淋雨和添加剂对苜蓿青贮品质的影响

为研究淋雨和添加剂对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)青贮品质的影响,试验设新鲜和淋雨苜蓿青贮2个因素,添加剂分别为对照、甲酸、绿汁发酵液、改良绿汁发酵液、玉米粉、绿汁发酵液+玉米粉、改良绿汁发酵液+玉米粉7个水平,共14个处理。青贮90 d后,测定各处理的pH、氨态氮、有机酸、营养成分和硝基化合物含量。结果表明:淋雨和添加剂均极显著降低苜蓿青贮饲料pH、氨态氮、乳酸和乙酸含量(P<0.01)。改良绿汁发酵液+玉米粉组的乳酸含量显著高于对照和其他处理组(P<0.05)。淋雨和添加剂显著影响苜蓿青贮饲料的干物质、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量和缓冲能值(P<0.05),添加剂对粗灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和水溶性碳水化合物含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。淋雨、添加剂及其交互作用极显著影响苜蓿青贮饲料的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量(P<0.01)。添加剂可改善淋雨苜蓿青贮的发酵品质,其中改良绿汁发酵液+玉米粉组合效果最明显。     

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptotic pathway

AIM: To investigate the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with SAHA at different concentrations for 48 h. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was detected by real-time cellular analysis. The protein levels of acetylated histones H3K9 and H3K27, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and p-PERK were determined by Western blot. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with control group, treatment with SAHA at 0.1 μmol/L and 1 μmol/L for 48 h showed no significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells, while SAHA at 6 μmol/L and 12 μmol/L significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells (P<0.05). The results of Western blot showed that the protein levels of acH3K9, acH3K27, GRP78 and p-PERK increased significantly after treated with SAHA at diffe-rent concentrations for 48 h, while the protein level of PERK was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptotic rates of the HepG2 cells increased with the increase in SAHA concentration. CONCLUSION: SAHA up-regulates the acetylation of H3K9 and H3K27 in the HepG2 cells and induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis pathway.     

苹果新品种‘红光3号’

‘红光3号’是由‘国光’苹果选育出的芽变新品种。植株生长健壮,抗逆性强,果实性状优异。果实扁圆形,单果质量120 g,果面着条红,着色度85%,果实可溶性固形物含量17.94%,可滴定酸含量0.93%,口感酸甜适口。在河北张承地区果实10月初成熟,丰产稳产,平均产量22.5 t · hm-2。     

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of TWH Gene in Rice Twisted Hull Mutant

A mutant with twisted hulls was found in a breeding population of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The mutant shows less grain weight and inferior grain quality in addition to twisted hulls. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene (temporarily designated as TWH). To map the TWH gene, an F2 population was generated by crossing the twh mutant to R725, an indica rice variety with normal hulls. For bulked segregant analysis, the bulk of mutant plants was prepared by mixing equal amount of plant tissue from 10 twisted-hull plants and the bulk of normal plants was obtained by pooling equal amount tissue of 10 normal-hull plants. Two hundred and seven pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers, which are distributed on 12 rice chromosomes, were used for polymorphism analysis of the parents and the two bulks. The TWH locus was initially mapped close to the SSR marker RM526 on chromosome 2. Therefore, further mapping was performed using 50 pairs of SSR primers around the marker RM526. The TWH was delimited between the SSR markers RM14128 and RM208 on the long arm of chromosome 2 at the genetic distances of 1.4 cM and 2.7 cM, respectively. These results provide the foundation for further fine mapping, cloning and functional analysis of the TWH gene.     

鸡冠花新品种‘彩虹鸡冠花’

‘彩虹鸡冠花’是从‘早水鸡冠花’航天诱变的种子后代中选育出的新品种。株高33.37 cm,冠幅25.23 cm,花序枝8.75条,穗状花序鸡冠状,出冠整齐一致,花冠排列平整,冠长8.17 cm,冠宽4.95 cm,冠色紫红,花期长,达74 d以上。群体整齐性好,适合夏季露地栽培。     

SIRT1 promotes autophagy of pancreatic cancer cells induced by hypoxia via regulating FOXO1/RAB7 signaling pathway

AIM: To investigate the effect of SIRT1 on the autophagy of pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxia condition, and to analyze the underlying mechanism of regulating FOXO1/RAB7 signaling pathway. METHODS: Western blot and immunofluorescence methods were used to determine the expression of SIRT1 in the pancreatic cancer cells. The small interfering RNA targeting SIRT1 and SIRT1 over-expression plasmid were transfected into the pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells. Confocal microscopy was used to detect the LC3 expression. Western blot was used to analyze the protein levels of LC3, p62 and FOXO1/RAB7 signaling pathway-related molecules. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to detected the protein interaction between SIRT1 and FOXO1. RESULTS: The expression level of SIRT1 in the nucleus of Panc-1 cells was increased under hypoxia condition. Compared with negative control under hypoxia condition, knock-down of SIRT1 expression attenuated the autophagy flux in the pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells (P<0.05). Over-expression of SIRT1 increased the protein levels of FOXO1 and RAB7. On the contrary, knock-down of SIRT1 expression inhibited the protein levels of FOXO1 and RAB7. The protein interaction between SIRT1 and FOXO1 in the pancreatic cancer cells was observed. CONCLUSION: SIRT1 in pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells under hypoxia condition is over-expressed in the nucleus. Down-regulation of SIRT1 inhibits autophagy and its mechanism may be related to FOXO1/RAB7 signaling pathway.     

植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量品质的影响

大田栽培条件下,以马铃薯克新13为材料,叶面喷施植物生长调节剂2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,简称DTA-6)、缩节安(Mepiquat chloride,简称DPC)以及烯效唑(Uniconazole,简称S3307),研究植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶片生理代谢及产量、品质形成的影响。结果表明:在马铃薯块茎膨大期喷施植物生长调节剂,均显著增加了单薯重、淀粉产量和鲜薯产量,其中,以DTA-6调控效果为最佳,单薯重、淀粉产量、鲜薯产量和淀粉含量比CK分别增加了10.40%、40.26%、26.56%和11.32%,块茎还原糖含量比CK降低了20%。此外,调节剂处理均提高了马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和细胞间隙CO_2浓度,加快了叶片的光合作用,各指标与产量之间呈正相关。随着时间的推移,各处理的叶片淀粉和蔗糖含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,淀粉酶活性呈降低的变化趋势,调节剂对叶片蔗糖转化酶活性的调控效果呈不同规律的变化。总体而言,调节剂均提高了马铃薯产量,改善了块茎品质,其中DTA-6处理效果最佳。     

皱纹盘鲍人工育苗的初步研究

为探讨近三十年来我国皱纹盘鲍养殖模式对群体遗传结构产生的影响,利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基 (COⅠ)基因和细胞色素b (Cytb)基因分析了定殖漳州的群体、大连培育蓬莱越冬群体、荣成培育福建越冬群体及长山列岛 (砣矶岛、大钦岛、南隍城岛)皱纹盘鲍群体的遗传多样性与群体遗传结构。结果显示,在259个个体730 bp的COⅠ序列片段中检测到48个变异位点和30个单倍型,6个群体的单倍型多样性为0.586~0.897,核苷酸多样性为0.0056~0.0081。259个个体730 bp的Cytb序列片段中检测到59个变异位点和32个单倍型,6个群体的单倍型多样性为0.605~0.909,核苷酸多样性为0.0077~0.0120。基于COⅠ和Cytb基因的群体间F_st值以及AMOVA结果表明,绝大部分群体之间存在显著的遗传分化,并且遗传变异主要来源于群体内。现行的皱纹盘鲍北鲍南养模式加强了不同群体之间的基因交流,使不同遗传背景的种群二次接触,导致皱纹盘鲍6个群体均具有较高的单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性;而各养殖群体中的不同选育条件则可能是造成显著遗传分化的重要原因。本研究对分属南北沿海的6个皱纹盘鲍群体的遗传评估将为我国皱纹盘鲍资源的合理利用以及养殖模式对遗传结构的影响提供科学依据。

     

沙质草地植物群落及土壤质地对补播和翻耕措施的响应

选取3个翻耕模式(深翻、浅翻及免耕),以未补播的原生沙质草地为对照(CK),分析不同模式下禾-豆混播草地土壤颗粒组成、植物群落结构特征及数量特征,研究退化沙质草地土壤质地及植物群落对翻耕和补播措施的响应。结果表明:深翻、浅翻、免耕及CK对应的草地群落物种丰富度分别为9、9、5种和8种,机械扰动和补播牧草降低了游击型克隆植物的繁殖与扩展能力,提高了补播牧草在群落中的优势度,深翻处理下多年生禾本科及豆科牧草优势度最为明显,翻耕及补播后草地植物群落物种多样性和均匀度明显增大,生态优势度与物种多样性变化趋势正好相反,其中浅翻处理下补播草地群落物种多样性和均匀度最高,游击型克隆植物提高了原生草地生态优势度;补播草地群落地上生物量大小表现为:深翻(348.39 g·m~(-2))浅翻(285.77 g·m~(-2))免耕(242.08 g·m~(-2))CK(141.83 g·m~(-2)),且与原生草地存在极显著性差异(P0.01);补播草地土壤颗粒组成主要以50~250μm的细沙粒为主,深翻、浅翻及补播牧草显著提高了0~20 cm土层土壤黏粉粒含量和土壤颗粒体积分形维数(P0.01),土壤质地改善效果明显,土壤整体稳定性明显提高。     

转基因动物研究进展

转基因动物是现代生物技术中一个极其重要的研究领域，目前已经有转基因小鼠、兔、绵羊、山羊、猪、牛、鸡和鱼等多种转基因动物问世。本文综述了转基因动物的制作方法、转基因动物的应用研究以及所取得的重要成就，并指出了转基因动物存在的主要问题，展望了其发展前景。