智能化海量空间信息分析与地图制图软件包IMAT设计及构建

【目的】在农业与环境研究领域,受研究条件和手段限制,多数研究实际上只能集中于点过程、局部地区或某一时段问题,只能关注某些特定主题相关现象和机制。由此产生大量分散数据。通过坐标关联可以对原先在各自独立研究中获取的不同类型数据与证据进行关联,这种连接可能赋予原先所认知的过程以新的涵义。海量空间数据分析方法能够从多渠道、多角度获得对事物的认知,并能够利用新的数据与证据不断修订假设。大数据分析的主要难点是海量空间信息不仅体量大,还要根据数据异质类型进行差异化抽提、整合和表达,难以采用现有主流软件工具,针对这一问题,本研究旨在创建一个能够以自动化和人机交互方式对异源、异质海量空间信息进行抽提、整合与大尺度、大比例尺专题图表达的专用工具--智能制图工具（IMAT）。【方法】采用海量空间信息分析方法中的流程设计与软件设计原则构建IMAT。总设计由系统体系架构设计、系统数据支撑平台设计、模块与组件模型设计3部分组成。程序采用C#为编程语言,以NET Framework 4 Extended为软件开发环境,同时调用制图软件包ArcGIS、数据库软件包Access与界面制作软件包DotNet Bar控件。【结果】IMAT含38个独立功能模块,覆盖了对农业与环境领域产生的海量空间信息进行抽提与制图表达所需主要功能,各模块既可独立进行某项特定数据分析与处理,例如,海量信息调用、存贮、空间要素统计、分类码审核、赋码、要素筛选、数据整合、制图表达等,也可通过多模块组合,完成一项比较复杂的数据抽提与表达任务,弥补了国内外主流数据库软件包与专业制图软件包与在处理海量空间信息方面的功能缺失。IMAT数据分析对象为海量空间数据库。在进行数据分析时,IMAT能够根据研究目标设定对各异源、异质、异构库进行信息抽提的规则,并以自动化、批量化方式完成海量空间信息的逻辑结构与存储结构整合;在进行制图表达时,IMAT能在全图设定分幅图差异化要素抽提规则,并以智能化、自动化、人机交互方式完成由多图幅组成的大比例尺专题图全图的视图表达。【结论】在对农业与环境主题相关海量空间信息进行分析时,IMAT既适用于土壤类型、土壤质地等以多等级分类系统表示的专题要素,也适用于土壤养分含量、土壤污染物含量、面源污染排放指数等以量化分级指标表达的专题要素;既可用于对多专题要素与图层的综合性信息抽提与复合性制图表达,还能用于进行不同比例尺、不同分幅类型的可视化地图制图。IMAT设计中采用组建化模块与模型设计构筑系统体系架构,提高了设计与研制效率;利用函数化的海量空间数据集四元表达式作为IMAT系统中各空间数据库接口文件,使得IMAT各模块均能够接受和处理处于数据整合与表达进程不同阶段的异质、异构海量空间信息,从而实现了各功能模块的可装配性,分析人员能根据数据抽提、整合和表达目标选择并灵活组合适宜的功能模块。     

Calculation of Maintenance Cost Based on the Proportional Life Setback Model

Maintenance cost is one of the most difficult parts to calculate in variant-cost, for it s decided by the reliability of components. As an important factor of reliability, life is largely affected by maintenance. The proportional life prolonged model based on maintenance is presented firsdy. Based on this model, the function of Mainenance--Life--Cost is deduced. Which provides a new method for power plant to calculate maintenance cost more accurately.     

不同继代培养次数对苹果八棱海棠离体培养和遗传转化的影响

以苹果八棱海棠离体新梢和幼叶为外植体,研究不同继代次数对其离体繁殖、再生和遗传转化的影响。结果表明,随着继代培养次数的增加,继代10次和48次的八棱海棠离体增殖倍数、生根能力、不定芽的再生频率、每外植体再生芽数和GUS基因瞬时表达率均显著高于继代5次的;继代10次的增殖倍数和GUS阳性率明显多于继代48次的,其它指标相互间差异不显著;说明继代10次的芽苗较适合用于八棱海棠离体培养的外殖体材料,其幼叶较适于遗传转化研究。     

Common pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimers disease: a potential mechanism

AIM: Some epidemiologic evidences suggest an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer disease (AD). The present study was designed to explore the common pathogenesis in these two diseases by comparing the pathological changes in pancreas and hippocampus, the activity of glucogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in T2DM rats with those in AD rats. METHODS: The SD rats were fed with high glucose, high fat and high protein for 8 weeks, and then injected with streptozocin (STZ) to establish the T2DM models. The model of AD was made by injection of STZ in hippocampus. The levels of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in hippocampus and pancreas were analyzed by Western blotting and immunochemistry. The activities of GSK-3β and PP2A were determined by using γ-32P-ATP and the specific peptide substrate. RESULTS: In hippocampus of T2DM rats, the tau protein was hyperphosphorylated, the Aβ level was raised, the activity of PP2A was increased and the activity of GSK-3β was decreased, which were also observed in the hippocampus of AD rats. In the AD rats, the Aβ level in pancreas was found to rise, the activity of PP2A decreased and the activity of GSK-3β increased, which were similar to the changes in pancreas of T2DM rats. However, tau protein was not detected in the pancreas of both groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that there are some common pathological changes between T2DM and AD. The hyperphosohorylation of tau protein in hippocampus, the raised Aβ level in hippocampus and pancreas, as well as the corresponding activities of PP2A and GSK-3β may contribute to the pathogenesis in the development of T2DM and AD.     

Relationship between the intracellular calcium concentration changes and left ventricular hypertrophy and function in the spontaneously hypertensive rats

AIM:To elucidate the relationship between the intracellular calcium concentration changes and left ventricular hypertrophy and function in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).METHODS:Intracellular free calcium concentrations were measured by Fura 2 methodology and left ventricular function quantitated by cardiac catheterization in 20 SHR aged 10, 22, and 34 weeks and 20 age-matched Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats.RESULTS:(1) The systolic blood pressure(SBP), intracellular calcium concentrations and left ventricular mass / body weight index (LVM/BW) were significantly higher in all three age groups of SHR than the corresponding groups of WKY; (2) Compared with age-matched WKY groups, the peak left ventricular pressure descending rate(-dp／dt_max) decreased while left ventricular relaxation time constant (τ)increased significantly in SHR aged 22 and 34 weeks. The peak left ventricular pressure ascending rate(dp／dt_max) and the left ventricular contractility index were significantly increased only in the 34 weeks SHR; (3) Intracellular calcium concentrations showed a positive correlation with LVM/BW,SBP,-dp／dt_max and τ(r=0.47-0.83,P<0.01)and a negative correlation with dp／dt_max and the left ventricular contractility index (r=-0.46,P<0.05 and r=-0.81, P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Intracellular calcium overload is one of the potential mechanisms in the induction of left ventricular hypertrophy as well as of systolic and diastolic dysfunction.     

寒区畜禽舍空气内循环除湿系统设计与试验

针对北方冬季密闭畜禽舍普遍存在的舍内湿度大、传统除湿方法成本高的问题,设计了一种以翅片管换热器为核心部件的自然冷凝式节能除湿系统,利用北方冬季寒冷的舍外自然条件使制冷剂充分制冷后循环引入翅片管换热器中,依据冷凝原理实现舍内高湿气体冷凝析湿。该除湿系统实现舍内空气内循环除湿,减少直接或间接通风除湿造成大量的热量损失。利用湿空气理论计算除湿速率,通过在密闭试验舱进行试验测试来验证换热除湿系统的工作性能。结果表明,翅片管换热器有效换热面积、舱内空气和制冷剂初始温差、风机风速和制冷液流量对除湿速率和舱内降温有着正向影响。风速为1m/s、平均初始温差约为33℃情况下,在约为36m3的试验舱内平均降温为4.67℃,平均除湿速率约为2.69kg/h。在有效换热面积为18m2的换热器除湿试验中,空气与制冷剂的质量流率比为0.31、0.63和0.95时,能效比分别为5.63、12.25和11.03,表明换热器存在热交换能力的上限,能效比不能随风机风速增大而持续增加,可为除湿系统的节能调控提供参考。该系统充分利用了东北寒区冬季舍外自然低温,除湿和节能效果明显,可为解决北方冬季畜禽舍除湿和节能之间矛盾提供有效途径。     

唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺混用防除大豆田杂草技术研究

为了明确唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺混用的适宜配比及防除大豆田杂草的施药剂量,采用盆栽法测定了唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺5个配比的稗草生物活性,通过田间试验研究了4个混用剂量对大豆出苗数、株高、产量的影响和对杂草的防效。结果表明:唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺混用具有很好的增效作用,对大豆安全,适宜的混用比例为1∶20,适宜的施药量为900~1 200 g·hm~(-2)。唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺按1∶2.5、1∶5、1∶10、1∶20、1∶40混用的5个配比对稗草的生物活性均表现为增效作用,共毒系数为240.72~380.59,其中以1∶20配比的共毒系数最高。唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺混用比例为1∶20时,施药量600,900,1 200,1 800 g·hm~(-2)施药后45 d对杂草的总株防效为78.9%~98.2%,鲜重防效为85.3%~99.6%,4个混用处理与人工除草处理之间在大豆出苗数、株高和产量方面均没有显著差异。     

霉菌毒素对蛋鸡的危害及其残留与检测方法的研究进展

霉菌毒素对蛋鸡饲料的污染,不仅影响到蛋鸡健康,其在组织和鸡蛋中的残留也给食品安全带来很大隐患。作者就霉菌毒素的污染情况、对蛋鸡的影响、在肌肉、肝脏和肾脏等组织和鸡蛋中的残留情况及其检测方法的研究现状进行综述,从而为深入研究霉菌毒素提供一定的依据。     

苹果粕在小猪日粮中替代麸皮的应用效果

为研究苹果粕作为麸皮的替代物在小猪日粮中的应用效果,选用80头体重为15.26±0.75kg大长二元杂阉公小猪,随机分成A、B两组,每组设4个重复,每个重复10头猪,进行28天饲养试验,A组日粮中含有4%麸皮,B组日粮用等量苹果粕替代日粮中全部麸皮,调整日粮蛋白能量一致。结果表明:试验14天和28天A、B两组小猪的平均采食量、平均日增重、料重比、腹泻率均无显著差异(P>0.05),外观B组小猪皮肤较健康红润,同时苹果粕比麸皮有价格优势,从而降低饲料成本。本试验结果表明,苹果粕在小猪日粮中作为麸皮的替代物应用可行。