学模式,从而培养出具有熟练会计核算能力、能利用会计资料和会计软件进行会计监督,参与企业经营管理预测和决策能力的应用型高级会计专门人才。     

银中杨DREB基因的克隆及表达

【目的】克隆银中杨抗逆转录因子DREB基因,为其功能的深入研究奠定基础。【方法】根据DREB AP2/EREBP保守区设计1对简并引物,采用PCR方法对银中杨（Populus albaxp）转录因子DREB基因中间片段进行克隆;再利用反向PCR方法对该基因的旁侧序列进行克隆,最终将两侧序列与中间片段拼接得到基因全长;同时,根据基因序-列设计1对特异引物,利用荧光定量PCR分析银中杨DREB基因在不同逆境胁迫中的表达情况。【结果】成功地从银中杨中克隆到1个DREB基因,命名为PaDREB（注册号：EF582843）。该基因序列长935 bp,ORF为819 bp,编码272个氨基酸;同源性比较与系统发育分析证实,银中杨DREB属于DREB转录因子家族,并与月季DREB2C具有较高的同源性;荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,盐、低温、干旱及ABA均能诱导DREB基因的表达。【结论】首次从银中杨中分离并克隆了DREB基因,并证实其参与了银中杨对盐、低温、干旱及ABA的应答。     

镉胁迫对三种花卉种子萌发的影响

采用浓度分别为0、2、4、8、16、32、64 mg/L的镉溶液对3种花卉(大牵牛花、茶花凤仙、五彩香茉莉)种子进行胁迫处理,测定镉胁迫对花卉种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数等发芽指标的影响。结果表明,在镉胁迫处理下,3种花卉的种子发芽指标都随着镉溶液浓度的增加呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,其中浓度为8 mg/L的镉溶液能促进茶花凤仙和五彩香茉莉种子的萌发,而浓度为16 mg/L的镉溶液能促进大牵牛花种子的萌发。不同浓度的镉溶液胁迫对大牵牛花种子的影响较小,说明大牵牛花种子在萌发阶段的抗镉胁迫能力较强。     

陕甘山桃对根癌病的抗性评价

为评价陕甘山桃(Prunus davidiana var.potaninii Rehd)对根癌病的抗性,以实生钵苗为试材,采用人工接种的方法研究了其对根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens Conn)和发根土壤杆菌(A.rhizogenes Conn)的抗性。结果表明:接种后60d,接种根癌土壤杆菌的陕甘山桃的株最大瘤径范围为0～10.1mm,平均瘤径2.7mm,接种发根土壤杆菌的株最大瘤径范围为0～11.6mm,平均瘤径3.0mm,根据抗性评价标准判定陕甘山桃群体高抗根癌土壤杆菌和高抗发根土壤杆菌。但陕甘山桃对根癌土壤杆菌和发根土壤杆菌的抗性存在广泛的的株间分离现象,均分离为免疫、高抗、中抗、低抗、感病和易感病6种类型,对根癌土壤杆菌免疫、高抗、中抗、低抗、感病和易感病型植株分别占群体总数的28%、33%、19%、13%、6%和1%,对发根土壤杆菌免疫、高抗、中抗、低抗、感病和易感病型植株分别占群体总数的16%、46%、15%、13%、8%和2%。陕甘山桃是优异的抗根癌病种质资源。