利用多普勒天气雷达探测濮阳一次暴雨天气过程浅析

介绍了使用多普勒天气雷达对濮阳2005年7月22日暴雨天气过程进行连续监测的情况,利用基本反射率、组合反射率和回波顶、垂直积分液态水、基本速度等雷达产品进行分析。结果表明,此次降水回波持续时间较长,有＂人＂字形回波特征。径向速度产品图上,逆风区与辐合区出现、发展,预示强风暴的出现。速度场的强弱变化早于回波强度变化,可更早得到风暴的发展情况,追踪多普勒径向速度场上的逆风区、辐合区的运动路径,可以大致确定强降水的落区,从而提前预报出灾害性天气。垂直积分液态含水量相对稳定,大值区与强回波区有一定的对应关系。通过分析得出此次暴雨的一些雷达回波特征,可为今后暴雨识别、预报提供参考和依据。     

Inflammatory response in rat kidney with contrast-induced nephropathy

AIM：To observe the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in the renal tissue of the rats with contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). METHODS：Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=96) were randomly divided into control group (n=48) and CIN group (n=48). The model rats in CIN group were intravenously injected with iodinated contrast media (76% compound diatrizoate injection,10 mL/kg), while the rats in control group were injected with the same volume of saline. Six rats in each group were sacrificed at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 5 d, 10 d and 15 d after intravenous injection, respectively, and the blood and kidney samples of the rats were obtained. The renal tubular injury was assessed by histological examination (HE staining). The expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), TNF-α and NF-κB at mRNA and protein levels in the renal tissues were semiquantitatively measured by the methods of RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The correlations between the expression of TNF-α, NF-κB and tubular injury score, KIM-1 expression in renal tissue of CIN group were analyzed. RESULTS：The levels of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in control group were not changed between different time points (P>0.05). The levels of SCr and BUN in CIN group displayed significant increases at different time points (except 15 d) compared with control group (P<0.05). The renal tubular injury score in CIN group was significantly higher at all time points than that in control group (P<0.05). The expression of KIM-1, TNF-α and NF-κB at mRNA and protein levels up-regulated significantly at 6 h and the peaking of KIM-1 expression was at 24 h, while the peaking of TNF-α and NF-κB expression was at 48 h in CIN group. The expression of KIM-1,TNF-α and NF-κB was significantly increased in CIN group compared with control group except at 15 d (P<0.05). The expression of TNF-α and NF-κB at mRNA and protein levels showed close correlations with renal tubular injury score (r=0.843, 0.758, 0.743 and 0.707, P<0.05). The expression of TNF-α and NF-κB at mRNA and protein levels was also positively correlated with KIM-1 expression (r=0.863, 0.807, 0.839 and 0.855, P<0.05). CONCLUSION：The expression of TNF-α and NF-κB at mRNA and protein levels in the renal tissues of CIN group is up-regulated and is closely related with renal tubular injury, indicating that the inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenesis of CIN.     

油茶枯饼固态发酵技术的研究

对油茶枯饼的脱毒和发酵技术进行了研究.结果表明乙醇对油茶枯饼中的皂素有较高的脱除率，枯饼中的营养成分损失少；黑曲霉、毛霉和117假丝酵母能在脱皂油茶枯饼上正常生长，枯饼固态发酵后，其蛋白质含量有一定程度的提高，提高程度为66.7%～99.7%；平菇、紫木耳能在油茶枯饼中正常生长，而金针菇则生长不正常；紫木耳对枯饼中蛋白的提高程度在各食用菌中最高，为74.2%～110.7%；以毛霉、平菇和紫木耳的一次发酵产品再经117产朊假丝酵母二次发酵，其粗蛋白质含量接近20%，氨基酸组成趋向平衡.     

养殖鳗鲡拟指环虫病的研究与控制现状

拟指环虫在鳗鲡的寄生呈全球性分布,已成为日本鳗鲡、欧洲鳗鲡、美洲鳗鲡、澳洲鳗鲡等养殖鳗鲡的主要寄生虫之一,虫体大量寄生及驱虫药物大量使用导致鱼体应激,进而引发其他疾病,给鳗鱼养殖业带来巨大经济损失。文章通过综述鳗鲡寄生拟指环虫的分类地位、主要种类及感染宿主,在鳗鲡养殖过程中的流行趋势及虫体寄生宿主出现的主要症状和病理变化,以及驱虫药物的驱虫效果研究和拟指环虫病防控技术现状,发现在鳗鲡拟指环虫病有效防控方面仍然困难重重,尤其缺乏特效的防治药物,药物使用应激性产卵后导致二次感染的现象普遍存在,且拟指环虫对美洲鳗鲡、欧洲鳗鲡等的特异性选择机制及药物使用后耐药性产生的机制尚不清楚,虫体体外培养技术也未成熟,因此亟待研究拟指环虫离体培养模型,建立拟指环虫人工感染和传代系统,开展鳗鲡拟指环虫低毒性、低残留等安全控制药物的研制及口服驱虫药物的研发,并基于水体温度、pH、水流速、生物天敌等进一步加强拟指环虫生态防控技术和免疫防控技术研究,为鳗鲡产业的可持续健康发展提供有力技术保障。     

果园间伐对梨叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响

在15年生梨树高光效开心树形果园进行了间伐试验,测定并比较了间伐与未间伐果园梨树树体东、西侧叶片的叶绿素荧光参数,通过PSII的电子传递速率(ETR)、PSII的实际光合量子产量(Y(II))、调节性能量耗散的量子产量(Y(NPQ))以及非调节性能量耗散的量子产量(Y(NO))对光合有效辐射(PAR)的响应曲线,并得出PAR-ETR响应曲线的拟合参数。结果表明,与未间伐果园相比,成龄梨园间伐后梨树树体东、西侧叶片的ETR(最高可稳定至130μmol/(m2·s)左右)和Y(II)(最高可稳定至0.3左右)较高,Y(NPQ)较低(最低稳定在0.2左右),Y(NO)保持在一定范围内(0.5~0.7),且具有较高的最大电子传递速率(ETRmax)(最高可达152.4μmol/(m2·s)左右)、最小饱和光强(Ik)(最高可达510.3μmol/(m2·s)),表明间伐能够提高果园梨树叶片的光能利用效率。     

不同坐果期枣果实品质差异的研究

[目的]比较不同坐果期枣果实品质的差异,为提高枣的精细化管理水平提供科学依据.[方法]挂牌标记枣树的头蓬果、二蓬果、三蓬果,于果实脆熟期末采收.分别测定枣果实物理性状(单果重、果形指数、可食率、含水量、干物质量)和果实内含物含量(可溶性糖、还原糖、淀粉、VC、有机酸、蛋白质),采用TMS-Pro质构仪测定果实质地参数,并进行比较分析.[结果]枣头蓬果、二蓬果、三蓬果的大小、形状和可食部分干物质量均存在显著差异,并依次减小;二蓬果的VC、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、有机酸、淀粉和还原糖含量均高于头蓬果、三蓬果的含量;供试材料不同坐果期枣果实质地各参数间也存在差异.[结论]不同坐果期枣果实品质存在较大差异,头蓬果和二蓬果品质优于三蓬果,采用疏果等措施可提高枣的商品性和经济效益.     

In vitro effect of levamisole on the cell viability,phagocytosis and respiratory burst of Barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus) macrophages

The present study was to determine in vitro effect of levamisole on the immune functions of Barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus), head–kidney‐derived (HKM), spleen‐derived (SM) and peripheral blood monocyte‐derived macrophage (PBM). Macrophages were incubated with levamisole 10³, 10¹, 10⁻¹ and 10⁻³ ng mL⁻¹ to assay the cell viability, respiratory burst and phagocytosis. The results showed that macrophages treated with levamisole 10⁻³ ng mL⁻¹ gave a maximum respiratory burst response, whereas levamisole 10³ ng mL⁻¹ had no effect. Phagocytosis activity of the macrophages treated with levamisole enhanced significantly when compared to control, maximum response being at 10⁻³ ng mL⁻¹. While using the methylthiazoletetrazolium method to measure the cell activity for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 h, there was no significant role on proliferation and the cell viability began to decline after 24 h. In conclusion, levamisole is a potent enhancer of Barbel chub macrophage activity with low concentration.     

海马齿根系响应盐胁迫的转录组分析

【目的】对盐胁迫下海马齿根系进行转录组测序分析,挖掘海马齿根系耐盐相关基因,为揭示海马齿耐盐的分子机制提供参考。【方法】利用Illumina测序技术对0 mmol/L NaCl （对照组）和400 mmol/L NaCl胁迫处理（盐胁迫处理组）下的海马齿根系进行转录组测序分析,从中筛选出差异表达基因,选取13个基因进行实时荧光定量PCR （qRTPCR）检测,以验证转录组数据的可靠性。【结果】在海马齿根系转录组中共鉴定出305145个转录本,平均长度为622 bp,其中,对照组有146177个长度>300 bp的转录本,盐胁迫处理组有72173个长度>300 bp的转录本;共有65535条Unigenes在Nr、GO、Swiss-Prot、COG和KEGG五大数据库注释成功,占Unigenes总数的52.36%。对照组和盐胁迫处理组共有65535个差异Unigenes,其中,有182个热休克蛋白基因。对照组和盐胁迫处理组间共有24042个差异表达基因,从中选取13个基因进行qRT-PCR检测,结果显示,9个基因表达上调,其余4个基因表达下调,与转录组测序结果一致。24042个差异表达基因中,共有10106个显著差异基因富集到129条代谢通路,其中富集程度排名前10的代谢途径为核糖体、次级代谢生物合成、RNA转运、内吞作用、剪接体、甘油磷脂代谢、内质网加工、吞噬、醚脂类代谢和植物-病原体相互作用,参与盐胁迫相关的硫代谢、脯氨酸积累、活性氧（ROS）代谢、与盐胁迫相关的钙信号通路和过氧化氢代谢等途径的差异基因上调。【结论】在盐胁迫下海马齿差异表达基因如小分子量热激蛋白基因、抗氧化酶相关基因及与离子交换相关基因发挥了重要调控作用。     

紫芝栽培新品种武芝2号基于rDNA-ITS和ITS2的分子鉴定与分析

[目的]探讨利用rDNA-ITS及其ITS2二级结构进行紫芝栽培新品种武芝2号(原名紫芝S2)的分子鉴定.[方法]通过第一代和第三代测序技术分别获得武芝2号的ITS序列,针对灵芝属(Ganoderma spp.)相关种类的ITS序列构建系统进化树进行分子分类鉴定,采用rDNA-ITS及相关引物序列进行BLAST比对分析...     

鳜塘水体理化因子昼夜变化及相关性研究

通过对鳜塘水体部分理化因子昼夜检测及藻类的观察 ,分析了塘水重要理化因子昼夜变化情况。结果表明 ,不同鳜塘溶氧、pH值昼夜升降变化规律基本一致 ,总铵、亚硝酸盐氮、磷酸盐磷昼夜变化因塘而异。鳜塘生态因子的统计分析还显示 ,磷酸盐磷与异氧细菌数 (r2 8=0 30 )相关性最大 ,其次是与溶氧 (r2 8=0 2 4 ) ;亚硝酸盐氮与叶绿素a呈负相关 (r2 8=- 0 35) ;总铵与多数因子呈负相关 ,但相关不显著