2022年上海市稻田杂草大发生原因剖析及对策建议

在对稻田杂草发生危害长期跟踪监测和调查走访的基础上, 从主观?客观和管理层面的10个方面, 对2022年上海市稻田杂草大发生原因进行了剖析, 并针对当前稻田杂草防除中存在的问题, 从政策引导?技术支撑?组织管理等方面提出了对策建议?     

苹果轮纹病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性及Cytb基因序列分析

为了明确苹果轮纹病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性和吡唑醚菌酯的靶标基因序列, 采用菌丝生长速率法测定了水杨肟酸对B. dothidea 菌丝生长的作用, 探讨了添加或不添加水杨肟酸的情况下病原菌对吡唑醚菌酯敏感性的变化; 并测定了不同产区的80株B. dothidea 对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性以及440株B. dothidea 对吡唑醚菌酯的抗性; 然后, 扩增并分析了具有不同敏感性的菌株的细胞色素b基因 (Cytb) 序列?结果表明:不同浓度水杨肟酸对菌丝生长的抑制作用不同?添加40 μg/mL水杨肟酸不影响吡唑醚菌酯的EC50?菌株的敏感性频率符合近似正态分布, 各产区菌株对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性没有显著差异, 吡唑醚菌酯平均EC50为(2.95±2.11) μg/mL, 没有检测到抗性菌株?靶标基因序列分析表明, Cytb基因在F129?G137和G143位密码子上没有产生点突变, 首次发现在143位密码子后有内含子插入?     

36个小麦审定和区试品种(系)的抗白粉病基因推导

明确我国当前小麦审定和区试品种含有的抗白粉病基因, 可为这些品种在小麦抗病育种中的应用及品种合理布局和轮换提供依据。本研究采用24个不同毒性的小麦白粉菌菌株对36个小麦审定和区试品种(系)进行抗白粉病基因推导, 参试品种(系)与46个已知抗病基因小麦品种(系)抗谱比较的结果表明, 11个小麦审定品种中有5个品种对所有供试白粉菌菌株表现抗性, 结合亲本溯源, 推测其中有3个品种可能携有Pm21基因; 另外6个审定品种中有5个品种可能含有抗病基因Pm2, 且其对应的亲本或亲本组合中含有抗病基因Pm2。25个区试品种(系)中有3个可能含有Pm21, 10个含有Pm2, 1个含有Pm2+6,2个含有Pm4b,1个含有Pm8。另外, 参试的36个品种(系)中还有9个品种(系)和已知基因品种抗谱存在一定差异。总体上, 推导出已知基因的品种以含有Pm2基因的品种最多, Pm21基因的品种次之, 建议在生产上加强对Pm21基因品种(系)特别是已审定的携有Pm21基因品种的推广和应用, 应该注意一些省份在育种和生产上应慎用或少用含Pm2基因的品种(系)。     

小麦饲料中添加木聚糖酶对高原型藏羊胃肠道发育的影响

旨在分析小麦粉中添加木聚糖酶(xylanase, Xyl)对藏羊羔羊胃肠道发育的影响。选择同质性良好的2～3月龄高原型藏羊公羔60只,随机分为两组,每组30只,各组内设置5个重复。对照组(Control group)饲喂不含木聚糖酶的日粮,试验组(Test group)饲喂含0.2%木聚糖酶的日粮,试验分为预饲期10 d和正试期90 d。饲养试验结束时,两组各随机选取5只羔羊进行屠宰,采集消化道组织置于多聚甲醛固定,并收集血液、瘤胃和空肠内容物。结果显示：1)与对照组相比,试验组瘤胃的角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度,瓣胃的乳头长度、乳头宽度、角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度,皱胃的黏膜厚度以及十二指肠的肌层厚度,空肠的绒毛高度、黏膜厚度,回肠的肌层厚度显著提高(P<0.05);2)对照组瘤胃和血清的LPS含量显著高于试验组(P<0.05);3)相较于对照组,试验组瘤胃的糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性以及空肠的糜蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);4)试验组瘤胃的总抗氧化能力水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及过氧化氢酶活性以及空肠的总抗氧化能力水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶...     

PA-X基因的长度变化对H3N2犬流感病毒复制能力和致病性的影响

H3N2犬流感病毒(canine influenza virus, CIV)已在中国多地的犬群中流行,是禽流感跨宿主感染并形成新分支的近期案例。研究表明,PA-X基因与甲型流感病毒适应新宿主的能力相关,且其长度能够影响甲型流感病毒的复制及致病能力。为了解PA-X基因的长度变化对H3N2 CIV复制能力及致病力的影响,本研究利用H3N2 CIV的8质粒操作系统,拯救了三株重组H3N2 CIV毒株：PA-X基因表达大小为232个氨基酸多肽的亲本病毒CIV＿PA-X＿232;对PA编码区第191、192位氨基酸的密码子进行改造,PA-X基因不表达蛋白的重组病毒CIV＿PA-X＿Knock;对PA+1编码区第232位氨基酸进行突变,PA-X基因表达大小为252个氨基酸多肽的重组病毒CIV＿PA-X＿252。通过比较3株重组病毒的聚合酶活性,在MDCK细胞中的复制效率及对小鼠致病性的差异,来评价表达不同长度的PA-X基因对H3N2 CIV的影响。结果显示,CIV＿PA-X＿252和CIV＿PA-X＿Knock的聚合酶活性显著(P<0.05)高于CIV＿PA-X＿232,且CIV＿PA-X＿...     

植物开花光周期反应的分子调控机制

植物开花时间受到日照长短季节性变化的调节,拟南芥和水稻中与光周期反应相关基因的分离,使人们得以认识植物开花光周期反应的分子调控机制。植物感知日照长短的变化主要由CONSTANS(CO)基因的表达所控制。CO能够将光信号与生物钟信号整合,调节开花基因FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)的表达,并最终控制植物的开花时间。本文对这一研究的最新进展进行了综述。     

Analysis on Competition from the View of Law and Economics and the Inspiration

The establishment of the competition legal system is the response to the social and economical reality. The perfection of the competition legal system needs the support of economic theory. Therefore, analyzing the competition from the law and economic perspective is propitious to perfect the regulation of competition in the law system constantly, guarantee and promote competition, and thus to establish and maintain reasonable and efficient competition order, promote market-economy developing prosperously and harmoniously. The paper uses the study methods of economical and comparative analyze, explore the sorts of competition and their effectiveness, believe that the perfection of the competition legal system should firstly definite that its adjust object is the effective competition with monopoly factor; though the exemption of competition cant be avoid, it continuously appears shrinking trend. The competition legal system will play a more important role in the economical life.     

Clustering Analysis for Time Feature of User Power Consumption Based on Structural Self-adaptation ANN

In view of the important effect of clustering analysis in data mining, the clustering rules and its curve are studied to solve the problem of determining clustering number. A kind of self-adaptation clustering ANN is presented based on SOFM ANN, which can automatically determine the clustering number. Based on practical sales data, the time feature analysis of power user consumption are carried out by using the self-adaptation clustering ANN, whose conclusion has the important referenced values for adjusting power price correspondingly and arranging power producing reasonably.     

A Method for State Diagnosis of Grounding Grid

This paper discuses the method with which the corrosion of the grounding grid can be diagnosed .A grounding grid can handled as a circuit network. With the application of circuit network graph theory and the fault diagnosis theory of analog circuit and optimization, the fault diagnosis equations can be set up. This equations is figured out by Matlab, and the corrosion status of the grounding grid can be deduced from the result.