内蒙古中部地区近40年来降水时空变化

内蒙古中部呼和浩特市、包头市、乌兰察布市、鄂尔多斯市、巴彦淖尔市和乌海市是半干旱区向干旱区的生态地理过渡地带。利用该区45个气象站点1961-2003年逐日降水数据,借助小波分析、地统计学分析研究了该区43年来降水量的时空变化特征。结果表明:研究区降水量年际波动大,总体呈现略微增加的趋势;降水量变化的周期性比较明显,存在3～4年、6～7年和14～15年尺度的周期。降水年内分配呈现单峰型模式。在空间上,多年平均降水量呈现由东南向西北逐渐递减的趋势,年降水变化的趋势和波动性区域差异显著。另外发现,作为重要地理分界线的200mm等降水量线空间分布在43年中处于波动之中,对草原和荒漠生态系统产生了直接影响。对该区降水时空变化的探讨,有助于理解水资源的时空分异,同时为全球变化的区域响应提供科学依据。     

长输天然气管道投产技术

介绍了目前国内外天然气管道常用的干燥方法.从天然气管道投产作业方案及现场准备、干燥、置换和升压四个方面阐述了长输天然气管道投产技术与注意事项.分析了影响干燥时间的主要因素,给出了干燥时间、燃气置换所需流量和累积气量的估算方法.     

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulates oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

AIM: To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the protection against oxidative stress in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).METHODS: The rat model of COPD was established by cigarette smoking (CS) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation. Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, CS+LPS group, CS+LPS+NaHS (H₂S donor) group and CS+LPS+PPG (DL-propargylglycine, an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase) group. After 30 days, the lung functions of the rats were measured, the histological changes of lungs were observed under light microscope and the pathological scores were calculated. The H₂S level in plasma and the protein expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) in the lung tissues were measured. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected to reflect oxidative stress.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the peak expiratory flow (PEF) decreased by 24% and intra-pressure (IP) increased by 66% in CS+LPS group. The pathological scores of the lung tissues also increased. Compared with CS+LPS group, no change in the lung function was observed after given NaHS or PPG, but the pathological scores decreased in CS+ LPS+ NaHS group. Compared with control group, the content of H₂S in plasma was increased by 26% on day 16. Compared with CS+LPS group, the content of H₂S in plasma of CS+LPS+PPG group was decreased by 22% after 30 days. Compared with control group, the protein expression of CSE increased, and no statistical difference among CS+LPS group, CS+ LPS+ NaHS group and CS+LPS+PPG group was observed. Compared with control group, MDA content in the lung tissues was increased by 24% in CS+LPS group, the activity of SOD was increased by 47% and the activity of CAT was increased by 52%. Compared with CS+LPS group, the MDA content in CS+LPS+NaHS group was decreased by 21%, and no statistical difference in the activity of SOD and CAT was observed. The activity of SOD decreased by 33% after given PPG.CONCLUSION: H₂S plays a role as anti-oxidant in the rats with COPD. The CSE/ H₂S pathway may be involved in the development of COPD.     

抗旱救灾农作制度的建立

在分析甘肃省中东部黄土高原旱作区当前干旱灾害和农业生产现状的基础上,进一步分析了干旱灾害和农业生产模式以及二者的互作效应对农田系统抵御干旱灾害能力的影响.认为抗旱减灾农作制度必须以科学轮作的作物体系、耕地质量保育和自然降水高效利用的栽培技术体系为支撑点.只有建立基于多样化的作物体系、秸秆还田、科学轮作、垄沟种植、二元覆盖和少免耕技术的农作制度,协调农田生产和生态之间的关系,才能够实现甘肃省中东部黄土高原旱作农田水土资源的可持续利用,达到抗旱救灾和农田生产力持续提高的目标.     

烧伤后心肌细胞间隙连接通讯变化的机制研究

为了探究低氧胁迫对中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞影响的分子机制,实验通过使用Nova Seq 6000测序技术,检测了低氧组 (1.5±0.5) mg/L和对照组 (6.0±0.5) mg/L分别处理24 h后的中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞的转录组数据变化。首先,对测序得到的原始数据进行拼接、注释以及筛选,分析获得的128 614个转录本和128 614条基因,平均长度为2 634 bp (N50),Q30 > 92%。其次,以1.2倍为阈值,共筛选出1 687个差异表达基因,其中上调基因899个,下调基因788个。GO和KEGG分析发现,低氧胁迫对中华绒螯蟹血细胞的三羧酸循环、糖酵解途径、ECM-受体相互作用、间隙连接、细胞凋亡、酚氧化酶系统以及其他免疫相关基因等产生了显著影响。最后,随机挑选转录组数据中的10个基因进行实时荧光定量 PCR(qRT-PCR)验证,结果显示与转录组数据分析相一致,其中包括6个上调的基因：整合素1、铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶、磷酸肌醇3激酶、磷酸甘油酸突变酶2、PDGF/VEGF相关因子1和relish;4个下调的基因：无脊椎连接蛋白7、热休克蛋白90、线粒体ATP合成酶α和天冬氨酸转氨酶。本研究初步阐明了中华绒螯蟹血淋巴细胞短时间内应对低氧胁迫的分子机制,同时该结果也可为今后研究其他甲壳动物在应对低氧胁迫时的生理机制和分子机制提供参考。     

三唑酰草胺在不同类型土壤中的降解特性

为科学评价除草剂三唑酰草胺在土壤环境中的生态风险,采用室内模拟方法,研究了三唑酰草胺在吉林黑土、江西红土和安徽水稻土中的降解特性。结果表明:三唑酰草胺在土壤中的降解符合一级动力学方程。好氧条件下三唑酰草胺在3种土壤中的降解半衰期分别为86.5、106和91.4 d;厌氧条件下半衰期分别为106、130和127 d;水稻田厌氧条件下半衰期分别为162、219和188 d。研究表明,三唑酰草胺在水稻田厌氧条件下的降解速率明显慢于其他2种试验条件下。     

不同采收时期吴茱萸果实活性成分变化研究

采用HPLC法同时精密测定江西省吴茱萸规范化种植基地的吴茱萸果实在不同采收时期果实内吴茱萸内酯、吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱3种有效成分含量。结果表明:吴茱萸果实中吴茱萸内酯、吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的含量在不同采收时期存在较大差异,呈现出在采收初期含量快速增加,随后开始逐渐降低的变化规律。确定江西省吴茱萸果实的最佳采收期为8月初。     

瞬时表达比较2种不同的RNAi载体的干涉效果

 RNAi with natural defence mechanism of homologous RNA degradation is widely used in research of antiviral plant. It is important to construct a highly efficent RNAi vector for transgenic plants of virus resis-tance. In this study, part fragments of coat protein gene of Potato virus Y (PVY) (451-750 bp) were inserted into the two expression vectors. Vector pROKY300 without intron and pHelY300 with PDK and CAT introns on the hpRNA stem were constructed. The silence efficiency of virus resistance of the two vectors was investigated as 88% (22/25)for pROKY300 and 92% (23/25) for pHelY300 through transient expression mediated by agroinfiltration. The results showed that both vectors were highly antiviral and elucidated the validity of RNAi-medicates resistance to virus.     

烯啶虫胺在柑橘和土壤中的残留及消解动态

应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)建立了烯啶虫胺在柑橘和土壤中的残留分析方法,并采用该方法研究了烯啶虫胺在田间柑橘和土壤中的消解动态。样品分别采用乙腈和甲醇提取,UPLC-MS/MS检测,外标法定量。在0.1~5 mg/L质量浓度范围内,烯啶虫胺的仪器 响应值与质量浓度呈良好线性关系,相关系数均在0.99以上。该方法的最小检出量为1.0×10-11 g, 在柑橘和土壤中的最低检测浓度均为0.05 mg/kg。当添加水平为0.05~2 mg/kg时,回收率在70.8%~104.1%之间,相对标准偏差在4.7%~12.3%之间。消解动态试验结果表明,烯啶虫胺在柑橘和土壤中消解的半衰期分别为3.4~10.7 d和1.8~5.4 d,表明烯啶虫胺属于易降解农药(t1/2<30 d)。     

小麦倒伏的茎秆特征及对产量与品质的影响

选用6个株高不同的小麦品种,在自然倒伏条件下,研究籽粒形成期倒伏植株的茎秆性状、倒伏对产量和品质的影响。结果表明,矮秆、基部节间较短、重心高度较低、穗下节间较长且株高构成指数大的植株有利于抗倒伏。小麦在籽粒形成期倒伏对产量、品质均有较大的影响,表现为产量下降,籽粒中蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值有所上升,但蛋白质产量下降,支链淀粉、直链淀粉和总淀粉含量亦下降。