玉米花粉与花丝早期互作的蛋白质组学分析

 【目的】分离授粉早期玉米花丝的总蛋白质,为从蛋白质组角度揭示玉米花粉与花丝早期的相互作用奠定基础。【方法】以玉米(Zea mays L.)自交系Ga25为试材,采用三氯乙酸-丙酮法提取总蛋白质,运用双向电泳、质谱分析与检索技术,比较自交授粉后1 h和2 h的花丝蛋白质组的差异。【结果】与授粉1 h的蛋白质组相比,在授粉2 h后的蛋白质组中出现28个差异蛋白点,其中,6个蛋白质点特异表达,19个蛋白质点上调表达,3个蛋白质点下调表达;通过MALDI-TOF-MS质谱测序和MASCOT序列分析,注释了23个蛋白质点,其余5个为未知蛋白;功能分类表明,差异蛋白质分别参与细胞壁合成(21.4%)、防御/抗胁迫(17.9%)、细胞组织、蛋白命运、蛋白合成、转录等细胞过程。【结论】在玉米花粉与花丝早期的相互作用过程中蛋白质组有显著的变化,与授粉后1 h相比,授粉后2 h的蛋白质组中大部分差异蛋白呈上调趋势,并有特异蛋白质出现;分泌型过氧化物酶、膨胀素、果胶甲基化酶抑制蛋白、谷胱甘肽转移酶与未知蛋白4可能与玉米花粉和花丝的早期互作密切相关。     

TBTV卫星RNA不同分离物的序列测定及系统进化分析*

  利用RT-PCR方法对烟草丛顶病毒（tobacco bushy top virus,TBTV）卫星RNA不同分离物进行扩增和克隆测序,同时运用DNAMAN,MEGA,ClustalX等生物软件对TBTV和其它幽影病毒的卫星RNA核苷酸序列进行同源性比较,构建了幽影病毒属成员卫星RNA的系统进化树。E结果显示：TBTV不同分离物卫星RNA的核苷酸同源性为792%～990%。它们与幽影病毒属其它成员卫星RNA的核苷酸同源性为325%～441%。通过构建幽影病毒属成员卫星RNA的系统进化树可以看出：TBTV的卫星RNA与GRV的卫星RNA亲缘关系最近,与CMoMV的亲缘关系最远。     

基于农作制分区的1985—2015年中国小麦生产时空变化

Comparing spatio-temporal variation characteristics of China’s wheat production, yield, sown area and yield-area-contribution in different farming zones in the past 30 years could help improving wheat planting layout and adjusting planting structure. Concentration index, rate of change, moving of gravity and resolution of yield-area-contribution were used to analyze spatio-temporal changes of China’s wheat production and yield-area-contribution based on county wheat production statistics including sown area, production and yield from 1985 to 2015. The wheat sown area decreased obviously in Northeast farming region, Northwest farming region and South farming region and increased rapidly in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Yangtze Plain farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, the concentration indexes of Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region reached to 20.64%, 25.77%, and 21.65% respectively in 2015. Wheat production increased significantly by more than 48 milliontons in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, and nearly 8 million tons Yangtze Plain farming region but decreased by more than 2.6 million tons in Northeast farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat production was concentrated in Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Yuxi Hill farming region. The average wheat yield continuously improved during the study period, Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Northwest farming region had the yield increase up to 103.5 kg hm ^-2 and 92.9 kg hm ^-2 each year. Wheat yield in Yuxi Hill farming region, Fenwei Basin farming region and Haihe Plain farming region was relatively high in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region. The yield-reduced area was mainly caused by the decreasing of sown area, while the yield-area-contribution rate was different in yield-increased area. Yield-dominant counties were reduced, area-dominant counties were increased and yield-area-dominant counties were relatively steady. In production increased area, yield-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming region, area-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Yangtze Plain farming region. Chinese wheat production was increasingly concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region which has high and rapid increase of wheat yield over the past three decades. Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region were the most concentrated areas in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region for wheat production during this period. Wheat yield and sown area jointly promoted the increase of wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat sown area was the crucial factor to increase wheat production in Yangtze Plain farming region, especially in the north of Jiangsu, Anhui province and greater part of Xinjiang.     

我国建立出版专业职业资格制度的必要性及其意义

从2002年起,我国出版行业开始建立出版专业技术人员职业资格制度,这是我国出版系统专业技术人员从业制度的重大改革,对于提高从业人员的整体水平,提升我国出版行业的竞争力,加强政府对用人单位和从业人员依法管理,深化出版专业职称改革具有重要的意义。从社会发展及出版行业自身发展两方面加以论述,对建立出版职业资格制度的必要性及意义进行了探讨。     

不同种植密度夏玉米产量性状与产量的灰色相关分析

为给夏玉米的育种和高产栽培提供理论依据,应用灰色关联度分析法,对夏玉米2个品种(郑单958和豫单998)和3个种植密度的产量性状与籽粒产量进行分析.结果表明,夏玉米产量与各产量性状的关联度依序为出籽率＞穗轴重＞穗粗＞穗长＞千粒重＞行粒数＞穗行数＞穗粒数＞穗粒重,出籽率与产量关系最密切.     

狂犬病病毒核蛋白的原核表达及纯化

采用RT-PCR方法扩增出狂犬病病毒(RV)CVS株核蛋白(N)基因,并将目的基因亚克隆入原表达载体pET-28 a(+)中,经PCR、双酶切以及序列分析,结果表明:已成功构建了重组质粒.将重组质粒转化至大肠埃希氏菌Rossetta(DE3),在37℃,1 mmol/L IPTG条件下进行诱导表达.诱导产物经SDS-PAGE分析,在分子量约为54 KD附近出现较粗的目的带,与预期的目的蛋白分子量相符合.经表达条件优化,用1 mmol/LIPTG在37℃诱导表达5 h,表达量达到最高,Western-Blotting鉴定目的蛋白有较强的免疫原性.为狂犬病毒的N蛋白的新型疫苗的制备奠定了基础.     

凌源地区百合新品种引种栽培试验研究

为了在凌源地区引进推广新的百合品种,辽宁省农业科学院引进14个百合新品种在凌源试验栽培。通过主要性状的调查分析,确定适宜凌源地区栽培的百合品种有LA杂种系的纳帮;OT杂种系的罗宾娜、黄色风暴、木门、曼尼萨;OO杂种系的赞布拉星、能量。     

不同质量浓度抗生素对菊花‘绿鹦哥’茎段组织培养的影响

研究确定了选择标记抗生素卡那霉素(Kanamycin:Kan)对菊花‘绿鹦哥'茎段分化和无茼苗生根抑制的最适质量浓度,并探讨了除菌抗生素头孢噻肟钠(Cefotaxime:Cef)对‘绿鹦哥'茎段分化影响的安全质量浓度.试验结果表明,30 mg·L~(-1)的卡那霉素能够完全抑制菊花茎段的分化,10 mg·L~(-1)的卡那霉素可以完全抑制无菌苗的生根;700 mg·L~(-1)的头孢噻肟钠不影响菊花茎段外植体不定芽的再生,随着头孢噻肟钠质量浓度的升高,菊花茎段不定芽出现玻璃化现象.     

羽衣甘蓝×芥菜型油菜种间杂种再生和染色体加倍

以羽衣甘蓝和芥菜型油菜种间杂种(ZH201)(2=3x=ABC=27)为试验材料,以花序轴,果柄和子房为外植体,采用不同处理对其进行再生研究;对获得的再生试管苗用秋水仙素和二甲基亚砜进行处理,比较不同因素对染色体加倍的影响;对获得的三倍体和六倍体植株进行形态学和细胞学比较.结果表明:杂种植株再生频率从高到低依次为果柄、子房、花序轴,将外植体直接接种到分化培养基(MS+0.2 NAA+3.0 mg/L 6 BA 3.0 mg/L+5.0 mg/L AgNO3+0.6 mg/L GA3)上再生频率最高.在染色体加倍处理方面,以100 mg/L秋水仙素处理根尖24 h效果最好,获得的六倍体植株与三倍体相比,花朵颜色较深,花瓣较大,花药饱满,荚果能够正常生长,获得部分种子.在细胞学上,三倍体植株在花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ存在着大量单价体,后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ发现有大量染色体落后现象.六倍体植株中在花粉母细胞减数分裂后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ也发现有染色体落后现象,但是落后染色体比三倍体少.

Abstract：

Rachises, pedicels and ovaries from the interspecific hybrid ZH201 (2n= 3X=ABC=27) between Brassica oleracea var. acephala and B. juncea were used as explants and cultured on different media to study their frequency of regeneration. The regenerated plantlets were treated with colchicine or Dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) to compare their effect on chromosome doubling and to obtain hexaploid plants. The morphological and cytological characteristics of the triploid and hexaploid plants were compared. The results showed that plantlet regeneration frequency of the explants was in the order of pedicel ＞ ovary ＞ rachis. The highest regeneration frequency was obtained when the explants were directly inoculated on the differentiation medium MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 5.0 mg/L AgNO3 +0.6mg/L GA3. The treatment of root meristem with 100 mg/L colchicine solution for 24 hours yielded the best results of chromosome doubling. Compared with their triploid counterparts, the hexaploid plants obtained had bigger petals with darker color and well-filled anther and normal pods and, as a result, yielded some seeds. In cytological examination, many univalent chromosomes were observed during meiosis metaphase I of pollen mother cells of the triploid plants and many lagging chromosomes during anaphase I and anaphase Ⅱ. Though lagging chromosomes were also detected during anaphase Ⅱ and anaphase Ⅱ of the hexaploid plants, their number was much smaller than that of the triploid plants.     

黑龙江省超级稻干物质积累及与产量性状的关系

利用田间小区试验,对黑龙江省3个超级稻品种松粳9号、龙稻5号和龙粳14号及其相应对照品种进行干物质积累与产量关系的研究。结果表明,在各生育期超级稻品种的干物质积累量均高于普通对照品种,其中,分蘖盛期高14.2%～34.0%,拔节孕穗期高16.8%～37.9%,齐穗期高20.2%～35.6%,成熟期高15.1%～18.0%。相关分析结果表明,各生育期的总干物重与产量均呈显著或极显著正相关关系(r=0.85*～0.97**),孕穗期叶片、茎鞘干物重及总干物重与穗粒数和结实率两性状均呈显著正相关(r=0.76*～0.82*)。