枫桦红松林凋落物分解真菌生态群的研究

小兴安岭枫桦红松林凋落物分解真菌生态群共签定出99属种,其中树上活体分解寄生菌10种、兼性菌5种,微型腐生菌36个属、腐生担子菌47种。根据凋落物分解真菌在分解过程中所处的生态位不同,分为四个生态群:叶面寄生分解真菌(以Melampsora, Uncinula等为代表)、叶面兼性分解真菌(以Mycosphaerella,Lophodermium为代表)、叶栖初生腐生分解真菌(以Lophodermium nitens为典型代表)、叶栖习居次生腐生分解真菌(微型真菌以Alternaria,Trichoderme等为代表,腐生担子菌以Clitocybe,Russula等为代表)。在凋落物分解真菌方面,为枫桦红松林生态系统研究,提供了重要科学资料。     

不同密度和肥料对杂交棉主要农艺性状的影响研究

本文通过不同肥料和密度对杂交棉主要农艺性状的影响研究，结果表明，在22500株/ha—31500株/ha的密度水平和600kg/ha---1050kg/ha的施肥（折尿素，下同）水平范围内，各处理对杂交棉的生育期影响不大；而随着密度增加，杂交棉每株果档数减少、单铃重下降、衣分降低，有效铃增加，产量总体上呈增加趋向势；随着肥料水平增加，不同密度水平的产量性状因子表现不一致,，而较低密度时，除每株果档数外其余产量性状及产量均增加，而较高密度时，各产量性状及产量则表现先增后降，但二者均在移栽地区杂交棉适宜密度范围内。综合来看，生产上应以27000株/ha密度 和900kg/施肥水平为基础上，视田间具体条件，选择适宜的肥料和移栽密度水平。     

SSR和ISSR分子标记及其在桑树遗传育种研究中的应用前景

本文对SSR(simple sequence repeat)和ISSR(inter-simple sequence repeat)分子标记的定义和各自优点进行了综述,并展望这两种分子标记技术在桑树遗传育种研究中的应用前景。     

应用间接荧光抗体技术研究水中嗜水气单胞菌的数量与鱼类出血性败血病的关系

应用间接荧光抗体技术（ＩＦＡＴ），并结合嗜水气单胞菌（Ａｈ）地区优势血清型，对鱼类出血性败血病的致病菌Ａｈ进行水中数量的测定。ＭＭ感染试验和对生产鱼塘调查的结果表明，水中Ａｈ菌量与疾病呈正相关，致病浓度又随鱼体健康低下、水中氨氮偏高、溶氧偏低等多种因子的影响而下降。本试验方法快速简便，检测对象为水体，非常适用于预测疾病的发展趋势。     

Induction of meiotic gynogenesis in bagrid catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) with homologous sperm and its confirmation for female homogamety

The bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in growth rate and body size with males growing faster than females. Therefore, an all‐male culture can dramatically increase the output and profitability of fishery products. According to the monosex breeding route, super‐male individuals’ acquirement by XY male sex reversal and artificial gynogenesis is the key step. An effective protocol to induce meiotic gynogenesis using homologous sperms has been developed in this study. The most effective UV irradiation for sperm genetic inactivation was found to be at a distance of 20 cm with 66 μW/cm² light intensity for 25 min. Optimal treatment for cold shock was 5 min post‐fertilization at 0‐4°C for 30 min, which gave the best survival rate of 13.65 ± 2.87%. The sex ratio in the meiotic gynogens showed a significant female‐biased deviation (p < .05); thirty meiogynogens and their parents were further analysed using a male‐specific AFLP marker, of which only the male parent produced a male‐specific DNA band of 412 bp. These results indicated the female homogametic XX/XY sex determination system in P. ussuriensis. The optimization of a protocol for the successful induction of meiogynogenesis in the bagrid catfish lays the basis for all‐male production and is useful in ascertaining the genetic sex determination system in this promising aquaculture species.     

Methyl donors dietary supplementation to gestating sows diet improves the growth rate of offspring and is associating with changes in expression and DNA methylation of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 gene

The study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal dietary methyl donors on the performance of sows and their offspring, and the associated hepatic insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) expression of the offspring. A total of 24 multiparous sows were randomly fed the control (CON) or the CON diet supplemented with methyl donors (MD) at 3 g/kg betaine, 15 mg/kg folic acid, 400 mg/kg choline and 150 μg/kg VB₁₂, from mating until delivery. After farrowing, sows were fed a common lactation diet through a 28‐days lactation period and six litters per treatment were selected to be fed until at approximately 110 kg BW. Maternal MD supplementation resulted in greater birthweight (p < 0.05) and increased the piglet weights (p < 0.01) and litter weights (p < 0.05) at the age of day 28, compared with that in CON group. The offspring pigs in the MD group had greater ADG (p < 0.05) and tended to lower F:G ratio (p = 0.07) compared with that of CON group from day 28 to 180 of age. The offspring pigs from MD group had greater serum IGF‐1 concentrations and expressions of hepatic IGF‐1 gene and muscular IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1r) protein at birth (p < 0.05), and greater hepatic IGF‐1 protein (p = 0.03) and muscular IGF‐1r gene expressions (p < 0.05) at slaughter, than that from the CON group. Moreover, the methylation at the promoter of IGF‐1 gene in the liver of newborn piglets and finishing pigs was greater in the MD group than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal MD supplementation throughout gestation could enhance the birthweight and postnatal growth rate of offspring, associated with an increased expression of the IGF‐1 gene and IGF‐1r, as well as the altered DNA methylation of IGF‐1 gene promotor.     

茄子新品种冀茄2号（茄杂1号）的选育

冀茄２号（茄杂１号）是以Ｅ－９０１为母本，Ｅ－９０２为父本育成的一代杂种。生长势强，具有早熟、高产、优质等特点，果实高圆形，紫黑发亮，果面光滑，果肉细嫩，味甜，平均单果重５９２．９ｇ，一般每６６７ｍ２产量达４２００～５０００ｋｇ，适于我国喜食圆茄的地区进行保护地或露地栽培。至１９９５年底已在河北、山东、山西、江苏等地示范推广２５０ｈｍ２以上     

香菇原生质体单核体的再生与交配型的关系

在８个香菇菌株原生质体单核体交配型的测定中,有４个菌株测定出两种交配型,其余４个菌株只测得一种交配型。在得到两种交配型的菌株中,其交配型比例也不是１∶１。进一步的实验表明,产生这一现象的主要原因与两种交配型原生质体单核体的再生能力不同有关。在申香２号菌株１０７个单核体中,ＡｘＢｘ交配型只有２６个,而且都是在再生阶段的前期产后的,后期出现的单核体则都是ＡｙＢｙ型菌落。     

一种高效制备慢病毒表达载体的方法

慢病毒表达载体具有感染宿主广和基因组整合效率高的优点,因此在转基因动物的制备中得到广泛应用.本研究构建了含有红色荧光和绿色荧光的慢病毒表达载体,用磷酸钙转染法将三质粒慢病毒载体转染293T细胞,转染效率达72%,降低了慢病毒的生产成本.在进行慢病毒的浓缩与纯化时,通过超速度离心和超滤相结合的方法,在150 mL的慢病毒原液中经纯化后得到80 μL效价为2.38×109 TU/mL的慢病毒颗粒.获得的高效价双荧光慢病毒表达载体可为后续双基因转基因动物的制备提供可靠的制作途径与检测基础.     

论预防中国“拉美化”倾向

将中国“拉美化”问题定义为中国贫困化和两极化,并对城乡居民收入差距扩大问题的现状以及原因进行了研究,最后就防止中国出现“拉美”倾向给出了政策建议。