BS-DTAB复配修饰红壤对苯酚的吸附

为了探究复配修饰后,可变电荷类型的红壤与恒电荷土壤对苯酚的吸附差异,以红壤作为供试土样,在两性表面活性剂BS-12(十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱)修饰的基础上,以阳离子型表面活性剂DTAB(十二烷基三甲基溴化铵)复配修饰制备两性-阳离子复配修饰红壤,采用批处理法研究在单一苯酚及Cd2+复合条件下供试土样对苯酚的吸附效果,并分析不同修饰比例、温度、离子强度和pH的影响。结果表明,DTAB复配修饰增强了BS-12两性修饰红壤对苯酚的吸附能力,单一苯酚表现出在总修饰比例小于150%CEC时吸附量随着修饰比例的增加而递增;各修饰土对苯酚的吸附具有增温负效应;苯酚吸附量随着pH的升高而降低;随着离子强度的增大,苯酚单一处理时供试土样对苯酚吸附量减少,但苯酚和Cd2+复合处理时,则呈现先降低后升高的趋势。Henry模型能较好地拟合各修饰红壤对苯酚吸附的等温吸附数据,吸附以分配机制为主;供试土样对苯酚的吸附属于自发的物理吸附过程。复配修饰红壤的苯酚吸附量低于恒电荷土壤,其黏土矿物成分决定的低CEC是主要影响因素。     

基于热电制冷技术的营养液温控系统的试验研究

在分析研究热电制冷技术工作特点的基础上，利用热电制冷技术开发了番茄无土栽培营养液温度控制系统。试验结果表明，应用该温控系统能够把营养液夏季温度控制在21～23℃，冬季温度控制在19．5～20．5℃范围内，满足番茄深液流无土栽培的需求；系统制冷系数约为20％，适用于制冷量需求较小的栽培情况。该系统使用方便，改变电流方向即可以实现制冷和加热的转换。     

栗鸮繁殖习性的观察

2002年3月至7月,在海南大田国家级自然保护区对一对栗鸮的繁殖习性进行了观察。结果表明：这对栗鸮最早在3月23日产卵,窝卵数4枚,卵的受精率为75．00％,4月末至5月初出壳,孵卵期36～42d,受精卵的孵化率及雏鸟的成活率均为100．00％,雏鸟生长迅速。孵卵和育雏由雌雄鸟共同完成,亲鸟护卵性极强,随着雏鸟的长大。亲鸟暖雏和护雏的时间逐渐减少。栗鸮的食物主要是啮齿类、蜥蜴类和蛙类,还包括一些鸟类和昆虫。     

醋糟菌糠对3种作物土壤微生物及酶活性的影响

为研究醋糟菌糠作为一种生物肥料对土壤肥力的影响,为解决食用菌菌糠对环境污染及其有效利用提供科学依据,本文通过田间试验,对玉米、高粱、糯玉米3种作物基施醋糟菌糠后不同生育期的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,细菌、放线菌和真菌数量,及微生物量碳、氮含量进行测试。研究结果表明:1)醋糟菌糠显著提高了作物根际土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量。在作物整个生育期,加入醋糟菌糠的土壤细菌数量比对照提高32%~54%;放线菌数量在成熟期提高明显,玉米田土壤放线菌数量增幅最大,为101%;真菌数量变化总体趋势呈现先升高后下降的趋势。2)醋糟菌糠的施入增加了作物根际土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶的活性。种植高粱、玉米和糯玉米土壤的脲酶活性增长率分别为239%、189%和185%;3种作物的土壤过氧化氢酶活性在抽穗期最高,最大增长率为40%;3种作物的土壤蔗糖酶活性在不同生育期变化趋势不同,玉米各生育期土壤蔗糖酶活性变化较为稳定,其增长率分别为38%、28%、48%。3)醋糟菌糠的施入增加了作物根际土壤微生物碳氮的含量,不同生育期3种作物的土壤微生物碳含量增幅为58.10~407.67 mg·kg-1,微生物氮含量增幅为11.98~27.55 mg·kg-1。由此可见,醋糟菌糠的施用可以增强土壤生产力的可持续性,从而达到保护和改善土壤环境的效果。同时该研究也为醋糟菌糠的有效利用提供了一定的科学依据。     

“906”免疫增强剂对鸡新城疫H_I抗体效价的影响

实验观察了“９０６”免疫增强剂对鸡新城疫ＨＩ抗体效价的影响。结果表明，“９０６”免疫增强剂可显著提高鸡新城疫Ｉ系苗的免疫效果（Ｐ＜０．０５），而且在３０天内与油乳剂疫苗免疫具有相近的抗体水平（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

水稻闭颖授粉特性的遗传及其生物学意义

在正常条件下,水稻闭颖授粉特性是一种罕见的性状。已知具有这种特性的水稻品种有兴除1号和小麦稻。遗传分析表明,闭颖授粉受一对隐性核基因控制。试验结果表明,开花期遇到低温或连续降雨时,这种特性有利于水稻受精结实。此外还可看到,闭颖授粉特性能防止异花授粉,对保持种性有重要的生物学意义。     

Effects of Low- Intensity Ultrasound Treatment on Excess Sludge

In this study the influence of the low-intensity ultrasound treatment on excess sludge has been observed.The oxygen uptake rate(OUR),soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD),soluble total nitrogen(TN) and soluble total phosphorus(TP) were examined for three power levels of 0.03 W/mL, 0.05 W/mL and 0.1 W/mL as well as two time series of 0~5 min and 0~30 min.It showed that there were two stages of ultrasonic treatment: the first stage took place within the flocs in four minutes,in which SCOD,TN,TP were dissolved from flocs.In the second stage,the microbial activities have been strengthened,as well as OUR,TN,TP have increased greatly.     

Effects of arrangement of surge-rootirrigation emitters on growth,yield andwater use efficiency of apple trees

Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment. The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards. There were three factors: the buried depth H( 25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L( 30,40,60 cm) between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N( 1,2,4). The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency( IWUE) of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75% of the field water capacity. The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28 388. 17 kg/hm2 and 16. 83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively. At the same L and N levels( T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22% and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02% and 18.12% compared with T3,respectively. At the same H and N levels( T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level. Especially,when L was 30 cm( T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest. The same L and H levels( T3,T6,and T7) could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2( T3). Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%. Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.     

蓖麻波形圆盘割刀刃口曲线拟合与优化

为减少蓖麻收获的切割功耗,该研究对前期设计的蓖麻波形圆盘割刀进行刃口曲线拟合与优化。基于国内种植的低矮蓖麻物理力学特性,采用B样条算法和基于三点圆曲率分析并带几何约束的最小二乘拟合方法对蓖麻波形圆盘割刀刃口曲线进行参数拟合。并采用Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics-Finite Element Modeling（SPH-FEM）耦合仿真方法模拟蓖麻茎秆切割过程,以刀盘厚度、底圆曲率半径和刃口角为试验因素,以最大切割力、切割功耗为评价指标进行正交旋转组合试验,对割刀结构参数进行优化,并对优化参数组合进行试验验证。最优割刀参数组合为：刀盘厚度3 mm、底圆曲率半径7 mm、刃口角19°,此时最大切割力为109.763 N、切割功耗为1.43 J。台架试验验证表明,SPH-FEM耦合仿真方法与台架试验获得的最大切割力和切割功耗基本吻合,误差在5%以内,所提方法能很好地研究模拟蓖麻割刀的切割过程,可为蓖麻收获装备研制提供支撑。     

玉米秸秆牺牲剂对TiO2/Pt/生物炭光催化水制氢性能的影响

采用光沉积法、水热合成法制备出TiO2/Pt/生物炭复合光催化剂,以玉米秸秆悬浮液作为牺牲剂,考察了不同质量分数玉米秸秆对光催化分解水制氢性能的影响。通过X射线衍射（X-ray Diffraction,XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（Scanning Electron Microscopy,SEM）、透射电子显微镜（Transmission Electron Microscopy,TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy,XPS）和紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra,UV-Vis DRS）等表征手段进一步论证了复合催化剂结构特征。结果表明,随着玉米秸秆质量分数的增大,光催化体系的制氢量展现出先增大后降低的变化趋势。当玉米秸秆质量分数为30%时,TiO2/Pt/生物炭复合材料制氢性能最佳,制氢速率达到225 μmol/(g·h),是单纯TiO2/Pt的11.2倍。其原因在于玉米秸秆分子组成中含有大量的醛基自由基,在光催化过程中被激发,与空穴发生氧化反应,提高了光催化制氢效率。此外,TiO2/Pt/生物炭光催化制经过5次重复利用后,制氢量仍为900 μmol/g,具有较高的光稳定性。