Tree morphology responds to neighbourhood competition and slope in species-rich forests of subtropical China

Trees are able to respond to their local biotic and abiotic environment with morphological adjustments which improve resource acquisition and, thus, growth. In forests, light is broadly recognised as one of the major factors determining growth, and morphological responses comprise changes in crown architecture and stem stature. On sloping terrain, the interplay of phototropism and gravitropism may further affect morphological growth characteristics. However, different tree species are expected to show species-specific responses. In this study, we analysed three growth characteristics of tree individuals belonging to four species of two functional groups (evergreen: Schima superba, Castanopsis eyrei, deciduous: Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata, Castanea henryi) in a species-rich Chinese subtropical forest. Crown projection area, relative crown displacement and stem inclination were related to biotic (local species richness, functional richness, competition, stand age) and abiotic (slope aspect and inclination, soil depth) variables in the local neighbourhood of the tree individuals. We hypothesised that (i) there are species-specific differences in the morphological response of crown architecture and stem stature and (ii) that crown size and asymmetry as well as stem inclination are influenced by both, biotic and abiotic factors. In contrast to our expectations we were unable to reveal any species-specific differences in any of the three growth characteristics. The results of mixed effects models showed that crown area was mainly affected by the target tree's dbh and biotic variables related to neighbours (competition, functional diversity), whereas stem inclination was mainly influenced by slope. Relative crown displacement was influenced by both, biotic and abiotic variables. We conclude that growth responses resulting in crown displacement and stem inclination seem to be an important mechanism to ameliorate foraging for light in our study area, but that these responses appear to be species-independent. The interplay of stem inclination and crown displacement allows for a plastic response of tree individuals in biotically and abiotically heterogeneous environments. Our results indicate that forest management in this region should focus on functionally diverse stands which are promoting crown area positively resulting in increased growth rates of individual trees.     

巨尾桉瓶内菌根化组培苗的造林效应

1993～ 1994年 ,在广东省开平市国营镇海林场建立了 2个巨尾桉组培苗瓶内接种外生菌根菌的野外造林试验。 2个试验中 ,共采用 17个外生菌根菌菌株。造林后定期观测了 12或 2 4个月树高、地径和胸径等生长指标。试验结果表明 :除试验 2造林初期的树高外 ,其他所有生长指标在菌根菌处理间均有极显著差异或显著差异 ,菌根菌间对巨尾桉生长有不同的影响 ;从多重比较和接种效果分析看 ,菌株E4 0 70、H4 5 0 9、E4 2 4 0、H6 177、H4 339、E4 72 6、C930 1、C92 13和C92 0 3,在造林后 6个月开始可明显地促进巨尾桉树木生长 ,说明组培苗瓶内菌根化技术是完全可行的 ,有关菌株对巨尾桉幼树生长具有促进作用     

投资额受限制情况下的船型选择

本文对造船资金受限制情况下的船型选择进行了讨论，作者提出，对于这类问题可以用递推方程来解决，该法用作业于不同渔场的拖网渔选型作为例子来说明。     

薄壳山核桃雄花花芽分化的解剖学研究

为掌握薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)雄花花芽分化规律,采用石蜡切片方法从显微水平上对浙江建德薄壳山核桃花芽发育过程各阶段特征进行观察,结果表明:3月中下旬分化初期,雄花芽与叶芽无区别;3月下旬鳞片分化期,花序基部逐渐形成突起,进入鳞片化阶段;4月上旬苞片分化期,雄花序自上而下形成弯月形苞片原基,花序顶部呈馒头状;4月中旬进入雄花原基分化期,由苞片基部逐渐形成突起状雄花原基;4月下旬雄蕊原基出现,形成雄蕊原基,产生花药;4月下旬至5月上旬花药分化形成期,花药内形成花粉囊,花粉散出,花序凋谢.     

薄壳山核桃雌花发育的解剖学研究

为掌握薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)雌花花芽发育规律,应用了石蜡切片技术,从显微水平上对浙江省建德市12年生薄壳山核桃花芽发育各阶段特征进行观察,结果表明:薄壳山核桃马罕(Mahan)雌花发育过程可分为4个时期,分别是分化初期、花序分化期、雌花总苞形成期和雌蕊形成和发育期,在分化初期雌花芽与叶芽无区别,顶端呈圆球状;花序分化期形成两个以上椭圆状小花原基;雌花总苞形成期总苞略呈四方形,中央部位形成雌蕊原基并进一步分化出胚珠原基;雌蕊形成和发育期胚珠继续发育,胚囊形成.准确确定薄壳山核桃马罕雌花发育各个关键时期可为合理品种配置及人工授粉提供依据.     

改善实木复合地板尺寸稳定性的措施

研究了两种涂料配方的不同配比对木质复合地板尺寸稳定性的影响，结果表明：以醇酸清漆为主的涂料对地板产品进行后期处理，在产品尺寸稳定性和成本方面均优于其它涂料，合理选取涂料组分和配比，不仅能提高产品的尺寸稳定性，而且提高产品外观的美观度。     

人参果胶的研究进展

人参是五加科人参属植物,主要生长在东亚,特别是寒冷地区,具大补元气,固脱生津,安神等作用。其主要成分有皂苷多糖、多肽、皂苷、氨基酸和维生素等[1,2]。目前,人参研究主要集中在调节中枢神经系统、促进大脑对能量物质的利用、改善心脏功能、降血糖、增强机体的免疫功能和抗癌作用等方面。因人参成分复杂,故进一步研究各成分所起功效成为了人参研究的重点方向。本文将对人参果胶分组成和研究现状做重点详细介绍,以便更好的开发利用人参中的果胶成分。     

秦岭南坡油茶果实生物学特性的研究

对秦岭南坡油茶果实的生长，发育进行了定点观空洞是定，发现油茶幼果的生长与营养供与给有着重要关系。７月夏梢生长快，大量形成花芽，对养分消耗很大，使得果实生长缓慢；８月果实生长达到最高峰。生长在阳坡或雨后烈日暴晒，易造成早期裂果，油共幼果脱落与大气温度成正相关，并在一定范围同人随雨量的增加，落果也增加。１０月是油茶果实油量急剧增长时期。     

不同浓度生根液对油橄榄扦插生根情况的影响

将佛奥和鄂植两个品种油橄榄扦插条放入生根液浓度分别为0mg·L^-1、100pmm、200mg·L^-1、300mg·L^-1、400mg·L^-1的生根液激素中浸泡,进行油橄榄扦插条生根率的研究。结果表明,没有生根液浸泡的插穗虽有少量的产生愈伤组织,但几乎不会生根;佛奥在0mg·L^-1、100mg·L^-1、200mg·L^-1、300mg·L^-1、400mg·L^-1浓度生根液浸泡下的生根率分别为3%、37%、42%、76%、63%;鄂植在0mg·L^-1、100mg·L^-1、200mg·L^-1、300mg·L^-1、400mg·L^-1浓度生根液浸泡下的生根率分别为2%、21.25%、40.5%、70.25%、53.13%;由此可以得出,油橄榄扦插浸泡生根液激素的最适浓度为300mg·L^-1。