Cloning and Tissue Expression Analysis of PDK4 and FGF10 Genes in Guizhou Congjiang Xiang Pig

The objective of this study was to clone PDK4 and FGF10 genes, and investigate the expression level of PDK4 and FGF10 genes mRNA in different tissues of Large White pig and Congjiang Xiang pig. The PDK4 and FGF10 genes were cloned by RT-PCR and analyzed by bioinformatics, the relative expression of PDK4 and FGF10 genes were detected by Real-time PCR. The results showed that the coding region of PDK4 gene was 1 224 bp, encoding 407 amino acids; The coding region of FGF10 gene was 636 bp and encoded 211 amino acids. The homologies of nucleotide sequences of PDK4 gene with sheep, horse and human were 93%, 92% and 91%,respectively. The homologies of nucleotide sequences of FGF10 gene with sheep, cattle, human and mouse were 94%,93%, 93% and 90%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree of PDK4 gene showed that the genetic relationship of Congjiang Xiang pig, cattle and sheep were very close, the phylogenetic tree of FGF10 gene indicated that the genetic relationship of Congjiang Xiang pig, cattle, sheep, human and macaque were very close, but the genetic relationship of Congjiang Xiang pig, rat and chicken were far away. Real-time PCR results showed that, in different tissues of Congjiang Xiang pig,PDK4 gene expression in kidney tissue was higher than other tissues, with a higher expression in stomach and adipose as well,FGF10 gene expression in stomach tissue was higher than other tissues, with a higher expression in kidney and adipose as well, but both of PDK4 and FGF10 genes expression were the lowest in longissimus dorsi. In different tissues of Large White pig, both of PDK4 and FGF10 genes were expressed the highest in adipose than other tissues, PDK4 gene expression in longissimus dorsi was the lowest, while the FGF10 gene expression the lowest in heart. This study successfully cloned the PDK4 and FGF10 genes of Large White pig and Congjiang Xiang pig,and detected the relative expression of PDK4 and FGF10 genes in different tissues of Large White pig and Congjiang Xiang pig, and also provided scientific basis for further study on regulation of PDK4 and FGF10 genes on lipid metabolism and deposition.     

狐和貉源大肠埃希菌药敏试验及耐药基因检测

为了解秦皇岛昌黎县狐和貉源致病性大肠埃希菌耐药性及耐药基因的情况,以昌黎县分离的15株狐和貉源致病性大肠埃希菌为试验菌株,采用药敏纸片法对抗菌药物进行药敏试验,并对四环素类耐药基因tetA、tetB、tetC、tetD,氨基糖苷类耐药基因strA-strB、aadA1,磺胺类耐药基因sul1、sul2、sul3进行PCR检测。结果显示,15株大肠埃希菌分离菌株对土霉素、多西环素、头孢拉定、新霉素、青霉素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶的耐药率均为100%;对阿莫西林、庆大霉素、头孢曲松、阿米卡星、大观霉素、链霉素、复方新诺明、氨苄西林、环丙沙星耐药率分别为93.33%、53.33%、33.33%、73.33%、86.66%、86.66%、86.66%、66.67%和66.67%。9种耐药基因tetA、tetB、tetC、tetD、strA-strB、aadA1、sul1、sul2、sul3的检出率分别为0、46.67%、26.67%、13.33%、40%、100%、53.33%、46.67%和53.33%,其中四环素类耐药基因以tetB的检出率最高,氨基糖苷类耐药基因以aadA1的检出率最高,磺胺类耐药基因的检出率相差不大。说明15株狐和貉源大肠埃希菌耐药谱广,耐药性高,耐药基因流行普遍。     

杏棉间作复合系统对棉花产量及纤维品质的影响

以大田棉花为对照(CK),研究了环塔里木盆地杏、棉间作系统对棉花的产量和纤维品质特性的影响.结果表明:杏、棉间作下棉花的产量及其构成因素相比对照均有不同程度的减小,且随着距杏树垂直距离的增加,其变化呈偏态分布趋势;在杏、棉间作区,棉花的比强度、伸长率和马克隆值明显减少,而纤维长度、整齐度、黄度和纺纱指数则形成了明显的增...     

优化施肥对春小麦产量、氮素利用及氮平衡的影响

2009 ～ 2010年,在宁夏引黄灌区分别以宁春11号和宁春16号小麦为供试作物,利用田间试验研究了优化施肥(OPT)和习惯施肥(CON)对春小麦产量、氮素吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响,表观评估了土壤—小麦体系氮素平衡.结果表明,相对于CK处理,OPT和CON都显著提高春小麦籽粒产量地上部生物量,并促进籽粒N和地上...     

Study on the Changes of Reproductive Hormone and Regulation of Follicle Development During the Reproductive Cycle of Yili Goose in Xinjiang

This experiment was aimed to study the changes of reproductive hormone and regulation of follicle development during the reproductive cycle of Yili goose in Xinjiang. 2 years old Yili goose were chosen which were in good health and similar weight. 32 samples were randomly selected to take blood samples for hormone detection during the laying, broodiness and ceased periods, and 15 samples were randomly selected to gather ovarian tissue for the observation of the development of ovary and follicular. The results showed that during the laying period, the GnRH of the Yili goose was extremely significantly higher than the broodiness and ceased periods of 16.78% and 58.29% (P<0.01);PRL was significantly lower than the broodiness period of 13.00% (P<0.05), and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 28.94% (P<0.01); FSH was higher than the broodiness period of 6.98% (P>0.05),and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 21.12% (P<0.01); LH was extremely significantly lower than the broodiness period of 8.38% (P<0.01),and was extremely significantly higher than the ceased period of 16.84% (P<0.01); E₂ were extremely significantly higher than that the broodiness and ceased periods of 29.80% and 112.40% (P<0.01); P₄ levels were extremely significantly higher than the broodiness and ceased periods of 28.89% and 30.34% (P<0.01). The ovary volume and weight of Yili goose were extremely significantly higher than that of broodiness and ceased periods (P<0.01). In the laying period, the mature follicles of Yili goose were significantly larger than that of the broodiness and resting periods, the number of secondary follicles was more and the number of primary follicles was lesser. Ovarian growth and mature follicle atresia, granule layer shrinkage, inward depression, cytoplasmic cavity, follicular atrophy at all levels in the broodiness period. The follicle cytoplasmic cavity of the ovary was larger in the ceased period than broodiness period, and inward concave further deeper, a large number of primordial follicles evenly arranged. Thus, during the laying period, the responses of GnRH, E₂ and LH of Yili goose were active and played a leading role on the development of ovarian and follicular. PRL and LH maintained a high level of secretion, cooperated to maintain the broodiness behavior during the broodiness period.     

种牛精液冷冻和保存效果研究进展

随着养牛业的高速发展,牛精液液体保存技术的研究也在逐步深入。人工授精技术降低了养殖成本,加速了肉牛的繁殖改良,同时还促进了育种工作的进程,合理有效的使用人工授精技术能够提高牛的饲养效益。与此同时,优良的种牛精液品质也是改良的关键,有实验结果表明：遗传、气候环境、饲养管理等因素会影响牛的精液品质[1],同时强制运动也是决定种牛精液品质的关键环节[2]。合理的精液冷冻与保存不仅能发挥优良的精液品质,同时也为人工授精技术的发展提供保障。本文从牛精液新型冷冻保护剂和损伤修复、牛精液冷冻保存添加剂、牛冷冻精在人工受精中的应用、冷冻保存的发展前景等方面总结了我国牛精液冷冻保存技术的研究和发展,以期对今后种牛精液冷冻和保存技术发展有所帮助、提供参考。     

4个紫花苜蓿品种对低温胁迫的生理响应及抗寒性评价

本研究选取'肇东'、'龙牧801'、'东农1号'、'敖汉'4种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)作为研究对象,进行低温胁迫试验,通过对生理生化指标和叶片解剖结构的观测分析,综合比较了4种紫花苜蓿的抗寒性.结果表明:低温胁迫下,4种紫花苜蓿相对电导率、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性与对照相比有所上升,其中'肇东'各个指标的上升幅度均最大.通过隶属函数综合分析得出,4种紫花苜蓿的抗寒性为'肇东'>'龙牧801'>'东农1号'>'敖汉'.通过观测4种苜蓿的解剖结构发现,抗寒性较强的'肇东'和'龙牧801'的叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度和海绵组织厚度小于抗寒性较弱的'敖汉',且细胞结构更为紧密.     

外源钙对干旱胁迫下木豆种苗生理特性的影响

通过模拟贵州岩溶地区土壤富钙的生境（CK和50 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂）,以岩溶地区常见饲用灌木木豆（Cajanus cajan）为材料,研究外源钙对干旱胁迫（CK,5%,10%,20% PEG-6000）下木豆种子的萌发率、保护性酶活性（SOD,POD,CAT）及可溶性蛋白质和GSH含量的变化。结果表明：木豆种子萌发随着干旱胁迫的增强而呈显著线性下降趋势（P<0.01）,施加外源钙对其无显著影响;随着干旱胁迫的增强保护酶SOD和POD成指数关系,CAT成负二次关系;施加外源钙能显著提高低浓度干旱胁迫下木豆种子SOD和POD活性;可溶性蛋白质和GSH含量随着干旱胁迫的增强呈现指数和二次曲线关系,施加外源钙显著提高了木豆种子可溶性蛋白质和GSH含量（P<0.05）。表明外源钙的施加能缓解木豆种子受到的干旱伤害,提高木豆苗期抗旱性。     

聚丙烯酸钠对黄土坡面产流产沙的影响研究

通过野外模拟降雨试验,研究了施用SP对黄土坡面产流、产沙的影响,并对实验数据进行数学模拟,建立了SP施用量与产流、产沙强度间的关系模型.结果表明:SP施用量与产流时间、平均产流强度呈二次函数相关关系,与产沙强度呈线性负相关关系.SP用量在0～2.42 g/m\+2之间时,能够延缓坡面产流,用量为1.21 g/m\+2时延缓产流效果最明显;用量介于0～3.31 g/m2之间时,能够增加土壤入渗,减少坡面产流量,用量1.65 g/m2的增渗减流效果最佳;施用SP后,能够减少坡面输沙强度,且用量越大,减沙效果越明显.SP可影响坡面产流过程,用量1.8 g/m2时,能够减小产流初期径流强度增幅,用量为3.6 g/m2时,其产流过程线与对照极接近,而施用量增加到5.4 g/m2时,产流强度明显增大.SP对坡面产沙过程的影响表现为:随施用量增大,产沙强度峰值呈逐步减小的变化趋势.     

白羊草根系形态特征对土壤水分阶段变化的响应

根系形态特征是评价植物适应胁迫环境的重要指标。以黄土丘陵半干旱区天然草地群落优势种白羊草为材料,研究了其根系生长和形态特征与水分供应条件的关系。采用盆栽控制试验,设置3个水分处理:高水(HW,80%田间持水量)、中水(MW,60%田间持水量)和低水(LW,40%田间持水量),分别在拔节期、开花期、结实期改善水分供应水平,在生育期末测定了白羊草根系生物量和各项形态指标。结果表明:白羊草根系生长与水分供应条件密切相关,持续高水处理有利于白羊草根系生长,其根系生物量、总根长和根表面积均显著提高(P<0.05);水分胁迫抑制了白羊草根系生长,但对白羊草根系平均直径影响不显著;根系生物量、总根长和根表面积间存在显著的正相关关系(P<0.01);不同生育期阶段胁迫后复水,白羊草根系表现出较强的可塑性,在拔节期复水且高的复水幅度能够显著提高白羊草根系生物量、总根长和根表面积(P<0.05)。这些说明白羊草根系对干旱胁迫有较强的耐受能力,其对阶段干旱胁迫后复水的响应与生育期及复水前干旱胁迫程度密切相关。