柳蛎盾蚧危害与丁香防御蛋白活力的关系

在柳蛎盾蚧的未危害期(5月末)、危害盛期(6月末)、危害弱期(7月末)、危害末期(8月末),测定高抗类[什锦丁香等7种(品种)]、中抗类[西南丁香等3种(品种)]、易感类[紫丁香等2种]、高感类(红丁香)13种(品种)丁香叶中的POD,SOD,CAT,PPO,PAL,TI和CI 7种防御蛋白的活性.结果表明:危害时期,丁香种(品种)对丁香防御蛋白活力有极显著影响(P＜0.01).POD活性,在危害盛期,在高抗、中抗类丁香中均显著升高(P＜0.05),而在易感、高感类中应激滞后,即分别在危害弱期和危害末期升高.CAT在易感类和高感类丁香防御上起主导作用,其活性在危害盛期显著升高,而中抗和高抗类未见明显变化.SOD活性,在危害盛期高抗类丁香中无显著变化,而其余3类则显著降低.PPO活性在未危害期的高低与抗性相关,在虫害盛期诱导表达的强弱也与抗性相关;PAL活性未能反映抗性品种间的差异.TI和CI活性,在未危害期的高低与其抗虫性无明显相关性,在危害盛期的升高幅度与抗虫性呈正相关.综上所述,PPO在未危害期的活力可作为筛选丁香抗虫种(品种)的指标,危害盛期POD,PPO,TI和CI活性升高的幅度与丁香抗虫性呈正相关.     

秃杉树干不同高度处直径生长规律

利用秃杉标准木的解析数据,根据分形理论和R/S分析法,探讨秃杉树干不同高度处直径的相对生长量与树干相对高度之间的生长变化规律。结果表明,树干不同高度处直径相对生长量与绝对高度之间没有相关性,但与树干相对高度之间呈极显著相关;不同高度处直径的增量生长持续强度也不同;并进一步探讨引起树干不同高度处直径生长量不同的原因。秃杉树干相对高度在0.5～0.8之间的直径相对生长量较高,生产中可在树木高生长高峰期来临前,采取各种措施促进树木高生长,从而促进树干材积生长,减小树干的尖削度。     

Substantial amounts of carbon are sequestered during dry periods in an old-growth subtropical forest in South China

A number of continuous eddy covariance measurements and long-term biomass inventories had proved that old-growth forests are carbon sinks worldwide. The present study estimated the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) for an old-growth subtropical forest at the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in South China to investigate the temporal pattern of carbon sequestration, both seasonally and annually. The measured NEP over 7 years (from 2003 to 2009) showed that this forest was a net carbon sink, ranging from 230 (in 2008) to 489 g C m^?2 year^?1 (in 2004). The greatest value of NEP was found in the driest year and the lowest value in the wettest year during the study period. Within a year, NEP during the dry season was about 81.4 % higher than for the wet season. Accordingly, the dry season at seasonal scale and dry years at interannual scale are key periods for carbon sequestration in this forest. The strong seasonality of ecosystem or soil respiration (ER or SR) compared with gross primary productivity (GPP) resulted in substantial amounts of carbon being sequestered during dry seasons. A decrease of GPP and an increase of ER or SR demonstrated the lower carbon uptake in rainy years. From this study, we conclude that GPP and living biomass carbon increment are not overriding parameters controlling NEP. The variations in ER or SR driven by the rainfall scheme were the dominant factor determining the magnitude of NEP in this forest in South China.     

林木容器育苗底部渗灌技术研究现状与展望

林业苗圃容器育苗采用上方喷灌易造成水分浪费、养分淋溶流失及环境污染。容器苗底部渗灌技术是利用育苗基质毛细管作用从容器下方吸收水分对苗木进行灌溉。该系统由储水箱、水泵、施水槽等设备形成水分封闭回流系统,可实现灌溉水循环利用,是一种有效管理容器苗水肥的方法。文中介绍了容器苗底部渗灌技术形成背景与系统组成,并从苗木质量、水肥利用效率、基质EC值和pH值以及病虫害等方面对容器苗底部渗灌系统进行评述,同时对该技术的深入研究和应用提出了展望。     

氮素形态及配比对铁核桃苗生长及营养吸收的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,以铵态氮、硝态氮和尿素[CO(NH2)2]为氮源,研究氮素形态及配比对铁核桃苗植株大小、生物量、根系形态特征和苗木元素含量及积累量的影响。结果表明:氮素形态及配比对铁核桃苗木的高度、基径、根冠比值、地上部和根系的生物量、根系形态特性、苗木中元素含量及积累量有明显的影响。以50%NH+4-N+50%NO-3-N为氮源的苗高、基径、根冠比值、整株及地上部和根系的生物量、根系的总表面积及平均直径、根尖数、苗木中元素含量及积累量都最大;单一供应CO(NH2)2的苗木根系总长度和总体积最大,苗木整株和地上部及根系的生物量、苗木中的元素含量及积累量仅低于50%NH+4-N+50%NO-3-N的处理;单一供应NO-3-N的苗木矮小,整株、地上部及根系的生物量和根系的形态及生长指标都最低,各种元素的含量及积累量也最少;单一供应NH+4-N时,在夏季叶片出现大量灼烧状坏死,其症状随NH+4-N的比例增加而加重,苗木也纤细,组织不充实,须根短,坏死较多,植株的生物量和根冠比及根系总长度、表面积、体积、平均直径和根尖数都较小,营养元素的积累量也较低。铁核桃对NH+4-N或NO-3-N没有明显的偏好。在NH+4-N与NO-3-N的比例各占50%时能够更好地促进铁核桃苗木的生长及营养的吸收,尿素也有较好的效果。     

Nondestructive determination of paper properties of Populus × euramericana with near infrared spectroscopy

Five Populus x euramericana wood samples representing three different sites were selected and nearinfrared （NIR） spectra were obtained. For these sections, basis weight, brightness and three mechanical properties （tensile index, tearing index and bursting index） were determined by standard analytical methods. Calibrations were developed for each paper property using the NIR spectra, data on paper properties, using partial least squares （PLS） regression. The results show that the coefficients of correlation of calibration and validation for basis weight were 0.8824 and 0.8299, respectively; the standard error of calibration （SEC） and prediction （SEP） were 1.150 and 1.170, respectively. In testing for brightness, the correlation coefficient of calibration was 0.9621 and for validation 0.9612, while the SEC and SEP were 0.997 and 1.300, respectively; paper brightness and NIR spectroscopy were highly correlated. NIR spectroscopy can be used to predict tensile, tearing and bursting indices of paper samples rapidly. We found that the paper properties fitted by NIR and GB methods were highly correlated. The coefficients of correlation of calibration and validation for basis weight exceeded 0.8000, while the SEC and SEP were very small. These results reveal that the five paper properties of Populus x euramericana and those predicted by the NIR model were highly correlated. We conclude that the NIR models can be used for the prediction of paper properties.     

Recent spread and climatic ecological niche of the invasive guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta, in mainland China

The guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) (Diptera:Tephritidae), is a harmful exotic insect pest in mainland China, which was first recorded in Yuanjiang County of Yunnan province in 1982. In order to elucidate its rate of spread, extensive field surveys were conducted during 2003–2011. Through 2011, B. correcta was found in areas below 1,500 m in altitude within the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region of southwestern China (21–28°N latitude, 97–107°E longitude). The northernmost site where B. correcta was found was in Miyi County (26.48°N Latitude, 102.00°E longitude, Alt. 1,060 m) in Sichuan province. Within the currently infested area of mainland China, B. correcta mainly occurred in low-altitude valleys and basins, and displayed a patchy distribution. The mountain chains tend to run south to north, forming a natural barrier to insect flight eastward and westward. Human-assisted transport of infested fruits was the likely factor by which B. correcta moved across mountain chains. The analysis indicated that high-altitude portions of the northern Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region may block B. correcta spread northward.     

武陵源世界自然遗产地旅游生态足迹分析

生态足迹概念由加拿大生态经济学家William Rees于1992年首先提出(Rees,1992).1996年,Wackernagel从生态学的角度提出了具体的分析方法——生态足迹分析法(Wackernagel et al.,1996),进一步完善了William Rees的生态足迹.生态足迹概念及分析法提出后即受到环境学家和经济学家的高度重视.     

广州市公园滨水植物及其景观应用

以广州市16个城市公园中的滨水绿地为主要研究对象,对滨水植物种类、出现频率、配置方式和生境特点等进行调查分析。共记录了广州公园滨水园林植物372种,分属107科264属,其中,水生植物78种;将广州滨水植物景观按不同营造特点及效果划分为人工式驳岸水景、自然式驳岸水景、与建筑小品结合式水景、可亲水式水景、绿岛式水景及小型面状水景等6种配置方式,并分析了这些配置模式常用的植物及其配置特点;分析了广州市公园滨水绿地植物应用中存在的问题,并提出促进优良滨水植物在城市公园景观应用的建议。     

刺五加鲨烯合酶基因的表达及其对皂苷含量的影响

为了了解刺五加鲨烯合酶基因(squalene synthase,SS)的表达特点及其对刺五加中皂苷含量的影响情况,以GAPDH基因为内参照基因,采用实时定量PCR技术,分析了SS基因在刺五加不同生长发育时期不同器官中的表达量及茉莉酸甲酯对其表达的影响情况;还利用SPSS 17.0软件分析了SS基因的表达量与刺五加中皂苷总含量的相关性。结果表明,在刺五加的整个生长期中,SS基因的表达量呈现出"低—高—低—高—低"的变化趋势:萌芽期(4月26日)该基因的表达量最低,而盛花期(6月26日)该基因的表达量最高,为萌芽期的3.11倍;SS基因在刺五加根中的表达量显著高于茎、叶和叶柄中的表达量(P<0.05),其在茎中的表达量最低,仅为根中表达量的51.88%。茉莉酸甲酯可提高SS基因的表达量,但其与对照组的差异未达到显著水平。刺五加中的皂苷总含量与SS基因的表达量间呈现出同升同降的变化趋势,存在极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。文中初步判定,鲨烯合酶是刺五加皂苷生物合成的关键酶。